Journals Portal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
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An Exophytic Mass of the Lower Labial Mucosa: An Exophytic Mass of the Lower Labial Mucosa
No full textLichenoid and Granulomatous Stomatitis Diagnosis and Treatment: Report of Three Cases
Get PDFObjective(s): Lichenoid and granulomatous stomatitis (LGS) is a rare inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa that clinically mimics oral lichen planus, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case: This report described three cases of LGS in adults aged 55–63, each presenting with persistent burning sensations and chronic ulcers of the upper labial mucosa. Histopathologic evaluation in all cases revealed features consistent with lichenoid and granulomatous inflammation. Despite initial misdiagnosis and ineffective corticosteroid treatment, all patients showed marked improvement with chlorhexidine mouthwash. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis of LGS is essential due to its resistance to standard corticosteroid therapies commonly used for similar lesions. Chlorhexidine may be an effective alternative, and early histopathological confirmation is recommended for proper management
Advantages and Disadvantages of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Get PDFNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been a standard treatment in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), especially for cisplatin-eligible patients. However, its widespread adoption is hampered by unresolved controversies. Various systematic reviews and meta-analyses support the role of NAC in improving survival. While in a meta-analysis published by Li G and colleagues in 2017, no difference in Overall Survival (OS) was observed between the group receiving NAC and the group that did not receive NAC (1). In addition to its advantages, it is necessary to examine its possible disadvantages and challenges
The Link between Human Papillomavirus and Prostate Cancer; A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFProstate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality in men globally. Age, genetic predisposition, and inflammation are the major risk factors. Increasing evidence suggests that oncogenic viruses, HPV types 16/18, could be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. This review critically examines the potential association between HPV infection and prostate cancer, including both molecular mechanisms and epidemiological evidence. We conducted a narrative literature review by systematically searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for papers published from 2013 to 2025. We used search terms such as prostate cancer, HPV, oncogenic viruses, and viral carcinogenesis. We reviewed several peer-reviewed papers that involved molecular information, clinical documentation, and meta-analytic data. The evidence reports HPV DNA in 15-36% of PCa tissues, the most common being HPV-16/18. Mechanistically, HPV proteins (E6/E7) inactivate central tumor suppressors (p53, Rb), activate anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, survivin), and induce changes associated with cancer onset (through N-cadherin/TWIST), as observed in HPV-positive anogenital cancers. Genomic signatures reveal that HPV-positive PCa has characteristic patterns of mutation (e.g., KMT2C/D disruption). Nonetheless, heterogeneity across HPV detection assays and small sample sizes in a few studies call for cautious interpretation.
Today, we have data suggesting that HPV may cause PCa, possibly through inflammation (NF-κB) and unstable genes; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We require large trials in many centers and additional screens to determine the role of HPV in this. As we can prevent HPV, these findings suggest that HPV vaccines could be of critical importance in preventing PCa. We must find out more
بررسی عوارض جانبی به دنبال واکسن کوید-19 : مطالعه مروری
No full textهمهگیری بیماری کووید-19 نیاز فوری به توسعه واکسن را برانگیخت که در این میان نگرانیها در مورد اثرات نامطلوب واکسنها قابل بحث میباشد. این مطالعه تجزیه و تحلیل جامعی از عوارض جانبی واکسنهای کووید-19 انجام داده است.
در این مطالعه مروری جهت یافتن مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژههای مرتبط با موضوع ("adverse effect*"[ti] OR complication[tiab] OR safety[ti]) AND (covid-19[ti] OR sars-cov-2[ti]) AND vaccin*[ti] در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی Google Scholar، Web of Science ،PubMed ، Scopus از ژانویه 2021 تا دسامبر 2023 مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. از 1720 مقاله به دست آمده، از مجموع 90 مطالعه مرتبطی که به دنبال تزریق واکسن کووید-19 عوارض جانبی را گزارش کرده بودند، 15 مقاله منتخب که در خصوص عوارض و امنیت واکسنهای کووید به بحث و بررسی پرداخته بودند، انتخاب و مورد بررسی جامع مروری قرار گرفتند. در کشورهای مختلف، رویدادهای نامطلوب به دنبال تزریق واکسن، به روشهای مختلفی همچون ویزیتهای حضوری تا روشهای مبتنی بر پلتفرم و اطلاع رسانی از طریق تلفن یا سامانههای مبتنی بر وب ثبت شده است. عوارض واکسن به دو دسته اصلی غیرجدی و جدی و از لحاظ شدت به خفیف، متوسط و شدید تقسیمبندی شده است. عوارض مرتبط غیر جدی معمولا تب خفیف و علائم موضعی بوده است. عوارض شدید در چندین گروه اصلی گروه شامل عوارض انعقادی، عصبی، قلبی عروقی، عروقی مغزی و سایر عوارض طبقه بندی شدند. بروز عوارض جدی مرتبط با واکسیناسیون شامل فوت و بستری در بیمارستان میباشد. عوارض جانبی واکسیناسیون کووید-19 عمدتا خفیف و گذرا بوده، در حالی که بروز عوارض جدی به طور استثنایی نادر بوده است. این یافتهها نقش حیاتی واکسیناسیون را در حفاظت از سلامت عمومی جهانی در نبرد مداوم علیه این بیماری همهگیر تقویت میکند و کارآیی واکسنها را در نجات زندگی برجسته میکند
Predicting mental health in people with multiple sclerosis through Attachment style, pain experience, and coping strategies
No full textObjective: This study aimed to predict mental health through Attachment style, the experience of pain, and coping strategies in MS patients of the Iranian MS association.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional Study. It was conducted using the available Sampling method over 345 MS patients of the Iranian MS association. After obtaining informed consent, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2), Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), and Coping Inventory for stressful situations short form (CISS-SF) responded. Used statistical methods, including Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression, were used for data analysis software were used SPSS24.
Results: Mental health has a positive and significant relationship (sig=0.00 t=7.1 β=0.30) and plays a significant role in predicting mental health. Also, coping strategy (sig=0.03 t=2.1 β=0.90) and pain experience (sig=0.00 t=11.3 β=0.48) significantly predicted mental health in people with MS.
Conclusion: These results suggested that mental health can predicting through attachment style, pain experience, and coping strategies
High Succinate peak in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Diagnostic Clue for the Leukoencephalopathy Result from Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficiencies: Leukoencephalopathy result from SDH deficiencies
No full textThe Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme is known as Complex-II in the electron transport chain. This study reports the clinical and molecular investigations of three pediatric patients (two of whom are siblings), with histochemical and biochemical evidence of a severe, isolated complex II deficiency due to SDH gene mutations. The patients presented with severe hypotonia, developmental delay, spasticity, macrocephaly, and megalencephaly. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed signal changes in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital cerebral, and cerebellar white matter, corpus striatum, thalamus, substantia nigra, inferior olivary nucleus, pyramidal tracts at the level of the pons and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Other typical findings involved a high succinate peak at 2.42 ppm and lactate peak at 1.3 ppm in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). The siblings presented due to compound heterozygous c.143A>T (p. Asp48Val) and c.308T>C (p. Met103Thr) SDHB mutations, while the other patient presented due to compound heterozygous c.1754G>A (p. Arg585Gln) and c.1786G>C (p. Asp596His) SDHA mutation. The demonstration of succinate peak, particularly MRS, is highly diagnostic regarding SDH deficiency. MRS should be a standard part of routine radiological exams when there is a suspicion of a neurometabolic disease, especially mitochondrial disorders. Additionally, employing Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is advisable for patients as it allows for accurate diagnosis without requiring invasive procedures like muscle biopsie
A Comprehensive Methodological Review of Major Developments in Bioinformatics Pipelines for Transcriptomic Data Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Recent advances in transcriptomics have provided new insights to analyze a wide range of biological data. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a common method used to study the complete set of RNA molecules (the transcriptome) in different cell types, genetic backgrounds, and environments. While many computational tools exist for analyzing large RNA-Seq datasets, there is still a need to thoroughly compare methods used to separate mixed cell populations (deconvolution).
Materials and Methods: This review highlights recent software and database improvements for processing RNA-Seq data, including steps like matching sequences to the genome, reconstructing RNA molecules, and measuring RNA abundance.
Results: We examine how well different methods work under various experimental conditions and discuss important factors such as data quality, sequence alignment, data visualization, identifying gene expression differences, and data standardization. A novel approach is also introduced: an ensemble learning-based deconvolution method combining multiple techniques to improve accuracy, mitigate data contamination, and reduce errors. Our findings provide valuable guidance for using omics tools effectively and developing better analysis methods. This review offers detailed instructions for planning and evaluating Illumina sequencing experiments.
Conclusion: We cover basic concepts, RNA-Seq analysis steps, computational workflows, and potential difficulties
Relationship Between Corpus Callusom Index and Clinical Subtypes, Severity of Cognitive Disorders, and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Get PDFBackground: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial to determine the prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The use of simple and accessible techniques that can be used for examining and managing the cognitive status and disability of patients with MS is one of the important concerns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between corpus callosum index in brain MRI and clinical subgroups of MS, severity of cognitive disorders, and disability in multiple sclerosis.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between CCI and clinical subgroups of MS, the severity of cognitive disorders, and disability in patients with MS referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in 2020. The maximum length of the corpus callosum (anterior, posterior diameter) was measured, and the height of the corpus callosum was measured on a line perpendicular to its long axis. Corpus callosum index (CCI), symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were assessed in patients. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: A total of 85 patients with a mean age of 40.73 ± 8.45 years were assessed, and 65.9% were women. The CCI value was significantly lower in women (P-value: 0.001). The mean value of EDSS in all participants was 2.64±2.49. There was a statistically significant difference between the different subgroups of MS with the EDSS score, age of disease onset, SDMT score, CCI index, and mean disease duration (all P-values<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the CCI index and age (P:0.02, r:-0.24), duration of the disease (P:0.001, r:-0.38), EDSS (P:0.001, r:-0.71), while the correlation between SDMT and CCI was positive (P:0.001, r:0.67).
Conclusion: CCI is a quick and cost-beneficial parameter to evaluate cognitive disorders and disability in patients with MS
Subcutaneous Infection Resulting From the Migration of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Into the Angular Vein
Get PDFBackground: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) migration into smaller veins is rare, often recognized only when catheter dysfunction occurs or associated clinical complications manifest. This study aims to highlight subcutaneous tissue infections as an unusual complication of PICC migration in newborns.Case Presentation: We report a case of a newborn male who experienced PICC migration into the angular vein after a prior successful repositioning. Factors contributing to this migration include anatomical variations in the venous system, left-sided catheter insertion, the need for mechanical ventilation due to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and the potential influence of using a 2 Fr diameter PICC line.Conclusion: Maintaining detailed documentation of the external catheter length and conducting regular imaging post-PICC placement is crucial, especially if the patient shows signs of catheter dysfunction or if unanticipated complications develop