International Journal of Nutrology
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Relationship between dietary factors and helicobacter pylori infection: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkIntroduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common bacterial infection linked to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Dietary habits may influence the acquisition, progression, and symptoms of this infection. In Palestine, the prevalence of H.pylori and dietary patterns raise public health concerns. This study explores the association between dietary factors and H. pylori infection severity in Palestine. Objectives: To assess the relationship between specific dietary practices and the prevalence and severity of H. pylori infection in Palestinian patients, aiming to inform preventive strategies and dietary management protocols. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024, involving 269 H. pylori patients. Participants completed an online semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) shared via social media. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, infection status, dietary intake, lifestyle factors, and medical history. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, χ²-tests, and Fisher’s exact tests, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the IRB of An-Najah National University, Palestine. Results: Significant associations were found between diet and H. pylori symptoms. Fast food consumption correlated with bloating and heartburn (p < 0.01). Low vegetable intake was linked to upper abdominal pain (p < 0.01). Energy drink consumption was associated with bloating and nausea (p < 0.01), and citrus intake with upper abdominal pain (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Certain dietary behaviors, including high fast food and low vegetable intake, may exacerbate H. pylori symptoms. Integrating dietary modifications into H. pylori treatment plans is recommended, especially in resource-limited settings
Randomized controlled clinical study on proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle adaptations to high-protein nutrition in post-bariatric surgery patients with obesity
No full textIntroduction: Bariatric surgery can cause complicated metabolic and physiological changes in some patients, leading to a significant amount of loss of lean mass. The preservation of skeletal muscle mass is important for metabolic health, functional performance, and long-term weight maintenance. Proteomics provides detailed information on muscle tissue molecular responses, but can be best utilized when coupled with intentional nutritional interventions such as high-protein diets. Objective: The intent of the present study was to examine skeletal muscle proteomic responses to bariatric surgery in obese males and females using a high-protein nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with obesity after bariatric surgery followed a standardized high-protein nutritional intervention (≥ 1.5g protein per kg per day). Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline (pre-treatment) and 12 weeks post-surgery. Muscle biopsies were taken, proteins extracted, digested, and analyzed by LC-MS-MS (label-free quantification). It used bioinformatic applications to perform differential quantitative analysis of protein expression, pathway enrichment, and functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins. Results and Conclusion: High protein nutrition resulted in upregulation of proteins associated with mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, and translation, while demonstrating downregulation of proteins representing catabolic and inflammatory pathways. Also, many of the proteomic adaptations identified were supportive of improved muscle remodelling (i.e., improved structural contractile proteins and regulators of protein synthesis). High protein nutritional support after bariatric intervention promotes advantageous skeletal muscle proteomic remodelling, which promotes retention of lean mass and recovery of metabolic status. The data also demonstrated that high-protein nutrition, after bariatric surgery, was associated with positive molecular adaptations
Childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review
Full text linkChildhood obesity holds great relevance in the global health panorama, being a problem that continues to rise. Such a condition is directly associated with metabolic disorders, triggering metabolic syndrome (MS), which results in several factors such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and an increased risk of other comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review aims to analyze factors such as prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and main risk factors, using scientific databases to select literature consistent with the proposed theme.
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Challenges to diabetes self-management among patients with type2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkIntroduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health problem, affecting more than 537 million adults worldwide, with projections reaching 783 million by 2045. Effective self-management is essential to prevent complications; however, patients often face multiple barriers. Objective: To assess the challenges of diabetes self-management among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kirkuk City, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of Kirkuk City, Iraq, to assess challenges in diabetes self-management among adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). A total of 336 patients were recruited using a convenience sampling technique, with sample size justified via standard formulas for population proportions at 95% confidence and 5% margin of error. Data were collected through a structured, validated, and reliable questionnaire covering demographics, clinical characteristics, and five domains of self-management (knowledge, medication adherence, diet, physical activity, and psychosocial challenges). Face-to-face interviews were conducted individually, with written informed consent obtained from all participants. Ethical approval was secured from the College of Nursing, Kirkuk University, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 51.9 ± 10.1 years, with females slightly predominating (52.4%). Overall knowledge of diabetes self-management was moderate (mean score = 3.46). Patients experienced moderate challenges related to medication adherence (mean = 2.94), dietary management (mean = 3.28), physical activity (mean = 3.15), and psychological and social factors (mean = 3.33). The most prominent barriers included dietary restrictions, lack of motivation for physical activity, medication costs, and psychological stress. Conclusion: Most participants were middle-aged to older adults, predominantly female and married, with moderate knowledge and self-management abilities. Challenges in medication adherence, lifestyle behaviors, and psychosocial aspects were evident and significantly associated with demographic factors, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.
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Oral administration of Bacillus acidophilus lactic acid bacteria and copper oxide nanoparticles to mice with induced diarrhea- causing serotype of E.coli in Samarra-Saladin -Iraq
Full text linkL. acidophilus bacteria are found in foods and are used in pharmaceuticals to supplement the natural gut flora associated with human digestive health. They also possess excellent therapeutic properties, attributed to their biological activity. These bacteria produce serotypes that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and adhere to epithelial cells, preventing intestinal pathogens from attaching to them through a process called competitive exclusion. In this study, L. acidophilus strains were isolated and identified from local yogurt, and the efficacy of the isolated strains' metabolites against the diarrheal serotype of Escherichia coli was investigated. Additionally, some L. acidophilus strains were examined for their probiotic properties. The research was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Biological Sciences and the Central Laboratories at Samarra University from September 1, 2025, to November 1, 2025. In this study, one of the L. acidophilus strains was obtained from lactic acid bacteria. The study results showed that the metabolites of the studied strains exhibited good inhibitory activity against the diarrheal serotype of E. coli. Regarding the probiotic assay, the results confirmed the ability of all strains to adhere to epithelial cells. The group treated with a combination of pathogenic bacteria and copper oxide nanoparticles (G2) showed a significantly higher level of IL-8 (9.78±3.45 pg/mL), which is considerably higher than G1, suggesting that the nanoparticles may have stimulated a level of inflammatory stress or an immune response. The control group (G3: pathogenic bacteria only) recorded the highest mean IL-8 (12.21 ± 3.09 pg/mL). In comparison, the presence of gut microbiota (G1) appeared to have a modulating effect on the IL-8 response to pathogenic infections, resulting in a marked decrease in its mean concentration (4.54±0.99 pg/mL) compared to the control group (G3) (p<0.05). Interestingly, the group treated with pathogenic bacteria and copper oxide nanoparticles (G2) exhibited an exceptionally high mean IL-6 (63.5 ± 22.28 pg/mL), significantly higher than the mean of both the control group (G3: 18.13 ± 9.49 pg/mL) and the gut microbiota group (G1: 9.52 ± 4.11 pg/mL). Copper oxide nanoparticles not only directly and effectively affect bacteria but also influence the host's immune system. The large increase in IL-6 may be due to the recognition of nanoparticles as foreign bodies, causing phagocytic cells to activate and release pro-inflammatory cytokines in an attempt to remove the particles
Prevalence of complications for type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients visiting the diabetes clinic at azadi teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as DM, is a chronic illness that can no longer develop or be transmitted as an epidemic. The research study aims to ascertain the frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus complications among patients attending the diabetes clinic of Azadi Teaching Hospital. Azadi Teaching Hospital Kirkuk City was conducted the cross-sectional descriptive research. Purposively sampling (non- probability) of 118 samples was done. A strong relationship was found in the current study between the length of diabetes and number of problems. Having a disease for a long period of time is linked with more hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease rates, with DM consequences being a particularly important one. More research involving more people will get more accurate results.
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Fecal microbiota transplantation in a post-bariatric patient with sibo: a clinical experience report
Full text linkBackground: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic intervention involving the transfer of gut microbiota from healthy donors to individuals with dysbiosis, with the aim of restoring microbial homeostasis. Its efficacy is well established for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. However, evidence supporting its use in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), particularly in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, remains limited. Studies report that the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ranges from 29% to 53%, depending on the duration of postoperative follow-up. This study reports a clinical experience addressing this gap. Objectives: It was to report the clinical experience of FMT in a post– Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patient with SIBO and to develop an institutional FMT protocol for future clinical application. Methods: This prospective, open-label clinical experience was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of a tertiary care hospital, Fundação Hospital Adriano Jorge (FHAJ), under number 2.475.214, Manaus, Brazil. Ten post-bariatric patients under outpatient follow-up were screened. All presented recurrent diarrhea for at least three months despite a minimum of three prior antibiotic treatments. Inclusion criteria included a positive breath test for SIBO, altered functional stool analysis, or confirmed Clostridioides difficile infection by fecal toxin assay. Potential donors, preferably first-degree relatives, underwent clinical assessment and laboratory screening. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from both donor and recipient, including 16S rRNA fecal microbiota sequencing (Bioma4me™), bioelectrical impedance analysis, and habitual dietary intake assessment. Recipient evaluations were performed at baseline (T0) and 90 days after FMT (T1). The primary outcome was sustained resolution of diarrhea for at least 90 days following the procedure. Results: Of the ten patients screened, one met all inclusion criteria and underwent FMT. The procedure consisted of a single administration of 150 mL of fecal suspension diluted in 0.9% saline, delivered enterally via a nasoenteric tube positioned endoscopically in the distal alimentary limb. The treated patient achieved complete remission of gastrointestinal symptoms, maintained for more than 90 days. Conclusions: This clinical experience supported the development of an institutional FMT protocol and suggests potential benefit of FMT in selected post-bariatric patients with refractory SIBO. Nevertheless, larger studies with longer follow-up are required to establish the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of FMT in this specific clinical setting. This study was funded by the Amazonas Research Foundation (FAPEAM).This clinical experience supported the development of an institutional FMT protocol and suggests potential benefit of FMT in selected post-bariatric patients with refractory SIBO. Nevertheless, larger studies with longer follow-up are required to establish the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of FMT in this specific clinical setting. This study was funded by the Amazonas Research Foundation (FAPEAM).
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Radiation safety in high-resolution computed tomography imaging: a detailed review of thyroid dose measurement techniques and protective strategies
Full text linkHigh-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides exceptional diagnostic precision but raises significant concerns about thyroid radiation exposure, given the gland’s high radiosensitivity and the increasing global burden of thyroid cancer. Approximately 560,000 new cases of thyroid cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, with a female-to-male incidence ratio of roughly 3:1 and the highest age-standardized rates in high-income regions. Ionizing radiation is a well-established risk factor, particularly in children and adolescents, where even low doses (<0.2 Gy) can increase lifetime cancer risk. This review critically evaluates methods for quantifying thyroid dose during HRCT, including direct approaches such as thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs), as well as indirect metrics like the computed tomography dose index (CTDI), dose– length product (DLP), and Monte Carlo simulations. Protective strategies are examined in detail, encompassing hardware-based measures (thyroid collars, bismuth shields), software and algorithmic solutions (automatic exposure control, iterative reconstruction), and imaging protocol optimization tailored to patient size, anatomy, and clinical need. Technological innovations, such as ultra-high-resolution CT and photon-counting detector CT, are discussed for their potential to reduce exposure without compromising diagnostic quality. The review also explores the influence of patient-specific factors, operator expertise, and cost–benefit considerations in implementing protective measures. Emphasis is placed on adhering to the “As Low as Reasonably Achievable” (ALARA) principle, ensuring that diagnostic accuracy is maintained while minimizing avoidable thyroid dose. Adoption of evidence-based protocols, accurate dosimetry, and continuous professional education is essential to enhance radiation safety in HRCT and reduce long-term thyroid health risks
Epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue following calorie-restricted diets in adults with obesity: a randomized controlled experimental trial
Full text linkObesity is a complex disease that is characterized by an unhealthy proportion of body fat and metabolic diseases. It has also been recently shown that epigenetics (e.g., DNA methylation, histone changes, and non-coding RNAs) must be considered in treating obese clients because epigenetics can manipulate adipocytes and energy metabolism. Calorie-restriction (CR) methods have already been known to yield iweight-loss effects. Recent studies have established that epigenetic modification in adipose tissue are central to CR intervention can initiate a more preferable remodelling of epigenetics in adipose tissue, in a way that will enable a change in metabolic state. The article recounts the effects of CR intervention on the adipose tissue epigenetics in obese adults, and as case illustrations of a clinical nutrology perspective. The recent studies gave significant results, such as coordinated alterations in obesity-related locus CR-induced methylation, histone acetylation, and changes in microRNA expression that result in better insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and lipid metabolism. It means that epigenetic markers can be considered as markers of dietary responsiveness that would allow individualized nutrition in the case of differences in responding to CR interventions, including potential confounders. These are just initiations to the incorporation of epigenetics into the nutrition sciences, and It consider CR not only as a calorie-limiting intervention but also as an intervention that can alter gene regulation. This will enable us to advance the nutrition practice in the future with precision nutrology, developing sustainable obesity management, and providing metabolic health in the long term
Major clinical approaches to palliative care and nutrology in dentistry: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Poor oral health is a common and neglected concern in palliative care (PC), negatively impacting patients' quality of life. There is a significant gap in the knowledge and practices of primary care physicians regarding oral health due to various barriers, with few documented support strategies in this area, as well as an information gap on the nutritional aspects that complement palliative practices in oral care. Objective: It was to carry out a concise systematic review in order to present the main clinical approaches to palliative care in dentistry, as well as showing the associated nutritional importance. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from December 2025 to January 2026 across the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: According to the GRADE instrument, most studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2=77.8%>50%. A total of 136 articles were found and submitted for eligibility analysis, with 12 final studies selected to compose the results of this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 33 studies with a high risk of bias and 26 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2 standards. It was concluded that early palliative care intervention can be effective in reducing psychological suffering and improving the quality of life of critically ill dental patients. Dentists can play a key role in linking tertiary and community care to promote patient well-being. Weight loss and impaired oral intake were associated with psychosocial distress affecting patients and caregivers. Future research is needed to explore the experiences of patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals regarding nutrition and to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative nutritional strategies