International Journal of Nutrology
Not a member yet
467 research outputs found
Sort by
Major considerations and outcomes of clinical trials of vitamin D in athlete performance: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In addition to influencing physical performance, some studies verify the impact of vitamin D on body composition. It is known that their high levels favor the gain of fibers of fast contraction, favoring the increase of force due to the increase of muscular areas and it prevents loss of lean mass. Objective: It was present, through a systematic review, the main correlations and outcomes of clinical studies between vitamin D and physical exercise practitioners, analyzing the effects of vitamin D deficiency, sufficiency, and supplementation on sports performance. Methods: Following the criteria of literary search with the use of the Mesh Terms that were cited in the item below on "Search strategies", a total of 94 papers that were submitted to the eligibility analysis were collated and, after that, 65 studies were selected, following the rules of systematic review - PRISMA. The review protocol was based on literary search criteria using mesh terms in major databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Bireme, EBSCO, and Scielo. It followed the following steps: search for MeSH Terms: Vitamin D. Clinical trials. Physical exercises. Athletes. Quality of life. Conclusion: The present study aimed to present, through a systematic review, the main correlations and outcomes of clinical studies between vitamin D and physical exercise practitioners, analyzing the effects of vitamin D deficiency, sufficiency, and supplementation on sports performance
Highlight the major clinical outcomes of vitamins and minerals in healthy aging: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the context of healthy longevity, aging is a natural phenomenon that promotes a senescent phenotype, with the shortening of telomeres. The main ways to increase a healthy life expectancy include lifestyle modifications and pharmacological manipulations. Vitamins, minerals (as micronutrients), essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), probiotics, and plant metabolites such as polyphenols and terpenoids are widely recognized for preventing aging. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review to highlight the main clinical outcomes of vitamins and minerals in healthy aging. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from August to September 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 122 articles were found, and 40 articles were evaluated in full and 38 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=72.4%>50%. Zinc and copper govern many functions that characterize the so-called “oxy-aging”. Selenium (Se) is a fundamental cofactor in many redox functions, vitamin C's role in aging has been investigated particularly for skin health and immunity, particularly in inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Retinoids, which represent a synthetic form of vitamin A, appear effective in preventing skin degeneration due to aging. The role of vitamin E in preventing and reducing ROS-induced injuries has been well described. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 influenced the biomarkers analyzed to indicate an anti-aging effect. It was concluded that micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals have anti-oxidant, protective, and regenerative properties to promote healthy aging
Assessment of the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective observational crosssectional cohort study
Get PDFChronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as changes in glomerular filtration rate and/or the presence of parenchymal damage, which are maintained for at least three months. When in advanced stages of evolution, renal replacement therapies are necessary, and the most widespread is hemodialysis, indispensable for the stability of the patient. However, such a therapeutic measure has a great influence on the patient's quality of life, interfering with their habits, as well as their physical conditions and social and occupational functioning. Thus, when evaluating the quality of care provided to 204 participants with CKD attending the nephrology and hemodialysis clinic, aimed at recognizing the quality of life, through the validated WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, a causal relationship between the data obtained from each domain addressed in the questionnaire (physical, environmental, psychological and social relationships) and their quality of life profile. Those younger, males, with higher socioeconomic and educational levels, showed a significant increase in their quality of life. In addition, among the analyzed domains, the physical one, which deals with conditions such as pain, sleep quality, and physical and psychological capacity to perform functions showed to have the greatest impact, unfavorably. The opposite was observed in the environmental domain, which stood out positively among the others, allowing us to conclude that even though the participants had ideal conditions to carry out the procedure, the effects generated by this in the body, contribute to the reduction of significantly on the quality of life
Medical Ethics in Nutrology
Get PDFFew medical specialties have aroused as much interest as Nutrology in these post-modern times of beauty and slimming at any cost. Medical Schools need to make an effort to raise the awareness of future physicians on this issue, which is so sensitive today: Ethics in Medicine
Effects of melatonin in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Obesity represents a multifactorial disease that causes major public health problems. There are about 2.0 billion overweight and obese people in the world, represented by 39.6% of adults. Melatonin may provide cardioprotection at low pharmacological doses. Melatonin's ability to improve cardiovascular function and its hypotensive effect because of its direct and receptor-dependent antioxidant actions suggest that melatonin may have some beneficial effects in controlling diabetic vascular complications. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review of the main effects of melatonin in the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus, as well as in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The present study followed a concise systematic review model (PRISMA). The literary search process was carried out from April to May 2023 and was developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, using scientific articles until 2023. The low quality of evidence was attributed to case reports, editorials, and short communications, according to the GRADE instrument. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 168 studies were found for eligibility analysis, and so 46 of a total of 68 studies were selected for this systematic review. According to the GRADE instrument, most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 =90.4%>50%. The Funnel Plot showed a symmetrical behavior, not suggesting a significant risk of bias in studies with smaller sample sizes. It was concluded that melatonin can reduce body weight and fat mass and regulate energy expenditure, glucose/lipid metabolism, and insulin secretion; therefore, it can play an effective role in weight management. There is a growing consensus that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are of great importance in preserving the body's function and homeostasis. In adulthood, disturbances in melatonin production negatively impact the progression of cardiovascular risk factors and promote cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The consumption of melatonin supplements can be effective in controlling blood pressure and anthropometric indices (as predictors of obesity) in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, melatonin has significant effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial injury, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, vascular diseases, valvular heart diseases, and lipid metabolism. As an inexpensive and well-tolerated drug, melatonin could be a new therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases
Clinical and nutrological aspects of celiac disease: a case report
Get PDFCeliac Disease is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. The prevalence varies by country and it is estimated to be 1% of the population. Diagnosis can be made at any age, and may manifest in a typical manner with diarrhea, abdominal pain, malabsorption, malnutrition; or with atypical symptoms and extra intestinal manifestations such as metabolic diseases, and neurological symptoms. The interest in its diagnosis results in the regression of symptoms with the dietary exclusion of gluten, the recovery of adequate nutritional status, and the reduction of the risk of the appearance of more serious complications (refractory disease, lymphoma, and intestinal adenocarcinoma). A case is reported of a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, with dyspeptic symptoms, ferropenia, and chronic fatigue who after an etiological investigation was diagnosed with celiac disease, in addition to reviewing current clinical, nutrological, and therapeutic aspects of the disease
The use of assistance dogs in the detection of hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetes: a descriptive and comprehensive review
Get PDFIntroduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease of autoimmune and polygenic origin, characterized by the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and, consequently, the absence of insulin production. The treatment aims at imitating the physiological secretion of insulin in individuals without comorbidity, using insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia is defined as any event of abnormally low blood glucose, putting the person at potential risk. Tachycardia, tremors, pallor, cold sweating, lingual paresthesia, and blurred vision, possibly leading to coma, are its main signs and symptoms. The recognition of serious clinical conditions transmitted by both visual and olfactory signals can be understood and elaborated by the dog's cognitive system, allowing the rapid detection of a hypoglycemic episode and, thus, allowing adequate conduct before a serious episode. Objective: To analyze the advances, both in studies and in professional practices, in the use of assistance dogs to identify hypoglycemia in diabetics 1, as well as to seek to understand the consequences of unidentified and untreated hypoglycemia. Methods: The most relevant studies searched using the keywords "hypoglycemia AND diabetes", in addition to "diabetes alert dogs" in Google Scholar, were analyzed, with 4 corresponding to the objectives of the current research. Finally, pathology books and official documents from the Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Society of Diabetes were used to build a theoretical explanation. Results and Discussion: Dogs are conditioned to respond with specific alert behaviors, such as barking or licking, when levels of their owner's blood sugar levels are below the ideal range, as identified by the amount of isoprene released in the individual's breath. This attitude causes the patient to measure his plasma glucose level, helping him to carry out the appropriate measures to keep the levels back to normal. The hesitation of the occurrence of hypoglycemia causes some type 1 diabetic to contain their lifestyle to try to reduce the probability of the occurrence of a hypoglycemic episode, negatively affecting their quality of life and psychological well-being. In addition, they can intentionally maintain hyperglycemia to avoid a sudden drop in glucose, however, this practice results in late problems such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiopathy. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia is one of the main threats for people with diabetes, as it results in severe symptoms that can lead to coma if not treated quickly. Possibly, dogs perceive plasma glycemic variations using, in addition to the olfactory apparatus, perceptions captured through other senses, mainly vision, but the scarcity of studies carried out with dogs trained to support people with diabetes problems, mainly in Brazil, makes the efficiency of these animals to detect alterations of glucose in the blood remains debatable
Use of GLP-1 analogs in the treatment of obesity: an integrative and systematic review
Get PDFObesity is the global epidemic of the 21st century: about 1.5 billion adults worldwide are overweight, and among them, about 200 million men and 300 million women are obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is also increasing in children and adolescents in developed (about 25%) and developing countries (about 13%). Obesity has been associated with many comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and malignancies, leading to increased mortality observed in obese individuals. Overweight and obesity were estimated to be associated worldwide with 3.4 million deaths, which could also be expressed as 4% of disability-adjusted life-years lost (DALYs). It is also alarming that children with severe obesity are apparently at in- creased risk of premature death. Managing obesity is hard and usually disappointing for both patients and physicians. Weight loss is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to sustain in the long term. When lifestyle modifications fail to achieve the predefined target, anti-obesity medications may be added on, as recommended by all relevant guidelines, including those of the Endocrine Society and recent guidelines for obese with diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin secreted by L-cells in the intestinal mucosa and has been shown to act in the brain and periphery to cause effective weight loss. GLP-1 release is stimulated by food intake and its agonist, exenatide, is the first from the incretin family approved for weight-loss therapy by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In overweight and obese adults, it is concluded that the GLP-1 analogs and the Phentermine/Topiramate association proved to be among the best for the effects on weight reduction. Regarding childhood obesity, the FDA recently approved the use of Liraglutide. Schizophrenic patients, a target of studies due to risk factors, benefited from treatment with GLP-1 analogs
Major evidence of clinical studies on the triad gut microbiota, ubiquinone and physical exercise: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the scenario of sports practices, the human gut microbiota is currently the focus of convergent interest in many diseases and sports performance. Sports performance studies have also shown interesting and promising results. Supplementation with certain antioxidants such as ubiquinone [Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)] is important for physically active individuals to speed recovery from fatigue and prevent exercise damage. Objective: It was to demonstrate the influence of the gut microbiota and ubiquinone on the performance of athletes. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from September to November 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 104 articles were found. A total of 54 articles were evaluated and 27 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 13 studies with a high risk of bias and 27 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X 2 =97.2% >50%. The composition and activity of the gut microbiota are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as demonstrated by studies using models of training and hypoactivity. Supplementation with the antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 is important for physically active individuals to accelerate recovery from fatigue and prevent damage caused by exercise, in addition to optimizing training and improving sports performance. Clinical studies have shown that in physical fatigue concerning physical exercise, patients have low plasma concentrations of Coenzyme Q10
Major approaches to the mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: a concise systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Metabolic syndrome is the association of chronic diseases related to diet and physical activity. Also recognized as a complex entity that associates well-established cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, among others, with central fat deposition and insulin resistance. Currently, Metabolic Syndrome has gained disturbing dimensions within clinical practice, becoming one of the greatest challenges at the beginning of this century. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet recognized by the combination of a tasty palate and nutritional benefits, in addition to the culture of its link between health and longevity is a strategy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Although there is no consensus on the most adequate nutritional strategy to treat Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in a way that reduces cardiovascular risk, recent studies show the efficacy of adopting healthy lifestyles capable of reversing this trend. Objective: To address the role of diet in MS therapy, with a primary focus on the interaction of the benefits of different nutritional interventions in the remission of MS, contributing to the integration of the current evidence in the preexisting context. Methods: The model followed for the systematic review was PRISMA. The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, Science Direct Journals (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), and OneFile (Gale), from September to November 2022, with articles in the last years. Results and Conclusion: In light of the studies carried out in the research it was found that the Mediterranean diet has shown benefits in the secondary prevention of this syndrome, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. It is important to revitalize and apply this diet in the future in terms of preventive and therapeutic guidelines