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Sociedade Digital e Cultura Participativa: Nota Introdutória
No full textFrom a cyber-optimistic perspective, the notions of "digital society" and "participatory culture" have historically been used to extol the benefits of democratic, just and egalitarian civilizations. This compilation of articles is intended for anyone with academic or professional interests in media representations of digital society and participatory culture, as well as their consequences in a variety of international contexts. The studies included in this issue confirm that it is pertinent to adopt a cyberrealist perspective when discussing the revolutionary and emancipatory potential of participatory society to change the current landscape. Thus, by drawing on different theoretical concepts, focusing on diverse methods and responding to a wide range of research problems, the studies included here shape the nature and character of digital society and of the most contemporary participatory culture.Considerando una perspectiva ciberoptimista, las nociones de «sociedad digital» y «cultura participativa» se han usado históricamente con el objetivo de ensalzar las bondades de las civilizaciones democráticas, justas e igualitarias. Esta compilación de artículos está destinada a cualquier persona con intereses académicos o profesionales en las representaciones mediáticas de la sociedad digital y la cultura participativa, así como sus consecuencias en muy diversos contextos internacionales. Los estudios incluidos en este número confirman que es pertinente adoptar una perspectiva ciberrealista cuando debatimos sobre el potencial revolucionario y emancipador que tiene la sociedad participativa para cambiar el panorama actual. Así, al recurrir a diferentes conceptos teóricos, centrarse en diversos métodos y responder a un amplio abanico de problemas de investigación, los estudios aquí incluidos configuran la naturaleza y el carácter de la sociedad digital y de la cultura participativa más contemporánea
Códigos QR personalizados y creación de marca: un estudio etnográfico pospandemia
Get PDFQR codes, originally seen as an ephemeral fad with a certain aura of modernity, have undergone a remarkable transformation in their function, becoming a popular marketing and advertising tool, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The visual appearance of these codes and the ability to establish a meaningful connection with the brand being promoted are important factors that directly influence the public's willingness to scan. In order to shed light on the nature of this trend, this ethnographic study has revealed a limited degree of personalisation in QR codes. This limitation results in a missed opportunity to incorporate distinctive brand elements into the design of the codes, which would allow for more persuasive visual communication and a more harmonious and appealing aesthetic presentation.Los códigos QR, originalmente considerados como una moda efímera y con una cierta aura de modernidad, han experimentado una notable transformación en su función, convirtiéndose en una apreciada herramienta de marketing y publicidad, especialmente a raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19. La apariencia visual de estos códigos y la capacidad de establecer una conexión significativa con la marca que se promociona constituyen factores de relevancia que inciden directamente en la disposición del público a realizar el escaneo. En aras de arrojar luz sobre la naturaleza de esta tendencia, se ha llevado a cabo este estudio de carácter etnográfico, que ha puesto de manifiesto un grado limitado de personalización en los códigos QR. Esta limitación resulta en un desaprovechamiento de la oportunidad de incorporar elementos distintivos de la marca en el diseño de los códigos, que permitiría una comunicación visual más persuasiva y una presentación estética más armoniosa y atractiva
Índices de velocidade e potência de testes e itens
Get PDFA simple index is proposed to measure speed or power components of a test. The index is independent of position of the items and provides necessary and sufficient condition for pure speed test and pure power test and enables testing of statistical hypothesis to infer that the test can be taken as a speed test or a power test. Similar index of an item is also proposed to reflect whether the item is a speed item or a power item. The proposed index C is a ratio such that C = 0 ⟺Pure power test and C = 1⟺Pure speed test facilitating computation of similar index of each item and statistical test of significance. Properties of the index discussed. Operational method outlined to modify a test to speed or power test. Items can be ranked with respect to such item-wise index. Identification of power items and speed items help to modify the test to a speed or power test by deleting items in stages, if speediness (or power) is not intended. Relationship between index for the test and item-wise indices derived.É proposto um índice simples para medir a velocidade ou os componentes de potência de um teste. O índice é independente da posição dos itens e fornece condições necessárias e suficientes para o teste de velocidade pura e teste de potência pura e permite testar a hipótese estatística para inferir que o teste pode ser tomado como um teste de velocidade ou um teste de potência. Um índice semelhante de um item é também proposto para reflectir se o item é um item de velocidade ou um item de potência. O índice C proposto é um rácio tal que C = 0 ⟺Pure test de potência e C = 1⟺Pure test de velocidade facilitando o cálculo de índice semelhante de cada item e teste estatístico de significância. Propriedades do índice discutido. Método operacional delineado para modificar um teste de velocidade ou de potência. Os itens podem ser classificados em relação a esse índice por item. A identificação de itens de potência e itens de velocidade ajuda a modificar o teste para um teste de velocidade ou de potência, eliminando itens em fases, se a velocidade (ou potência) não estiver prevista. Relação entre o índice para o teste e os índices derivados do item
Responsabilidade Social, Família e Comunidade: Nota Introdutória
No full textReflecting on the family, aging, and the opportunities for personal and social development from the perspective of systemic thinking is an important study strategy in its multidimensionality. Starting from an assumption of respect for the diversity of actors in the social environment, of opportunities for the construction of a fair and solidary society in the search for the common good, there are many social issues that have emerged in the economic and social organization in recent decades. The different literacy rates and social asymmetries; the phenomenon of human aging; the perpetuation of power in certain social groups; socioeconomic and racial inequalities; multiple family configurations, among other factors.Understanding and thinking about 21st century society is necessary for a broad intervention in the face of new contexts. In this volume, we seek to contribute to the discussion and analysis of some of these complex issues, and that from this dialectic, new paths emerge to enrich the debate.Refletir a família, o envelhecimento e as oportunidades de desenvolvimento pessoal e social, sob o prisma do pensamento sistémico é uma importante estratégia de estudo na sua multidimensionalidade. Partindo de um pressuposto de respeito pela diversidade dos intervenientes no meio social, de oportunidades para a construção de uma sociedade justa e solidária na busca do bem comum, são muitas as questões sociais que emergem na organização económica e social nas últimas décadas. Os distintos índices de literacia e as assimetrias sociais; o fenómeno do envelhecimento humano; a perpetuação do poder em determinados grupos sociais; as desigualdades socioeconómicas e raciais; as múltiplas configurações da família, entre outros fatores. Compreender e pensar a sociedade do século XXI, mostra-se necessário para uma intervenção ampla perante os novos contextos. Procuramos neste volume, contribuir para a discussão e análise de algumas destas questões complexas e que dessa dialética, novos caminhos emerjam para enriquecer o debate
Utilisation du système d’information des ressources humaines (SIRH) dans l’entreprise: Cas d’un échantillon d’entreprises de la Région Souss-Massa au Maroc
Get PDFThe use of innovative tools in HRM is becoming more and more necessary to increase the efficiency of the HR function but also that of the organization. This is why today's organizations are increasingly resorting to the acquisition of HR solutions such as the human resources information system (HRIS). This tool, which often takes the form of an ERP or separate HR modules, is structured around administrative processes dedicated to keeping employee files, managing time and activities, payroll and benefits, etc., in order to focus on other HR activities with a higher value-added decision-making aspect such as GPEC, etc. The reason behind this study is to know the state of play in the use of the HRIS at the level of the Souss-Massa Region in Morocco. To do this, we have chosen to study a sample of companies in the private and semi-public sectors through a quantitative study based on a questionnaire which was carried out after seeing important aspects of previous studies on this subject. The survey concerned HR actors in these organizations. The main results of this research, mainly based on the CPA revealed that the HRIS is mainly focused on the traditional components such as payroll and benefits management, employee record keeping, time and activity management, recruitment and selection and monitoring and analysis of turnover.L’utilisation des outils innovants dans la GRH devient de plus en plus nécessaire pour augmenter l’efficacité de la fonction RH mais aussi celle de l’organisation. C’est pourquoi les organisations d’aujourd’hui recourent de plus en plus à l’acquisition des solutions RH telles que le système d’information des ressources humaines (SIRH). Cet outil, qui prenant souvent la forme d’un ERP ou des modules RH séparés, est articulé autour des processus à caractère administratif dédiés à la tenue des dossiers des employés, à la gestion des temps et des activités, à la paie et la gestion des avantages sociaux, etc., afin de se focaliser sur d’autres activités RH ayant un aspect décisionnel à plus forte valeur ajoutée comme la GPEC, etc. La raison derrière la présente étude est de connaitre l’état des lieux en matière d’utilisation du SIRH au niveau de la Région Souss-Massa au Maroc. Pour ce faire nous avons choisi d’étudier un échantillon d’entreprises relevant des secteurs privé et semi-public à travers une étude quantitative basée sur un questionnaire qui a été réalisé après avoir vu des aspects importants des études précédentes sur ce sujet. L’enquête a concerné les acteurs RH dans lesdites organisations. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche, principalement basées sur l’ACP ont révélé que le SIRH est principalement axé sur les composantes traditionnelles telles que la paie et la gestion des avantages sociaux, la tenue des dossiers des employés, la gestion des temps et des activités, le recrutement et sélection et le suivi et l’analyse du chiffre d'affaires
Os desafios da transformação digital das tecnologias de comunicação: O caso do VAR e dos erros humanos na época 2022-2023 da Primeira Liga inglesa
Get PDFThe implementation of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology in football has brought about significant changes to the game, particularly in terms of communication and decision-making. However, despite its intended benefits, human errors by VAR officials have been a recurring problem that has affected the accuracy and effectiveness of the system. This study aims to examine the challenges of digital transformation of communication technologies, specifically the case of VAR and human errors in the English Premier League (EPL) during the 2022/2023 season. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, two instances of VAR human errors were analysed to identify the type of errors, the player/team affected, and the consequences of the errors. The findings suggest that VAR human errors can have significant implications for the game, affecting the outcome and fairness of matches. The study highlights the importance of addressing human errors in VAR implementation in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the system and maintain the integrity of the game.L'implémentation de la technologie de l'assistant vidéo à l'arbitrage (VAR) dans le football a apporté des changements significatifs au jeu, en particulier en termes de communication et de prise de décision. Cependant, malgré ses avantages, les erreurs humaines commises par les arbitres de la VAR ont été un problème récurrent qui a affecté l'efficacité du système. Cette étude vise à examiner les défis de la transformation digitale des technologies de communication, en particulier le cas de la VAR et des erreurs humaines dans la Premier League anglaise (EPL) lors de la saison 2022/2023. En utilisant une approche d'analyse de contenu qualitative, deux cas d'erreurs humaines de la VAR ont été analysés pour identifier le type d'erreurs, l'équipe/joueur affecté et les conséquences de ces erreurs. Les résultats suggèrent que les erreurs humaines de la VAR peuvent avoir des implications significatives pour le jeu, affectant le résultat et l'équité des matches. L'étude souligne l'importance de traiter les erreurs humaines dans l'implémentation de la VAR afin d'améliorer l'exactitude du système et de maintenir l'intégrité du jeu.A implementação da tecnologia do árbitro assistente de vídeo (VAR) no futebol trouxe alterações significativas ao jogo, nomeadamente em termos de comunicação e de tomada de decisões. No entanto, apesar dos benefícios pretendidos, os erros humanos dos árbitros VAR têm sido um problema recorrente que tem afetado a precisão e a eficácia do sistema. Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar os desafios da transformação digital das tecnologias de comunicação, especificamente o caso do VAR e dos erros humanos na Premier League inglesa (EPL) durante a temporada 2022/2023. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa de análise de conteúdo, foram analisadas duas instâncias de erros humanos do VAR para identificar o tipo de erros, o jogador/equipa afetado/a e as consequências dos erros. As conclusões sugerem que os erros humanos do VAR podem ter implicações significativas para o jogo, afectando o resultado e a equidade dos jogos. O estudo salienta a importância de abordar os erros humanos na aplicação do VAR, a fim de melhorar a exatidão e a eficácia do sistema e manter a integridade do jogo
Estudo sobre a perceção da governação das atividades de investimento estrangeiro direto chinês na Nigéria
Get PDFThis study explores the governance perceptions of stakeholders regarding Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) activities in Nigeria. The aim is to gain insights into stakeholders' perspectives on various governance dimensions, including transparency and accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, participation and inclusiveness, the rule of law and legal frameworks, social and environmental impact, and stakeholder engagement. Thematic qualitative analysis is applied to the collected data to identify emerging themes and patterns in stakeholders' perceptions of Chinese FDI activities. By analyzing stakeholders' perspectives, this research provides valuable insights into the governance challenges and opportunities related to Chinese FDI in Nigeria.The findings include valuable insights into stakeholders' viewpoints, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of governance dynamics and areas of improvement in Chinese FDI activities in Nigeria. The findings enhance governance frameworks and promote sustainable and mutually beneficial relationships between China and Nigeria. The study contributes to the existing literature on governance perception and provides practical implications for enhancing governance practices and stakeholder engagement in Chinese FDI projects.Este estudo explora as percepções de governação das partes interessadas relativamente às actividades do Investimento Direto Estrangeiro (IDE) chinês na Nigéria. O objetivo é conhecer as perspectivas das partes interessadas sobre várias dimensões da governação, incluindo a transparência e a responsabilidade, a eficiência e a eficácia, a participação e a inclusão, o Estado de direito e os quadros jurídicos, o impacto social e ambiental e o envolvimento das partes interessadas. A análise qualitativa temática é aplicada aos dados recolhidos para identificar temas e padrões emergentes nas percepções das partes interessadas sobre as actividades de IDE chinesas. Ao analisar as perspectivas das partes interessadas, este estudo fornece informações valiosas sobre os desafios e as oportunidades de governação relacionados com o IDE chinês na Nigéria.As conclusões incluem informações valiosas sobre os pontos de vista das partes interessadas, permitindo uma compreensão abrangente da dinâmica da governação e das áreas de melhoria das actividades de IDE chinês na Nigéria. As conclusões reforçam os quadros de governação e promovem relações sustentáveis e mutuamente benéficas entre a China e a Nigéria. O estudo contribui para a literatura existente sobre a perceção da governação e fornece implicações práticas para melhorar as práticas de governação e o envolvimento das partes interessadas nos projectos de IDE chineses
La relation entre la dette extérieure et la croissance économique au Maroc: Investigation empirique
Get PDFThe relationship between the external public debt and the economic growth of countries has always been controversial. The purpose of this article is to analyze empirically the impact of the external public debt and the economic growth of Morocco in the period 1984 to 2021. In order to achieve that, a methodology based on a proposal of an empirical and theoretical literature review that treats this problem has been used on the first hand. On the other hand, an econometric analysis has been utilized to detect if there is a long-term growing relationship between the external debt and the Moroccan economic growth.La relation entre la dette publique extérieure et la croissance économique dans les pays a toujours fait l’objet de controverses et a fait couler beaucoup d’ancres. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser empiriquement l’impact de la dette extérieure publique sur la croissance économique au Maroc durant la période 1984-2021. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie axée en premier lieu, sur la proposition d’une revue de littérature à la fois théorique et empirique traitant cette problématique. Ensuite, on s’est basé sur une étude économétrique, et précisément une modélisation VAR en vue de détecter s’il y’a une relation croissante à long terme entre la dette extérieure et la croissance économique au Maroc
L’impact de la prise en charge des couches sémantiques sur la recherche d'information touristique : Cas des établissements et services touristiques digitalisés au Maroc
Get PDFTourism is an economic and a wealth-creating pillar that involves several volatile actors that are rich in dynamic, complex and heterogeneous information (Benckendorff et al., 2019). Therein, the continuous increase in the volume of information available on tourism offerings on the web has made user decision making a crucial task. As a result, the use of personalized and intelligent recommendation systems is essential for the satisfaction of tourism consumers (Grün et al., 2017). The objective of this article is to reveal the impact of the deployment of semantic techniques on the quality and accuracy of search results for tourism information, in the case of tourism in Morocco. This will be done through ontologies, which are a key component in the semantic web (Buhalis, 2020). To this end, we first presented the implementation of the semantic web and the use of ontologies in it. Then, we described the basic background of ontologies. Finally, we discussed the existing ontologies in the tourism domain in Morocco.The findings show that, the assumption of ontological conceptualization during the creation of digital content by tourism establishments, as a context-aware knowledge base, ensures the implementation of a semantic correspondence between users' preferences and the characteristics of tourism offers published, thus improving the quality and accuracy of the recommendations according to the user's context (Abbasi-Moud et al., 2022). Nevertheless, the evolution of tourism ontologies following changes in this sector is of major complexity. For this reason, the invention of an automatic approach, based on artificial intelligence techniques, NLP, Machine Learning or Deep Learning, can contribute to an evolutionary, reliable and easier maintenance of tourism ontologies, in the Moroccan context.Le tourisme est un pilier économique et créateur de richesse, impliquant plusieurs acteurs instables, riche en informations dynamiques, complexes et hétérogènes (Benckendorff et al., 2019). De ce fait, l'augmentation continue du volume d'informations sur les offres touristiques disponibles sur le web a rendu la prise de décision des utilisateurs une tâche cruciale. Par suite, l’utilisation des systèmes de recommandation personnalisés et intelligents est indispensable pour la satisfaction des consommateurs du tourisme (Grün et al., 2017). L’objectif de cet article est de montrer l’impact du déploiement des techniques sémantiques sur la qualité et la précision des résultats de la recherche des renseignements touristiques, cas du tourisme au Maroc. Cela à travers les ontologies, composante clé dans le web sémantique (Buhalis, 2020). Pour ce faire, nous avons présenté, d’abord, la mise en œuvre du web sémantique et l’utilisation des ontologies dans ce dernier. Ensuite, nous avons décrit le contexte fondamental des ontologies. Et enfin, nous avons discuté les ontologies existantes dans le domaine touristique au Maroc.Les résultats de cet article montrent que, la prise en charge de la conceptualisation ontologique lors de la création des contenus digitaux par les établissements touristiques, comme une base de connaissance consciente du contexte, assure la mise en place d’une correspondance sémantique entre les préférences des utilisateurs et les caractéristiques des offres touristiques publiées, ce qui permet d’améliorer la qualité et la précision des recommandations, selon le contexte de l’utilisateur (Abbasi-Moud et al., 2022). Néanmoins, l’évolution des ontologies du tourisme suite aux changements de ce secteur, est d’une complexité majeur. Pour cette raison, l’invention d’une approche automatique, à base des techniques de l’intelligence artificielle, TAL, Machine Learning ou Deep Learning, peut contribuer à une maintenance évolutive, fiable et plus aisée des ontologies du tourisme, dans le contexte marocain
Química e Saúde Pública: Elementos da História de uma relação fundamental
Get PDFChemistry has, since the end of the XVIIIth century, a central role, maintained nowadays, in the public health and well-being of humankind. Its major contribution is on food safety, which contributed to saving the lives of around a third of the human population. The treatment of tap water with chlorine contributed to saving from premature death around two hundred persons. Diseases such as typhoid fever, which killed kings, as D. Pedro V, and cholera, are now mainly memories. The antibiotics contributed to nearly eliminating syphilis and other infections. Tuberculosis and malaria almost disappeared in Europe, due in great part to chemistry. Also, asepsis, anesthesia, and the safety of blood transfusions and vaccines owe much to chemical contributions. Nowadays we are passing through a global pandemic crisis, but due to science, we can face the problems with hope. The main aim of the present work is to review the history of chemical contributions to public health and well-being, a subject that appears trivial and is seldom understood to all their extent.A química teve, a partir do final do século XVIII, um papel central, que se mantém na atualidade, na saúde pública e no bem-estar da humanidade. A sua maior contribuição é na segurança alimentar, que contribuiu para salvar as vidas de cerca de um terço da população humana. O tratamento da água de consumo com cloro contribuiu para salvar da morte prematura quase duzentos milhões de pessoas. Doenças como a febre tifoide, que mataram reis, como D. Pedro V, e a cólera, são hoje essencialmente memórias. Os antibióticos contribuíram para quase eliminar a sífilis e outras infeções. A tuberculose e a malária quase desapareceram na Europa, em boa parte devido à química. Também a assepsia, a anestesia e a segurança das transfusões de sangue e das vacinas devem muito a contribuições químicas. Atualmente, estamos a viver uma situação de pandemia global, mas devido, também à ciência, podemos enfrentar os problemas com esperança. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma revisão histórica das contribuições químicas para a saúde pública e bem-estar, algo que parecendo trivial, raramente é compreendido em toda a sua extensão