International Journal of Nutrology
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Quality of life and psychological aspects for disabled people: an observational cross-sectional study
Full text linkIntroduction: Disability is used to describe a broad range of disabilities, activity constraints, or participation limitations, disability arises from the combine of health conditions with contextual factors–environmental and personal factors. Objective: This study aimed to assess Quality of life and psychological aspects for disabled people, and Find Out the Relationship between Quality of Life and Psychological Aspects with Demographical Characteristic and Find-Out the Correlation between Psychological Aspects with Quality of Life for disabled People. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted in two Rehabilitation Centers for Disabled and Physiotherapy at Hilla City/Babylon Province (Babylon Specialized center for medical rehabilitation, Babylon Center for Artificial Limbs and Medical Supports) during the period from September, 12, 2024 to April, 20, 2025. The study sample consisted of 155 physical disabled people who were selected according to the non-probability (convenience) sampling method. Data from interviews method were examined through both descriptive and inferential methods. statistics. Results: The research's findings are significant, revealing that 68.7% of participants' quality of life was moderate. with mean with mean 46.25 (Min- Max 23-69), and 56% had moderate psychological aspects (depression, anxiety and stress) with mean=57.56 (Min- Max 21 - 84). These findings underscore the importance of this research. Also, it was found highly significant statistical negative direction correlations between Psychological Aspects with Quality of Life for physical disabled People at p<0.05. Quality of life were also significantly associated with demographic variables such as age, income and type of disability at p˂0.05. Psychological aspects (depression, anxiety and stress) were linked to age, Occupation status and income at p˂0.05. Conclusion: The quality of life for individuals with disabilities was found to be moderate. The Depression Anxiety Stress (Psychological Aspects) with disabilities was found to be moderate. There were statistically significant negative direction relationships between Psychological Aspects with Quality of Life for physical disabled People. Accordingly, the study recommended to improve accessibility and support for individuals with physical disabilities by establish dedicated psychological therapy clinics within healthcare centers, specifically designed to provide mental health services to individuals with disabilities. Efforts should also be made to raise public awareness and foster greater acceptance and social inclusion of individuals with impairments
Major approaches to parenteral nutrology therapy in the intensive care unit: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: In the context of parenteral nutrition, critically ill patients are associated with a state of catabolic stress and a systemic inflammatory response. Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) have a prevalence of malnutrition greater than 35%. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review to list the main approaches to macro and micronutrients in parenteral therapy in intensive care units. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The research was carried out from June to July 2025 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 115 articles were found. A total of 45 articles were evaluated and 25 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 32 studies that did not meet GRADE. It was concluded that several clinical studies critically analyzed the evolution and changes that marked the development of parenteral nutrition in intensive care units. Standard solutions of crystalline amino acids, although devoid of side effects, remain incomplete about their composition (e.g., glutamine). Lipid emulsions have evolved a lot and are now included in bi- and tri-compartmented feeding bags, allowing true total parenteral nutrition, as long as daily micronutrients are prescribed. The question of exact individual energy, macro and micronutrient needs has not yet been resolved. Many complications attributed to total parenteral nutrition are the consequence of under- or overfeeding. The historical concept of hyperalimentation is the main cause, along with the use of fixed weight-based predictive equations (incorrect in 70% of critically ill patients)
Barriers encountered by nurses while caring of mechanically ventilated adult patients: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkIntroduction: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a critical and frequently used intervention in intensive care units (ICUs), with up to 70% of ICU patients requiring it. The rates of invasive mechanical ventilation range from 29.1% to nearly 90% in some studies, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with associated mortality rates exceeding 35% to 50%. Providing care for mechanically ventilated adult patients is a complex and high-risk nursing responsibility. Objective: This study aimed to identify the primary barriers encountered by nurses when caring for mechanically ventilated adult patients and to examine how these barriers relate to their demographic and professional characteristics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Respiratory Care Units (RCUs) of Kirkuk and Azadi Teaching Hospitals to identify barriers encountered by ICU nurses caring for mechanically ventilated adult patients. The study included 93 nurses with at least six months of RCU experience, recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Sample size adequacy was justified using a single-proportion formula at 95% confidence and 5% margin of error. Data were collected via a structured, self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, staffing/ workload, knowledge/training, equipment/ resources, and communication/emotional barriers, measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was validated by experts and piloted (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87). Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided informed consent with confidentiality ensured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of participants were female (62.4%) and aged 30–39 years (43.0%). The most prominent barriers identified were staffing shortages (mean = 4.2), lack of formal ventilator training (mean = 4.1), stress and burnout (mean = 4.1), and equipment shortages (mean = 3.9). Overall mean scores for staffing/workload, knowledge/training, equipment/resources, and communication/ emotional barriers were 3.77, 3.86, 3.71, and 3.82, respectively. No statistically significant relationships were observed between demographic variables and perceived barriers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: ICU nurses face multiple, interconnected barriers when caring for mechanically ventilated adult patients, including inadequate staffing, insufficient knowledge, limited availability of equipment, and work-related psychological stress. Organizational interventions such as improving staffing levels, providing formal training, ensuring resource availability, and supporting nurses’ well-being are essential to enhance the quality of patient care.
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Clinical evidence of the impact of periodontal diseases on metabolism, diabetes mellitus, and quality of life: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Central and South American countries was estimated at 27.4 million people and projected to reach 45 million by 2030. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there were 366 million people with the disease in 2011, with an expected number of 552 million by 2030. Periodontal disease is an inflammation (chronic or acute) that affects the supporting structures of the tooth and is influenced by certain local or systemic conditions. DM can contribute to the development of periodontal disease, reducing the quality of life. Objective: The aim was to present the main clinical evidence on the impact of periodontal diseases on metabolism, diabetes mellitus, and quality of life through a systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from September to October 2025 across the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: According to the GRADE instrument, most studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2=89.7%>50%. A total of 86 articles were found and submitted for eligibility analysis, with 16 final studies selected to compose the results of this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 11 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR2 standards. It was concluded that diabetes mellitus is a factor that aggravates periodontal disease, and affecting a high percentage of the population, it should receive special attention in the anamnesis performed by dentists, especially periodontists. The presence of bacterial plaque aggravates periodontal disease; oral health control can indeed reduce the amount of insulin needed by the patient. Periodontal treatment should be cautious and balanced, and it is fundamental that the periodontist is aware of the limitations, alterations, and disorders that the diabetic patient may present. Adults with type 2 diabetes have a high probability of developing periodontitis, and serum vitamin B6 may have a modulating effect on this association. Patients with type 2 diabetes who maintain a higher intake of vitamin B6 may experience potential benefits in reducing the risk of periodontitis
Major clinical and nutrological findings of the relationship among obesity, metabolic syndrome, and bariatric surgery in the process of hair loss: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: According to the World Obesity Atlas, overweight and obesity will affect nearly 3 billion adults (around 50%) by 2030. Bariatric surgery is an effective option for the treatment of obesity. However, nutritional deficiencies of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements can occur after bariatric surgery and are associated with hair loss (alopecia). Objective: It was to present the main clinical studies and meta-analyses on the relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and bariatric surgery in the process of hair loss (alopecia). Methods: The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Clinical studies and meta-analyses were included. The literature search process was conducted from July to August 2025 and developed based on Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, Ebsco, Scielo, and Google Scholar, covering scientific articles from various periods up to the present day. Results and Conclusion: Seven studies with 9,940 participants were selected to comprise this systematic review. According to the GRADE instrument, most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=92.7%>50%. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. It was concluded that hair loss related to obesity and post-bariatric surgery hair loss can have a significant impact on individuals, including emotional distress that should not be underestimated. Further investigation is needed on the relationship between obesity/bariatric surgery and hair loss. Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy alters the serum amino acid profile in obese patients, and the serum leucine concentration at 3 months post-operatively is an influential factor in post-operative alopecia. Hair loss is a frequent condition after vertical sleeve gastrectomy. In most cases, iron and zinc levels are within the normal range. The variable composed of the sum of zinc and iron is a good predictor of hair loss
Dyslipidemia among medical college students in Basrah: a cross-sectional study of patterns and risk factors
Full text linkIntroduction: Dyslipidemia is a well-known metabolic derangement closely associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized as an emerging health concern among young populations. Medical college students, due to lifestyle changes coupled with academic and social pressures, are at particular risk. The aim of this study is to assess the extent and pattern of dyslipidemia among medical college students at the University of Basrah, identifying possible preventable lifestyle behaviors and environmental risk factors. Patients and Methods: A total of 330 (241 male and 89 female) randomly selected apparently healthy medical college students were included in this cross-sectional study. Over- night fasting, lipid profile blood samples were collected. Dietary and behavioral information of the participants, in addition to demographic and anthropometric data, were recorded using structured questionnaires and direct measurements. All biochemical, anthropometric, and demographic data were collected and analyzed. Results: Out of a total number of 330 participants, 175 students (53%) were found to have at least one abnormal lipid profile. Low HDL-C was the most prevalent form of dyslipidemia among the studied population, representing around 46.97% fallowed by high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), which was found in 40.9% of subjects, while 37.88% have elevated triglycerides (TG) levels and 30% have high total cholesterol (TC) levels . These dyslipidemias were significantly more prevalent in males than females and in smokers than non-smokers. Analysis of demographic and anthropometric data showed that dyslipidemia was significantly more prevalent in participants from the faculty of Medicine and in those who were physically inactive, had unhealthy eating habits, and those with high waist circumference or a BMI value more than 25 kg/m2. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is a prevalent condition among medical college students. Risk factors that substantially contribute to dyslipidemia include male sex, smoking, junk food eating, central obesity, social stress, and physical inactivity
The importance of breastfeeding in bone development and oral health in children: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months or continued breastfeeding until 2 years or more. In addition to providing nutritional and immunological benefits, breastfeeding can aid in the development of breathing, swallowing, speech, chewing, and even help reduce early childhood caries. Objective: It was to present the main considerations of the importance of breastfeeding for children's oral health through a concise systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from October to December 2025 across the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: According to the GRADE instrument, most studies presented homogeneous results, with X2 = 80.4% > 50%. A total of 87 articles were found and submitted for eligibility analysis, with 12 final studies selected to compose the results of this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 12 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2 standards. It was concluded that breastfeeding contributes to bone and muscle growth, leading to facial harmony, correct positioning of teeth and tongue, and aiding breathing and speech. The sucking action the baby needs to perform during breastfeeding stimulates the development of the jawbones. The child also develops nasal breathing and tongue positioning. However, current studies show that prolonged breastfeeding, beyond 12 months, may increase the incidence of tooth decay
Nutritional aspects and waiting time for surgery in cobb angle worsening in young patients with scoliosis: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: The prevalence of scoliosis varies geographically and ethnically, and it is most frequently diagnosed in adolescence, typically between the ages of 10 and 18. The impact of the use of calcium and vitamin D in patients with idiopathic scoliosis appears to be promising, reducing the incidence and prevalence of cases. Studies on the natural progression of scoliosis indicate that untreated patients may experience significant worsening of the condition. Objective: It was to analyze the nutritional aspects and waiting time in Cobb Angle worsening in young patients with scoliosis. Methods: The PRISMA systematic review guidelines were followed. Randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, and retrospective studies were included in the analysis. The literature search was conducted from January to March 2026 and was based on Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, Ebsco, Scielo, and Google Scholar, covering scientific articles from various periods to the present. Results and Conclusion: A total of 119 articles were submitted to eligibility analysis, with 18 final studies selected with 3,778 participants selected for this systematic review (scoliosis and nutritional deficiency, n=07, and scoliosis, waiting times, and the progression of Cobb angle, n=11). According to the GRADE instrument, most studies for scoliosis and nutritional deficiency showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=77.1%>50%, and X2=68.4>50% for scoliosis, waiting times, and the progression of Cobb angle. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. Figures 2 and 3 present the results of the risk of bias of the studies with symmetrical behavior, suggesting a low risk of bias. It was concluded that patients undergoing scoliosis surgery experience prolonged waiting times, which may contribute to the progression of the deformity, including an increase in the Cobb angle. Strategies to reduce this waiting time may lead to improved clinical outcomes and fewer complications. Studies show that individuals on the waiting list for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery experience worsening of the spinal deformity, increased treatment costs, and may negatively impact patients' quality of life. Increased waiting times for surgery negatively impact the quality of life of scoliosis patients. The positive correlation between vitamin D and calcium, together with the negative correlation with the Cobb angle, is further proof that patients with idiopathic scoliosis should be regularly investigated for these pathologies
Comparative clinical outcomes and metabolomic considerations of the use of tirzepatide and retatrutide in the treatment of obesity: a systematic and umbrella review
Full text linkIntroduction: According to the World Obesity Atlas, overweight and obesity could affect approximately 50% of the world's adult population by 2030. Obesity treatment is complex and multidisciplinary. Pharmacological treatment with tirzepatide and retatrutide begins in secondary prevention to stop disease progression. Objective: To highlight the main clinical outcomes of tirzepatide and retatrutide in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities. Methods: The systematic review guidelines of the PRISMA platform were followed. The search was conducted from September to November 2025 in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 92 articles were found. A total of 29 articles were evaluated, and 14 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the overall assessment resulted in 18 studies with a high risk of bias and 20 studies that did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 = 86.5% > 50%. It was concluded that retatrutide offers superior efficacy in weight loss compared to tirzepatide and other GLP-1 analogs, but with a higher risk of adverse events. Dual agonists offer a favorable balance between efficacy and safety. Selecting personalized treatments based on patient characteristics is recommended. Available randomized clinical trials showed that, regarding weight loss, tirzepatide (15 mg) resulted in up to 17.8% weight loss at 72 weeks, semaglutide (2.4 mg) in up to 13.9% after 68 weeks, liraglutide (3.0 mg) in up to 5.8% after 26 weeks, and retatrutide (12 mg) produced the greatest weight loss, with 22.1% after 48 weeks. The main adverse effects of retatrutide were related to gastrointestinal events compared to tirzepatide
Creatine and body composition in individuals with obesity: a brief review
Full text linkObesity represents a global public health challenge, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, associated with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and sarcopenic obesity. Effective intervention requires body composition modulation, prioritizing fat mass loss and the preservation of Fat-Free Mass (FFM), which is essential for metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In this context, the present study, a Systematic Literature Review, aimed to analyze the impact of creatine (Cr) supplementation, combined with resistance training, on body composition modulation in individuals with obesity. The search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, filtering for high-quality studies (RCTs and Meta-Analyses) from the last ten years. Creatine was identified as a "gold standard" supplement with dual mechanisms of action: (1) energetic, optimizing the ATP-PCr system to increase strength and training intensity, and (2) anabolic, promoting cell volumization and positively influencing protein synthesis pathways (mTOR) to combat catabolism. Literature findings in clinical populations, such as sarcopenic elderly, suggest that creatine is promising in preserving FFM and increasing strength without inducing fat mass gain. It is concluded that creatine supplementation is a safe and effective adjunct strategy to enhance resistance training in individuals with obesity, optimizing body composition and improving metabolic and functional prognosis