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Publicidad ingame en ciudades digitales: Un estudio en metacritic
Get PDFVideo games have in fact been the first recreational option for young people and not so young people for years, ahead of other traditionally more powerful ones such as cinema or music.This context has not gone unnoticed by brands, who have seen in the sector an interesting way of developing and promoting their brands. In this sense, video games whose action takes place in cities and urban areas in general are especially suitable for the development of promotional actions, given that the placement of advertising and other forms of in-game advertising results in a more natural and simple integration with the gaming experience than in video games of other themes.This work analyzes paradigmatic cases of urban advertising in video games such as Grand Theft Auto, Burnout Paradise, Bionic Comando, Fortnite and others.Los videojuegos conforman de hecho y desde hace años la primera opción lúdica en jóvenes y no tan jóvenes, por delante de otros tradicionalmente más potentes como el cine o la música. Ese contexto no ha pasado desapercibido por las marcas, que han visto en el sector una forma interesante de desarrollo y promoción de sus marcas. En tal sentido, los videojuegos cuya acción transcurre en ciudades y ámbito urbano en general son especialmente aptos para el desarrollo de acciones promocionales, dado que el emplazamiento de publicidad y otros modos de publicidad in-game resulta en una integración más natural y sencilla con la experiencia de juego que en videojuegos de otra temática. Este trabajo analiza casos paradigmáticos de publicidad de ámbito urbano en videojuegos como Grand Theft Auto, Burnout Paradise, Bionic Comando, Fortnite y otros
Les déterminants de structure de capital des compagnies marocaines d’assurances: Une estimation par la méthode des moments généralisés en système
Get PDFThis research seeks to answer the following question: what are the determinants of the capital structure of Moroccan insurance companies? To do so, we conducted an empirical study using original econometric techniques, notably the generalized moments estimator and statistical tests applied under the assumptions of homogeneity and stationarity of the variables used on a population composed of 17 Moroccan insurance companies, over the period 2011-2019. The results of our empirical model revealed that the rate of return has a significantly negative impact on the capital structure of Moroccan insurance companies. In contrast to profitability, the impact of tangibility is significantly positive. Based on the GMM results, the study showed an insignificant negative effect of growth on the capital structure of Moroccan insurers. As for size, liquidity and risk, these have a significantly positive impact on the leverage ratio, while the study found that the technical provisions variable has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the capital structure of Moroccan insurance companies. This study concludes that profitability, size, tangibility, liquidity and risk are determinants of the capital structure of Moroccan insurance companies.Ce travail de recherche, cherche à répondre à la question suivante : quels sont les déterminants de la structure de capital des compagnies marocaines d’assurances ? Pour se faire nous avons mené une étude empirique en utilisant des techniques économétriques originales, notamment l’estimateur des moments généralisés et des tests statistiques appliqués en fonction des hypothèses d’homogénéité et de stationnarité des variables utilisées sur une population composée de 17 compagnies d’assurances marocaines, au cours de la période 2011-2019. Les résultats de notre modèle empirique ont révélé que le taux de rentabilité significativement négatif sur la structure du capital des compagnies d’assurances marocaines. Contrairement à la rentabilité, l’impact de la tangibilité est significativement positif. Sur la base des résultats du GMM, l’étude a montré un effet négatif insignifiant de la croissance sur structure du capital des assureurs marocains. Pour ce qui est de la taille, de la liquidité et du risque, celles-ci ont un impact significativement positif sur le ratio d’endettement, tandis que l’étude a trouvé que la variable provisions techniques a un effet positif mais statistiquement non significatif sur la structure de capital des compagnies d’assurances marocaines. Cette étude conclut que la rentabilité, la taille, la tangibilité, la liquidité et le risque sont des déterminants de structure de capital des compagnies marocaines d’assurances
Abordagem média geométrica para medir o Índice Composto:
Get PDFComposite Index (CI) combines measures of indicators on economic, social, environmental variables, government initiatives, wellbeing of health, psychological, satisfaction of basic needs, social/cultural, etc. However, existing measures of CIs suffer from limitations. The paper proposes CI measure as geometric mean (GM), which avoids scaling and choosing of weights. It helps in better comparison of countries across time and space and satisfies desired properties like monotonically increasing continuous function, constant elasticity, identification of key areas, reduction of level of substitutability, formation of chain indices to show growth of CI of a country, and is less affected by outliers. The index with wide applicability can be used for ranking, classification of countries and facilitates computation of mean and variance of a sample of countries. In addition, the index satisfies time-reversal test, helps to identify the critical areas and find contribution of the component indicators, estimation of population parameters and testing statistical hypothesis. Separate indices for domains can be constructed by considering indicators relevant to a domain. Thus, it is an improvement over the existing methods. Future studies suggested.O Índice Composto (IC) combina medidas de indicadores sobre variáveis económicas, sociais, ambientais, iniciativas governamentais, bem-estar da saúde, psicológico, satisfação das necessidades básicas, social/cultural, etc. No entanto, as medidas existentes de IC sofrem de limitações. O presente documento propõe que a medida do IC seja a média geométrica (GM), que evita o escalonamento e a escolha de pesos. Esta medida ajuda a comparar melhor os países no tempo e no espaço e satisfaz as propriedades desejadas, como a função contínua monotonicamente crescente, a elasticidade constante, a identificação de áreas-chave, a redução do nível de substituibilidade, a formação de índices em cadeia para mostrar o crescimento do IC de um país e é menos afetada por valores atípicos. O índice, com ampla aplicabilidade, pode ser utilizado para a classificação de países e facilita o cálculo da média e da variância de uma amostra de países. Além disso, o índice satisfaz o teste de inversão temporal, ajuda a identificar as áreas críticas e a encontrar a contribuição dos indicadores componentes, a estimar os parâmetros populacionais e a testar hipóteses estatísticas. Podem ser construídos índices separados por domínios, considerando indicadores relevantes para um domínio. Trata-se, portanto, de uma melhoria em relação aos métodos existentes. Sugerem-se estudos futuros
Avaliação económica da segurança das barragens hidroelétricas: Evidências da França
Get PDFThis paper aims to develop an economic approach that enables electricity generation companies to analyze and quantify the economic gains of complicated activities particularly the safety of hydroelectric dams. The method is based on calculating the costs avoided due to the implementation of safety mechanism. The specification of this method is founded on a solid literature regarding the economic assessment of the monetary value of complicated services. The results of this paper highlight the importance and the significant influence of safety activities in reducing costs, reaching approximately 26 million Euros. The results also shed light on the importance of the safety device to fight fatal accidents and ensure public security.Cet article vise à développer une approche économique qui permet aux entreprises de production d'électricité d'analyser et de quantifier les gains économiques d'activités complexes, en particulier la sécurité des barrages hydroélectriques. La méthode est basée sur le calcul des coûts évités grâce à la mise en œuvre de mécanismes de sécurité. La spécification de cette méthode est fondée sur une solide littérature concernant l'évaluation économique de la valeur monétaire des services complexes. Les résultats de ce document soulignent l'importance et l'influence significative des activités de sécurité dans la réduction des coûts, qui atteignent environ 26 millions d'euros. Les résultats mettent également en lumière l'importance du dispositif de sécurité pour lutter contre les accidents mortels et garantir la sécurité publique.Este artigo visa desenvolver uma abordagem económica que permita às empresas de produção de eletricidade analisar e quantificar os ganhos económicos de atividades complicadas, particularmente a segurança de barragens hidroelétricas. O método baseia-se no cálculo dos custos evitados com a implementação de mecanismo de segurança. A especificação deste método baseia-se numa sólida literatura relativa à avaliação económica do valor monetário de serviços complicados. Os resultados deste artigo destacam a importância e a influência significativa das atividades de segurança na redução de custos, atingindo cerca de 26 milhões de euros. Os resultados também esclarecem a importância do dispositivo de segurança para combater acidentes fatais e garantir a segurança pública
Manoel de Barros: O poeta que visitou o inconsciente e que ficou por lá
Get PDFIn this essay we analyse some aspects that we believe connect literature (especially poetry) and psychoanalyses, beginning with the claim that these two fields of human knowlwdge present various commun aspects. Through this perspective, we highlight some characteristics of the lyric production of the brazilian poet Manoel de Barros (1916-2014), who we defend as an explorer of the language of the dreams and the unconsciousness.Neste artigo são analisados os aspectos que interrelacionam a literatura (especialmente a poesia) e psicanálise, partindo-se da hipótese que esses dois ramos do conhecimento humano apresentam vários aspectos em comum. Neste sentido, destacamos a obra do escritor brasileiro Manoel de Barros (1916-2014), que defendemos ser um poeta que apresenta características que o identificam como um explorador da linguagem dos sonhos e do inconsciente
Actitudes hacia el interés por la investigación científica : en estudiantes virtuales de una universidad privada de Paraguay
Get PDFThe objective of the study is to analyze the attitudes towards the interest in scientific research in virtual students of a private university in Paraguay. It was based on a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive approach. A total of 135 undergraduate students belonging to two majors were surveyed. The inclusion criteria were: to be active, enrolled in the Business Administration (BA) or Human Resources Management (HRM) career under the virtual modality during the 2022.1 period and with voluntary participation. The Scale of Attitudes towards Scientific Research by Portocarrero and De la Cruz was applied as a data collection instrument, which consisted of three dimensions and 34 items: D1 Attitude towards scientific training (13), D2 Attitude towards scientific interest (11) and D3 Attitude towards teachers and their role in scientific training (10), sent via email for convenience in 2022. The most relevant results were: equitable existence in terms of the general average of the three dimensions D1 (x̄=3, 57), D2 (x̄=3.60) and D3 (x̄=3.27). In addition, the same final weighting is obtained for the students of both majors (x̄=3.48). It is concluded that the BA and HRM participants have positive attitudes towards research.El objetivo del estudio es analizar las actitudes hacia el interés por la investigación científica en estudiantes virtuales de una universidad privada de Paraguay. Se basó en un enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal y descriptivo. Un total de 135 estudiantes de grado pertenecientes a dos carreras fueron encuestados. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estar activo, matriculado en la carrera de Administración de Empresas (ADM) o Gestión de Recursos Humanos (GRH) bajo la modalidad virtual durante el periodo 2022.1 y con participación voluntaria. Se aplicó la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Investigación Científica de Portocarrero y De la Cruz como instrumento de recolección de datos, que consistía en tres dimensiones y 34 ítems: D1 Actitud hacia la formación científica (13), D2 Actitud hacia el interés científico (11) y D3 Actitud hacia los docentes y su rol en la formación científica (10), enviada vía email por conveniencia en 2022. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: existencia equitativa en cuanto a la media general de las tres dimensiones D1 (x̄=3,57), D2 (x̄=3,60) y D3 (x̄=3,27). Además, la misma ponderación final se tiene para los estudiantes de ambas carreras (x̄=3,48). Se concluye que los participantes de ADM y GRH poseen actitudes positivas hacia la investigación
Efeitos da seleção algorítmica no gosto musical dos usuários do Spotify
Get PDFThis study addresses the potential impact of recommendation algorithms on Spotify users' musical tastes with the aim of understanding how algorithmic suggestions shape listening behaviors and preferences. A comprehensive review of the literature reveals that the presence of algorithms has contributed to reduced musical diversity and increased taste tautology among users. The results suggest that recommendation algorithms reinforce prior preferences, leading to the emergence of filter bubbles This algorithm-driven taste has obvious cultural implications and, with it, a large impact on the overall diversity of the musical experience. A qualitative methodology was used, consisting of a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA framework, identifying trends and key elements of existing studies. This study finds its limitations in the need for an additional quantitative study to delve deeper into the behavior of recommendation algorithms. Ultimately, this research underscores the need for greater awareness of the implications of music recommendation using algorithms in the digital age.Este estudio aborda el impacto potencial de los algoritmos de recomendación en los gustos musicales de los usuarios de Spotify, con el objetivo de comprender cómo las sugerencias algorítmicas moldean los comportamientos y preferencias de escucha. Una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura revela que la presencia de algoritmos ha contribuido a la reducción de la diversidad musical y al aumento de la tautología de gustos entre los usuarios. Los resultados sugieren que los algoritmos de recomendación refuerzan preferencias anteriores, contribuyendo a la creación de filter bubbles. Este gusto impulsado por algoritmos tiene implicaciones culturales evidentes y, con ello, un gran impacto en la diversidad general de la experiencia musical. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, compuesta por una revisión sistemática de la literatura basada en el protocolo PRISMA, identificando tendencias y elementos clave de los estudios existentes. Este estudio encuentra sus limitaciones en la necesidad de un estudio cuantitativo adicional para profundizar en la comprensión del comportamiento de los algoritmos de recomendación. En última instancia, esta investigación resalta la necesidad de una mayor concienciación sobre las implicaciones de la recomendación musical a través de algoritmos en la era digital.Este estudo aborda o impacto potencial dos algoritmos de recomendação nos gostos musicais dos usuários do Spotify, com o objetivo de compreender como as sugestões algorítmicas moldam os comportamentos e preferências de escuta. Uma revisão abrangente da literatura revela que a presença de algoritmos contribuiu para a redução da diversidade musical e o aumento da tautologia de gosto entre os usuários. Os resultados sugerem que os algoritmos de recomendação reforçam preferências anteriores, levando ao surgimento de filter bubbles. Esse gosto impulsionado por algoritmos tem implicações culturais evidentes e, com isso, um grande impacto na diversidade geral da experiência musical. Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, composta por uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada no protocolo PRISMA, identificando tendências e elementos-chave dos estudos existentes. Este estudo encontra suas limitações na necessidade de um estudo quantitativo adicional para aprofundar a compreensão do comportamento dos algoritmos de recomendação. Em última análise, esta pesquisa ressalta a necessidade de maior conscientização sobre as implicações da recomendação musical por meio de algoritmos na era digital
La Influencia del Marketing de Influencers en el Sector de Belleza: Estrategias, Impacto y Tendencias Futuras
Get PDFInfluencer marketing has gained relevance as an advertising strategy in the digital age. Emerging on platforms such as blogs and evolving into social networks such as Instagram, its value lies in the authenticity and recommending power of influencers.Different authors have postulated that influencers are perceived as opinion leaders, generating a significant impact on the purchasing decisions of their followers (Garg & Bakshi, 2024). Underlining the importance of parasocial interaction and perceived credibility. They also point out that the influencer's popularity and perceived uniqueness of the brand are crucial to the success of advertising campaigns (De Veirman, Cauberghe & Hudders, 2017).As for the results, the research shows that micro-influencers generate greater engagement than macro-influencers, thanks to the closer connection with their audience. The use of personal and emotional narratives in advertising content significantly increases engagement and impact on purchase intentions. However, the perception of authenticity and transparency remains a challenge.
The main findings of the study include that reels generate more dynamism and interaction than posts; personal stories and emotions increase interaction and impact; And authenticity is crucial to the trust and effectiveness of campaigns. Original and authentic content generates more interactions. The effectiveness of influencers depends on their proper selection, the authenticity of the content, and the transparency of collaborations. Although their direct impact on sales is limited, they are effective in increasing visibility and engagement for beauty brands on Instagram.El marketing de influencers se ha consolidado como estrategia clave en la era digital, destacando en plataformas como Instagram por su autenticidad y capacidad de recomendación. Los influencers son vistos como líderes de opinión que influyen significativamente en las decisiones de compra, gracias a la interacción parasocial y la credibilidad percibida. Además, la popularidad del influencer y la singularidad percibida de la marca son determinantes para el éxito de las campañas Este estudio busca analizar su efectividad, destacando factores clave como la percepción de autenticidad, el engagement generado y su impacto en las campañas publicitarias. La metodología utilizada revisa estudios previos y analiza campañas de influencers en Instagram, considerando métricas de interacción, formatos de contenido y estilos narrativos. También se comparó el rendimiento de micro y macroinfluencers en términos de engagement y conexión con su audiencia. La investigación muestra que los microinfluencers logran mayor engagement que los macroinfluencers debido a su conexión cercana con la audiencia. Narrativas personales y emocionales potencian la interacción y las intenciones de compra, aunque la autenticidad y transparencia continúan siendo desafíos clave. La autenticidad es esencial para construir confianza y asegurar la efectividad de las campañas por lo que la selección adecuada de influencers resulta crucial. Aunque su impacto directo en las ventas es limitado, los influencers son efectivos para incrementar la visibilidad y el engagement, especialmente en campañas de belleza en Instagram
Análise qualitativa da eficácia dos comités de auditoria e das funções de auditoria interna no sector público: o caso das instituições públicas em Marrocos
No full textThis article examines corporate governance and the performance of the audit committee, as well as the functions of internal audit in the public sector of an emerging economy such as Morocco. Both of these functions are crucial for corporate governance, ensuring optimal service delivery by local authorities, particularly public institutions. The study, based on stakeholder theory, qualitatively analyzes corporate governance and the effectiveness of audit committees and internal audit units in the Moroccan public sector.The results suggest good corporate governance with the presence of audit committees and internal audit functions in the public sector. However, the inefficiency of audit committees and internal audit units is highlighted, attributed to the lack of guidance, non-implementation of recommendations, and insufficient resources in the Moroccan public sector.To enhance performance, it is recommended that leaders take into account the findings of audit committees and internal audit units, endorsing and incorporating their conclusions into action plans implemented by management. Audit committees should strengthen their oversight of internal audit functions to ensure their effectiveness. The presence of effective audit committees and internal audit units in the public sector reflects competent and efficient utilization of resources for the benefit of all stakeholders.This article examines corporate governance and the performance of the audit committee, as well as the functions of internal audit in the public sector of an emerging economy such as Morocco. Both of these functions are crucial for corporate governance, ensuring optimal service delivery by local authorities, particularly public institutions. The study, based on stakeholder theory, qualitatively analyzes corporate governance and the effectiveness of audit committees and internal audit units in the Moroccan public sector.
The results suggest good corporate governance with the presence of audit committees and internal audit functions in the public sector. However, the inefficiency of audit committees and internal audit units is highlighted, attributed to the lack of guidance, non-implementation of recommendations, and insufficient resources in the Moroccan public sector.
To enhance performance, it is recommended that leaders take into account the findings of audit committees and internal audit units, endorsing and incorporating their conclusions into action plans implemented by management. Audit committees should strengthen their oversight of internal audit functions to ensure their effectiveness. The presence of effective audit committees and internal audit units in the public sector reflects competent and efficient utilization of resources for the benefit of all stakeholders.Cet article examine la gouvernance d'entreprise ainsi que la performance des comités d'audit et des fonctions d'audit interne dans le secteur public d'une économie émergente, tel que le Maroc. Ces deux fonctions jouent un rôle crucial dans la gouvernance d'entreprise en assurant une prestation de services optimale des collectivités territoriales, notamment des établissements publics. L'étude, fondée sur la théorie des parties prenantes, analyse qualitativement la gouvernance d'entreprise et l'efficacité des comités d'audit et des fonctions d'audit interne dans le secteur public marocain.Les résultats suggèrent une bonne gouvernance d'entreprise avec la présence de comités d'audit et de fonctions d'audit interne dans le secteur public. Cependant, l'inefficacité des comités d'audit et des fonctions d'audit interne est soulignée, attribuée à l'absence de conseils, à la non-mise en œuvre des recommandations, et à l'insuffisance des ressources dans le secteur public marocain.Pour améliorer les performances, il est recommandé que les dirigeants prennent en considération les conclusions des comités d'audit et des fonctions d'audit interne, les recommandent et intègrent leurs conclusions dans des plans d'action mis en œuvre par la direction. Les comités d'audit doivent renforcer leur surveillance des fonctions d'audit interne pour assurer leur efficacité. La présence de comités d'audit et d'fonctions d'audit interne performantes dans le secteur public témoigne d'une exploitation compétente et efficace des ressources au bénéfice de toutes les parties prenantesThis article examines corporate governance and the performance of the audit committee, as well as the functions of internal audit in the public sector of an emerging economy such as Morocco. Both of these functions are crucial for corporate governance, ensuring optimal service delivery by local authorities, particularly public institutions. The study, based on stakeholder theory, qualitatively analyzes corporate governance and the effectiveness of audit committees and internal audit units in the Moroccan public sector.
The results suggest good corporate governance with the presence of audit committees and internal audit functions in the public sector. However, the inefficiency of audit committees and internal audit units is highlighted, attributed to the lack of guidance, non-implementation of recommendations, and insufficient resources in the Moroccan public sector.
To enhance performance, it is recommended that leaders take into account the findings of audit committees and internal audit units, endorsing and incorporating their conclusions into action plans implemented by management. Audit committees should strengthen their oversight of internal audit functions to ensure their effectiveness. The presence of effective audit committees and internal audit units in the public sector reflects competent and efficient utilization of resources for the benefit of all stakeholders.Este artigo analisa a governação empresarial e o desempenho do comité de auditoria, bem como as funções da auditoria interna no sector público de uma economia emergente como Marrocos. Estas duas funções são cruciais para a governação empresarial, assegurando uma prestação de serviços óptima por parte das autoridades locais, em particular das instituições públicas. O estudo, baseado na teoria das partes interessadas, analisa qualitativamente a governação empresarial e a eficácia dos comités de auditoria e das unidades de auditoria interna no sector público marroquino.
Os resultados sugerem uma boa governação empresarial com a presença de comités de auditoria e funções de auditoria interna no sector público. No entanto, destaca-se a ineficácia dos comités de auditoria e das unidades de auditoria interna, atribuída à falta de orientação, à não aplicação das recomendações e à insuficiência de recursos no sector público marroquino.
Para melhorar o desempenho, recomenda-se que os dirigentes tenham em conta as conclusões dos comités de auditoria e das unidades de auditoria interna, aprovando e integrando as suas conclusões nos planos de ação implementados pela direção. Os comités de auditoria devem reforçar a sua supervisão das funções de auditoria interna para garantir a sua eficácia. A presença de comités de auditoria e de unidades de auditoria interna eficazes no sector público reflecte uma utilização competente e eficiente dos recursos em benefício de todas as partes interessadas
Control de gestión social para dirigir los resultados socioeconómicos: El caso de los hospitales públicos marroquíes en zonas rurales
Get PDFPublic hospitals in rural areas of Morocco present, in their daily organization, a series of significant dysfunctions. These establishments accumulate imperfections that obstruct their hospital performance, directly impacting the quality of care offered to patients. It is from this perspective that we will refer to the literature to address both the concepts of socio-economic management and dysfunctions, as well as socio-economic performance. By exploring these domains, we will seek to understand how interactions between organizational structures and individual behaviors can generate inefficiencies and hidden costs, thus hindering the overall performance of hospitals.The aim of this study is to propose some recommendations that can mitigate the consequences arising from these dysfunctions. By adopting an approach based on practical solutions adapted to the realities on the ground, we seek to improve operational efficiency and strengthen the quality of care provided in rural hospitals. Our recommendations will include strategies aimed at optimizing internal coordination and communication, modernizing equipment and infrastructure, developing continuous training programs, and promoting an organizational culture that fosters innovation and continuous improvement.Los hospitales públicos marroquíes en zonas rurales presentan, en su organización cotidiana, una serie de disfunciones significativas. Estos establecimientos acumulan imperfecciones que obstruyen su rendimiento hospitalario, impactando directamente en la calidad de los cuidados ofrecidos a los pacientes. Es en esta perspectiva que haremos referencia a la literatura para tratar tanto los conceptos del management socioeconómico y las disfunciones como el rendimiento socioeconómico. Al explorar estos dominios, buscaremos entender cómo las interacciones entre las estructuras organizacionales y los comportamientos de los individuos pueden generar ineficiencias y costos ocultos, obstaculizando así el rendimiento global de los hospitales.La vocación de este estudio es proponer algunas recomendaciones susceptibles de atenuar las consecuencias que se derivan de estas disfunciones. Adoptando un enfoque basado en soluciones prácticas y adaptadas a las realidades del terreno, buscamos mejorar la eficiencia operativa y reforzar la calidad de los cuidados proporcionados en los hospitales rurales. Nuestras recomendaciones incluirán estrategias dirigidas a optimizar la coordinación y la comunicación interna, modernizar los equipos e infraestructuras, desarrollar programas de formación continua y promover una cultura organizacional que favorezca la innovación y la mejora continua