RevistaMultidisciplinar
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From Awareness to Conciliation: Education and Policy Coherence between Environmental Issues and Development Imperatives in Africa
Get PDFGiven the imperative for holistic development (e.g., economic, technology, infrastructure) and the well-being of African populations, this article examines the consequences of incoherent public policies in Africa. These incoherencies are further compounded by environmental and climatic constraints, which are frequently exacerbated by the ratification of international agreements that are incompatible with local priorities. International organizations and frameworks, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), advocate for the importance of sensitization and education as key strategies for addressing environmental and climate challenges. Despite the considerable potential of education, the awareness-raising strategy employed by numerous countries has been relatively ineffective in yielding tangible outcomes. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how an education program that prioritizes conciliation over awareness-raising can more effectively tackle Africa’s development challenges by fostering policy coherence between environmental sustainability and development imperatives. By diverging from the conventional awareness-raising models, this study presents a contextual and comprehensive approach that respects local particularities and is better aligned with addressing environmental and climate crisesDado o imperativo de um desenvolvimento holístico (económico, tecnológico, infraestrutural) e do bem-estar das populações africanas, este artigo analisa as consequências de políticas públicas incoerentes em África. Estas incoerências são ainda agravadas pelos constrangimentos ambientais e climáticos, frequentemente exacerbados pela ratificação de acordos internacionais incompatíveis com as prioridades locais. As organizações e os quadros internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) e a Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas (CQNUAC), defendem a importância da sensibilização e da educação como estratégias fundamentais para enfrentar os desafios ambientais e climáticos. Apesar do potencial considerável da educação, a estratégia de sensibilização empregue por muitos países tem sido relativamente ineficaz na obtenção de resultados tangíveis. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como um programa de educação que dá prioridade à conciliação em vez da sensibilização pode enfrentar mais eficazmente os desafios de desenvolvimento de África, promovendo a coerência política entre a sustentabilidade ambiental e os imperativos de desenvolvimento. Ao divergir dos modelos convencionais de consciencialização, este estudo apresenta uma abordagem contextual e abrangente que respeita as particularidades locais e está mais bem alinhada com a abordagem das crises ambientais e climáticas
Alfarerías femeninas en La Mancha: Las cantareras de La Mota
Get PDFWomen potters have been invisible throughout history and their work has always been subject to the orders of their husbands, who have generally controlled the economic activity derived from clay. The jug makers (“cantareras”) from Mota del Cuervo (Cuenca, Spain) are an example of this in the territory of La Mancha. Their work with clay was considered more as another of the household chores associated with women and less as a professional activity. And yet, they ingeniously developed a wide variety of pottery used to resolve some of those domestic chores connected to their gender, thus becoming representative of their society.Dentro de los centros alfareros femeninos en La Mancha, las Cantarerías de Mota del Cuervo (Cuenca, España) fue uno de los más importantes de la región, llenando de cacharrería utilitaria y sin vidriar (sobre todo cántaros y tinajas), a toda la zona centro-sur peninsular. La forma de extracción del barro, su poca preparación para el uso, el amasado por niños, la cocción en hornos comunitarios y la venta ambulante sin intermediarios, son aspectos importantes para tener en cuenta en este centro productor, cuya actividad alfarera fue durante siglos el principal motor económico del barrio. Pero si hay un aspecto singular es que son las mujeres cantareras las que se dedicaban de forma exclusiva a la elaboración de piezas siempre dentro de sus actividades domésticas, factor que va a determinar la situación personal, laboral y social de estas mujeres, además de la tipología de piezas que fueron capaces de desarrollar para satisfacer todas las actividades asociadas a su género
Harmoniser la Digitalisation et le Capital Humain : Défis et Opportunités pour le Marketing Hôtelier à l'Ère Numérique
No full textThis article explores the impact of digitalization on human capital and marketing strategies in the hotel sector in Marrakech. Based on semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, it first examines the challenges posed by integrating digital technologies, such as organizational adaptation and workforce skill development. It then highlights the opportunities offered by digitalization, including improved operational efficiency, enhanced customer experience, and the development of more targeted and interactive digital marketing strategies through data analytics. The findings underscore the need for an integrated approach that places human capital at the core of digitalization strategies to maximize benefits for the hotel sector. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical insights and practical recommendations for aligning digitalization with human capital in a localized context.Cet article explore l’impact de la digitalisation sur le capital humain et les stratégies marketing dans le secteur hôtelier, notamment à Marrakech. En se basant sur des entretiens semi directifs avec des professionnels du domaine, nous examinons comment les technologies numériques peuvent être harmonisées avec les compétences et le bien-être du personnel pour optimiser les pratiques marketing et accroître la compétitivité. L'étude révèle que la digitalisation est une force motrice pour améliorer l'efficacité opérationnelle et l'expérience client, nécessitant toutefois un développement continu des compétences du personnel pour naviguer avec succès dans cet environnement numérisé. En d’autres termes, on observe une évolution vers des stratégies marketing numériques plus ciblées et interactives, tirant parti de l’analyse de données pour personnaliser les offres et améliorer l’engagement client. Les résultats soulignent l'importance d'une approche intégrée, réunissant le capital humain au cœur de la stratégie de digitalisation, pour exploiter pleinement les avantages de la digitalisation dans le secteur hôtelier. Cette recherche contribue à la littérature existante en fournissant une analyse empirique de l'impact de la digitalisation sur le capital humain et les stratégies marketing, offrant des perspectives précieuses pour les praticiens et enrichissant notre compréhension de la digitalisation comme levier stratégique dans le secteur hôtelier
La alfarería femenina en La Mancha: Un curso de verano de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España
Get PDFThis monograph from RevistaMultidisciplinar (RMd) is the result of eight lectures given during the summer course and university extension program at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Women's Pottery in La Mancha, held on October 23 and 24, 2025, at the FORMMA Museum of La Mancha Pottery in Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real, Spain).El presente monográfico de la RevistaMultidisciplinar (RMd) es el resultado de las ocho ponencias impartidas en el curso de verano y extensión universitaria de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, la Alfarería femenina en La Mancha, desarrollado entre el 23 y el 24 de octubre de 2025 en el Museo FORMMA de la alfarería manchega de Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real, España)
Contribuição para o estudo de um arranjo de antenas Patch em U com substrato de cartão e microtira em óxido cuproso
Get PDFAn array with patch antennas on a paper substrate, duly tested, and the determination of the near electric and far magnetic fields are described.RésuméUn réseau d'antennes patch sur un substrat en papier, dûment testé, et la détermination des champs électriques proches et magnétiques lointains sont décrits.Descreve-se um arranjo com antenas Patch em substrato de papel devidamente experimentadas e a determinação dos campos elétrico próximo e magnético longínquo
Les Performance comparatives des systèmes de santé: Indicateurs clés et perspectives futures
Get PDFThe health sector has come to occupy an important place in public policies, a trend that has been reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the focal point of our work is to present and analyze various healthcare system models with a historical overview, approaches, and implications in order to provide insight into the functioning and different perspectives of each system. In this regard, it is essential to highlight the indicators and the approach to evaluating the performance of healthcare systems, as they provide solid baseline data for political discussions. Comparing healthcare systems remains a particularly important tool, illustrated by examples of rankings from internationally recognized institutions. In conclusion, we emphasize that international comparisons aim to facilitate decision-making for policymakers by studying the existing links between the various characteristics of healthcare systems in order to improve health outcomes and establish an effective healthcare system that meets.Le secteur de la santé vient à occuper une place importante dans les politiques publiques, cette tendance s'est renforcée avec la pandémie de Covide-19. Dans ce cadre, le point focal de notre travail c'est présenter et analyser des divers modèles de systèmes de santé avec une exposition Historique, Approches et Implications et ce, pour découvrir le fonctionnement et les différentes perspectives de chaque système. A ce titre, il est incontournable de mettre en exergue les indicateurs et l'approche d'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé, bien qu'ils fournissent des données de bases cohérentes pour les discussions politiques. La comparaison des systèmes de santé demeure un outil particulièrement important, dans ce cadre nous illustrant des exemples de classement émanant par des institutions internationales agréées. En guise de conclusion, nous soulignons que la comparaison internationale vise à faciliter la prise des décisions pour les autorités politiques et ce, par étudier les liens existants entre les diverses caractéristiques des systèmes de santé afin d'améliorer les résultats sanitaires et la mise d' un système de santé efficace qui répond aux attentes de la population
Les déterminants de la gouvernance dans le contexte de l’assurance maladie : Proposition d'un modèle conceptuel
Get PDFThis article explores the determinants of governance in the context of health insurance byproposing an integrated conceptual model. The governance of health insurance systems isessential to ensure efficiency, equity, and sustainability, particularly in a constantly evolvingenvironment. Based on an in-depth literature review, the study identifies three categories ofinfluential factors: systemic factors, organizational factors, and interactional factors. Systemicfactors notably include organizational culture, while organizational factors encompassdecision-making structures and policy consistency. Interactional factors focus on stakeholderparticipation, supervision, regulation, and access to information. The article proposeshypotheses regarding the positive influence of these factors on health insurance governance,thus paving the way for future empirical research. This conceptual framework aims to providea tool for analyzing and improving governance in health insurance, contributing to betterdecision-making for public policy managers and decision-makers.La gouvernance efficace des systèmes de l’assurance maladie est cruciale pour assurer l'accès équitable aux soins de santé et la viabilité financière des systèmes de santé. Cependant, les facteurs influençant cette gouvernance restent peu étudiés de manière systématique. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune en proposant un modèle conceptuel intégré des antécédents de la gouvernance dans le contexte de l’assurance maladie. À travers une revue approfondie de la littérature, trois catégories d'antécédents sont identifiées : systémiques, organisationnels et interactionnels. Sept propositions principales sont formulées, mettant en évidence l'influence positive de facteurs tels que la culture organisationnelle, la structure de prise de décision, la consistance et la stabilité, l'intervention des parties prenantes, la supervision et la régulation, ainsi que la transparence et l'accès à l'information sur la gouvernance de l’assurance maladie. Le modèle proposé offre un cadre théorique pour comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à une gouvernance efficace des systèmes de couverture maladie et ouvre la voie à des recherches empiriques futures. Les implications pour les décideurs politiques et les gestionnaires de systèmes de santé sont discutées, soulignant l'importance d'une approche holistique dans l'amélioration de la gouvernance des systèmes de l’assurance maladie
Climate Wars: : Pro-ecojustice Educators vs. Pro-capitalist Networks
Get PDFHumanity and much else on earth appear to be facing existential crises, like the climate emergency, and ongoing problems like cancer that may interact with other crises and create much worse polycrises. Although fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are involved in many such crises, many analysts suggest that ultimate blame—while invariably uncertain—should be mainly directed at capitalists. It is apparent, that financiers and corporations have been highly successful at assembling massive ‘teams’ (‘dispositifs’) of supporters—including numerous other living (e.g., politicians and STEM workers), nonliving (e.g., massive extraction machines) and symbolic (e.g., ‘efficiency’) entities into extensive and deep assemblages promoting values like competitiveness, individualism and costs externalisations. Their complexity seems to make them highly resistant to change. In this article, a pedagogical schema is described and defended (with examples) that may help generate more citizens willing and able to critique relationships among STEM and other societal members and environments (STEM-SE) and independently develop and implement well-researched and negotiated powerful actions to overcome STEM-SE harms of their concern. Among many factors affecting the schema’s successes, it seemed very helpful that the local curriculum was congruent, the teacher had more holistic and critical views about science, such as regarding its economic relations, and because the teacher agreed to directly teach students, with application activities, several possibly problematic STEM-SE relationships and sample possibly rectifying actions. STEM education schema like that, however, only seem broadly feasible with concerted community efforts to build more global ecojustice dispositifs.A humanidade e muitas outras pessoas na Terra parecem estar a enfrentar crises existenciais, como a emergência climática, e problemas contínuos, como o cancro, que podem interagir com outras crises e criar poli crises muito piores. Embora os domínios da ciência, tecnologia, engenharia e matemática (STEM) estejam envolvidos em muitas dessas crises, muitos analistas sugerem que a culpa final - embora invariavelmente incerta - deve ser principalmente atribuída aos capitalistas. É evidente que os financiadores e as empresas têm sido muito bem--sucedidos na montagem de “equipas” (‘dispositivos’) maciças de apoiantes - incluindo numerosas outras entidades vivas (por exemplo, políticos e trabalhadores das STEM), não vivas (por exemplo, máquinas de extração maciças) e simbólicas (por exemplo, “eficiência”) - em conjuntos extensos e profundos que promovem valores como a competitividade, o individualismo e a externalização dos custos. A sua complexidade parece torná-los altamente resistentes à mudança. Neste artigo, descreve-se e defende-se (com exemplos) um esquema pedagógico que pode ajudar a gerar mais cidadãos dispostos e capazes de criticar as relações entre as STEM e outros membros e ambientes sociais (STEM-SE) e de desenvolver e implementar de forma independente ações poderosas, bem estudadas e negociadas, para superar os danos das STEM-SE que os preocupam. Entre os muitos fatores que afetaram o sucesso do esquema, pareceu muito útil que o currículo local fosse congruente, que o professor tivesse visões mais holísticas e críticas sobre a ciência, nomeadamente no que diz respeito às suas relações económicas, e porque o professor concordou em ensinar diretamente aos alunos, com atividades de aplicação, várias relações STEM-SE possivelmente problemáticas e exemplos de ações possivelmente retificadoras. Um esquema de ensino STEM como este, no entanto, só parece amplamente viável com esforços concertados da comunidade para construir diapositivos de eco justiça mais globais
Medidas de qualidade de vida relacionadas à saúde normalmente distribuídas
Get PDFBackground: Non-normal distributions of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measures violate basic assumption of parametric statistical analysis. Testing normality of the data is a pre-requisite for selection of statistical tests and techniques. Different methods of testing normality give contrasting results.Objective: Avoiding the problems of discrepancies of tests of normality, the paper describes methods of transforming ordinal item scores of HRQoL tools to equidistant scores facilitating meaningful addition and further linear transform to proposed scores which can be added to get dimension scores and test scores, each following normal distribution, parameters of which can be estimated from the data.Results: Distribution of HRQoL scores as convolution of normally distributed item scores facilitates meaningful arithmetic aggregation and provides platform to perform parametric analysis with desired properties like plotting of progress/decline of HRQoL across time, statistical test of hypothesis, identification of critical indicators, finding equivalent scores of two or more HRQoL tools, etc.Conclusions: The proposed methods of HRQoL scores with normality and wide application areas with better measures of reliability, validity in terms of largest eigenvalue is recommendedAntecedentes: Distribuições não normais de medidas de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) violam pressupostos básicos da análise estatística paramétrica. Testar a normalidade dos dados é um pré-requisito para a seleção de testes e técnicas estatísticas. Diferentes métodos de teste de normalidade fornecem resultados contrastantes. Objetivo: Evitando os problemas de discrepâncias de testes de normalidade, o artigo descreve métodos para transformar pontuações de itens ordinais de ferramentas de QVRS em pontuações equidistantes, facilitando a adição significativa e posterior transformação linear às pontuações propostas que podem ser adicionadas para obter pontuações de dimensão e pontuações de testes, cada uma seguindo distribuição normal, cujos parâmetros podem ser estimados a partir dos dados.Resultados: A distribuição das pontuações de QVRS como convolução de pontuações de itens normalmente distribuídas facilita a agregação aritmética significativa e fornece plataforma para realizar análises paramétricas com propriedades desejadas, como plotagem de progresso/declínio de QVRS ao longo do tempo, teste estatístico de hipótese, identificação de indicadores críticos, encontrar equivalentes pontuações de duas ou mais ferramentas de QVRS, etc.Conclusões: Os métodos propostos de escores de QVRS com normalidade e amplas áreas de aplicação com melhores medidas de confiabilidade, recomendam validade em termos de maior autovalor
L’évaluation de la performance: Quels indicateurs pour le système de santé au Maroc ?
Get PDFThis article provides an assessment of the performance of the Moroccan healthcare system by outlining its current state and the methodology used to measure its performance. Based on key indicators and recent data, it highlights the structural and organizational challenges faced by the system, particularly regional disparities in access to care, shortages of human and material resources, as well as constraints related to funding and governance.The article also emphasizes the limitations of the current tools for measuring and monitoring healthcare performance, which complicates the identification of priority needs and the development of appropriate solutions. Furthermore, it highlights the need to improve transparency, strengthen data collection and analysis capabilities, and align performance indicators with international standards to facilitate comparisons and benefit from best practices. Drawing on successful experiences from other countries, the analysis proposes areas for improvement for Morocco, such as adopting an intersectoral approach, increasing the involvement of local stakeholders, and implementing more robust health information systems. These proposals aim to promote efficient and equitable resource management while meeting the population's expectations in terms of the quality and accessibility of care.L'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé est un élément essentiel pour pouvoir assurer une prestation efficace et équitable dans les prestations de soins de santé. Dans ce cadre, les indicateurs de performance jouent un rôle crucial en permettant de mesurer les résultats des politiques de santé et d'orienter les réformes nécessaires.Cet article se penche sur les indicateurs de performance appliqués au système de santé marocain et propose une étude comparative avec d'autres systèmes de santé internationaux. En s'appuyant sur des indicateurs clés et des données récentes, il met en lumière les défis structurels et organisationnels auxquels le système est confronté, notamment les disparités régionales dans l'accès aux soins, l'insuffisance des ressources humaines et matérielles, ainsi que les contraintes liées au financement et à la gouvernance. L'article souligne également les limites des outils actuels de mesure et de suivi des performances en santé, ce qui complique l’identification des besoins prioritaires et l’élaboration de solutions adaptées. Par ailleurs, il met en évidence la nécessité d'améliorer la transparence, de renforcer les capacités de collecte et d’analyse des données, et d’aligner les indicateurs de performance sur les normes internationales pour faciliter les comparaisons et bénéficier des meilleures pratiques. En s’inspirant des expériences réussies dans d’autres pays, l’analyse propose des pistes d’amélioration pour le Maroc, telles que l’adoption d’une approche intersectorielle, l’implication accrue des acteurs locaux, et la mise en place de systèmes d’information sanitaire plus robustes. Ces propositions visent à promouvoir une gestion efficace et équitable des ressources tout en répondant aux attentes des populations en matière de qualité et d’accessibilité des soins