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The Role of Demographic Characteristics and Personality Traits in COVID-19-Related Anxiety and Preventive Behaviors
Full text linkIntroduction: This study aimed to evaluate the role of demographic characteristics and personality traits in ascertaining the severity of COVID-19 induced anxiety and the effectiveness of preventive behaviors among university students in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study included a sample of 203 students (47 males and 156 females) enrolled in universities located in Mashhad (Iran) in 2021. Data collection was conducted using standardized questionnaires such as COVID-19anxiety questionnaire, Big Five personality traits, Preventive behaviors, and demographic characteristics through online platforms via social media to comply with health protocols. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.
Results: The findings from the regression analysis indicated that the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness significantly elucidated the variability in COVID-19 anxiety. Specifically, agreeableness emerged as a significant predictor of preventive behaviors. Furthermore, this study revealed that male students exhibited higher anxiety levels than their female counterparts, while females demonstrated a greater engagement in preventive behaviors. Moreover, the consumption of substances and alcohol was associated with heightened anxiety and diminished preventive behaviors.
Conclusion: The results underscore the necessity of considering both demographic characteristics and personality traits when designing interventions that aim at mitigating health crises. Notably, the traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness may help reduce anxiety and promote preventive behaviors within such contexts
Phylogenetic Groups and Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospitalized Patients in Tehran
Full text linkBackground: The presence of Escherichia coli among uropathogens is increasing significantly worldwide. It accounts for a considerable amount of morbidity and high medical costs and also can lead to mortality. The current research aims to investigate E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the molecular causes of E. coli resistance trends and virulence factors among phylogenetic groups of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in Urinary tract infection (UTI) patients in a hospital in Tehran, Iran. The antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary E. coli isolates.
Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary E. coli isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. In addition, resistance and virulence genes were monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the clonal relation of isolates was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Results: Studied isolates showed the highest susceptibility rates to MEM (95.7%), followed by TZP (90%). In contrast, resistance rates were found for AMP (100%), SXT (74%), and CIP (51.5%). ESBL-producing isolates were positive for blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV by PCR, respectively. According to the adhesion gene analyses, fimH (85.8%) was the most prevalent among E. coli isolates, followed by aer (49.7%), hlyA (46.1%), and pap (38.9%). A total of 57 PFGE patterns and three clusters (A–C) were identified by the PFGE method. (cluster A: Non-ESBL & Sensitive to all Antibiotics use; Cluster B: The most common cluster in terms of TEM, CTX-M, or both; Cluster C: containing CTX-M gene and resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin).
Conclusion: Our data showed ESBL rates were high in UTI E. coli isolated in the studied hospital. The UPEC isolates exhibited a high resistance rate to first- and second-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone, which could result in serious public health risks. The relationship between virulence factors and resistance genes is complex and needs more studies specific to each area
Multiparametric MRI Findings association with Pathological Features and hormonal secretion in Patients with Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Comprehensive Study
Full text linkBackground: Pituitary macroadenoma is a global health concern. Advanced imaging techniques, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have emerged as valuable tools for comprehensively evaluating macroadenomas. This study aimed to evaluate the association between multiparametric MRI findings, pathological features, and type of secretion in patients with pituitary macroadenoma.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between multiparametric MRI findings and pathological features in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Patients with pituitary macroadenoma referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital (Tehran-Iran) in 2023 were assessed. Preoperative MRI, including T1W, T2W, DWI, ADC, and CE-MRI, were evaluated for signal intensity, maximum diameter, and tumoral extension. The association between the results of MR imaging and the pathologic findings of the resected macroadenoma was assessed.
Results: Forty-five patients were assessed. The mean age was 48.22 ± 14.58 years, and 55.6% of the patients were male. Most patients (48.9%) had isointense lesion in T1W, and most lesions (57.8%) had heterogeneous signals in T2W. Apparent diffusion coefficient levels (ADC) had no diagnostic value for predicting pathologic subtypes. The most invasion was to the infrasellar among macro adenomas (P-value: 0.037). Among patients with gonadotroph pathology results, invasion to the third ventricle with heterogeneous signal on T2 was more common (P-values<0.05). The mean tumor volume is higher in the Prolactin (PRL) secreting type compared to other categories (P-value: 0.002).
Conclusion: Multiparametric MRI helps predict the pathological diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma
From Ambiguity to Identity: A Case Report of XY Disorders of Sexual Development with Suspected Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser and Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Full text linkBackground: Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) encompass a range of congenital conditions involving discordance between chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. One complex presentation involves phenotypically female individuals with a 46, XY karyotype, raising differential diagnoses such as Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS), Swyer syndrome, and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome.
Case Presentation: A 22-year-old individual raised as female presented with primary amenorrhea. Physical examination showed Tanner stage 3 breast and pubic hair, absent vaginal introitus, and no palpable uterus. Pelvic MRI revealed agenesis of the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina, with bilateral intrapelvic gonads initially resembling ovaries. Hormonal tests showed elevated testosterone (88.67 nmol/L), high LH (30.8 mIU/mL), and low-normal estradiol (23.6 pg/mL). Karyotyping confirmed 46, XY. Despite initial imaging suggesting MRKH, the hormonal and chromosomal findings supported CAIS. Multidisciplinary assessments, including psychiatry and forensic medicine, affirmed a consistent female gender identity. The patient declined surgical intervention and was referred for long-term follow-up.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of integrating clinical, hormonal, radiologic, and genetic data to distinguish among 46, XY DSD etiologies. Accurate diagnosis is essential not only for guiding medical management but also for supporting gender identity and psychological well-being. In CAIS, gender-affirming, individualized care and long-term support are crucial for optimal health outcomes
بررسی کمی و کیفی مواجهه تنفسی با ترکیبات آلی فرار در یک صنعت تولید واکسکفش
Full text linkBackground and Aim: Organic solvents are widely used in various industrial sectors and processes, which are a direct or indirect source of volatile organic compounds in the workplace. The shoe polish production process is one of the processes in which chemical solvents containing VOCs are used, due to their low vapor pressure, significant amounts of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and other volatile compounds are released during the process. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to these pollutants harms human health due to their major role in the central nervous system and the body's immune and reproductive systems. As a result, this study aims to identify the VOCs resulting from the shoe polish production process and assess the risk of respiratory exposure of workers in such industries.
Materials and Methods: To assess the risk of exposure of employees to volatile organic compounds, environmental monitoring of TVOCs was carried out in 14 stations by direct reading method using the Phocheck Tiger device. then; According to NIOSH method 2549, the type of released compounds was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and based on NIOSH method 1501, the target pollutants were quantified using a gas chromatography device with a flame ionization detector.
Results: After analyzing the samples; 46 organic compounds were identified, among which the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene were determined as 0.33 ppm, 1.8 ppm, 1.33 ppm, 4.14 ppm, and 12.88 ppm, respectively. Considering the similar toxicological effect of the mentioned pollutants, the exposure to the mixture of compounds was determined to be more than the permissible limit. Among them, trimethylbenzene and benzene with TWA/STD ratios of 1.84 and 0.94 had the largest share.
Conclusion: The results indicate that workers in shoe polish production industries are exposed to significant levels of VOCs, especially BTEX compounds. Therefore, appropriate control measures should be taken to prevent health and safety hazards.
Please cite this article as:Yadegar Z, Panahi D, Farhang Dehghan S. Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation of Respiratory Exposure to Volatile OrganicCompounds in a Shoe Polish Manufacturing Industry. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2024: Vol 12: No 2: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.22037/iipm.v1403i12.46147سابقه و هدف: حلالهای آلی به طور گسترده در فرآیندهای صنعتی مختلف استفاده میشوند که منبع مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم ترکیبات آلی فرار در محیط کار هستند. فرآیند تولید واکسکفش نیز از فرآیندهایی است که در آن از حلالهای شیمیایی حاوی ترکیبات آلی فرار استفاده میشود که به دلیل فشار بخار کم آنها، مقادیر قابلتوجهی تولوئن، زایلن، اتیل بنزن و سایر ترکیبات فرار منتشر میشود. مطالعات نشان دادهاند مواجهه طولانیمدت با این آلایندهها به علت نقش عمده آنها در سیستم عصبی مرکزی و همچنین سیستم ایمنی و تولید مثل بدن، برای سلامت انسان مضر است. براین اساس در مطالعه حاضر، به شناسایی VOCهای حاصل از فرآیند تولید واکسکفش و ارزیابی ریسک مواجهه تنفسی پرداخته شده است.
روش بررسی: به منظور ارزیابی ریسک مواجهه کارکنان واحد تولید و بستهبندی واکسکفش جامد با ترکیبات آلی فرار، پایش محیطی TVOCs در 14 ایستگاه به روش قرائت مستقیم با استفاده از دستگاه Phocheck Tigerانجام شد. سپس؛ نوع ترکیبات منتشر شده، مطابق روش 2549 NIOSH، با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی - طیف سنجی جرمی (GC-MS) مشخص شد و برمبنای آن به روش 1501 NIOSH، آلایندههای هدف با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی دارای آشکارساز شعلهای یونی (GC-FID) تعیین مقدار شدند.
یافتهها: پس از نمونهبرداری فردی و آنالیز نمونهها؛ 46 ترکیب آلی فرا شناسایی شد که از این میان غلظت بنزن، تولوئن، اتیل بنزن، زایلن و تری متیل بنزن به ترتیب به میزان ppm 0/33، ppm 1/8، ppm 1/33، ppm 4/14 و ppm 12/88 تعیین گردید. نظر به اثر سمشناسی مشابه آلایندههای مذکور، مواجهه با مخلوط ترکیبات بیش از حد مجاز تعیین شد که از این میان بیشترین سهم را تری متیل بنزن و بنزن با نسبت ، 1/84 و 0/94 داشتند.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به نتایج ارزیابی مواجهه، کارگران شاغل در صنایع تولیدی واکسکفش در مواجهه با سطوح قابلتوجهی از ترکیبات آلی فرار به ویژه ترکیبات BTEX میباشند. براین اساس میبایست با اقدامات کنترلی مناسب از مخاطرات بهداشتی و ایمنی آن پیشگیری نمود.
به این مقاله، به صورت زیر استناد کنید:Yadegar Z, Panahi D, Farhang Dehghan S. Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation of Respiratory Exposure to Volatile OrganicCompounds in a Shoe Polish Manufacturing Industry. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2024: Vol 12: No 2: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.22037/iipm.v1403i12.4614
آگاهی و آمادگی مدیران کتابخانه ها در رویارویی با زلزله
No full textBackground and Aim: Libraries are among places that need special attention during natural disasters and therefore, assessing the effects and reducing the losses to those who are present in libraries is important by increasing the extent of awareness and preparedness of library managers.
Methods: This research used a mixed method including review study, and quantitative as well as qualitative methods. The target population consists of 15 selected library managers in the city of Tehran. The required information has been gathered using questionnaires and available interviews.
Results: The results show that only 40 percent of the managers were not familiar with the disaster management stages, 54 percent had limited knowledge and the remaining 6 percent stated that they were not familiar with the process.
Conclusion: The study results show that the awareness of managers in confronting the probable earthquakes is average and this is due to their insufficient familiarity with this phenomenon and lack of an appropriate organization for controlling disasters as well as the absence of a coordinated and consistent system for teaching the safety principals. Also, lack of preparedness and necessary skills for confronting possible earthquakes in the future and failing to hold continuous basic and specialized as well as educational workshops and earthquake drills and finally unfamiliarity with earthquake issues, reveals the necessity of disaster education and awareness raising plus holding the periodic workshops in the libraries.
Please cite this article as:
Ostovar Izadkhah Y, Aliyousefi A. Awareness and Preparedness of Library Managers in Confronting Earthquakes. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat .2024;12(3):189-202. https://doi.org/10.22037/iipm.v11i3.46778سابقه و هدف: کتابخانه ها از جمله اماکن مهمی هستند که هنگام وقوع سوانح طبیعی نیازمند توجه هستند و لذا بررسی اثرات و کاهش آسیب های ناشی از زلزله به افراد حاضر در کتابخانه ها از طریق ارتقاء میزان آگاهی و آمادگی مدیران قابل توجه می باشد. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی و آمادگی مدیران کتابخانه ها در رویارویی با زلزله انجام شد.
روش کار: این پژوهش یک نوع مطالعه ترکیبی است که در مراحل مختلف آن از روش های مطالعه مروری، مطالعه کیفی و نیز کمی استفاده شد. جامعه هدف در این پژوهش، 15 نفر از مدیران کتابخانه ها می باشند که تعداد 25 سؤال در قالب پرسشنامه، از طریق مصاحبه حضوری و آنلاین از مدیران در دسترس پرسیده شد.
یافته ها: در بررسی یافته ها، 40 درصد از مدیران اعلام کردند که با مراحل مـديريت سوانح طبيعـی در كتابخانه ها آشنایی دارند، 54 درصد از آنها اعلام کردندکه آشنایی محدودی دارند و 6 درصد باقیمانده نیز اظهار ناآشنایی نمودند.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد آگاهی مدیران در زمینه مقابله با زلزله احتمالی در حد متوسط است و این وضع می تواند به دلیل عدم شناخت کافی مدیران از سوانح و نداشتن ساختار و تشکیلات مناسب جهت کنترل و هدایت بحران و نیز نبود یک سیستم منسجم و هماهنگ جهت آموزش اصول ایمنی باشد. همچنین عدم آمادگی و مهارت لازم جهت رویارویی با بحران زلزله احتمالی و برگزار نشدن مستمرآموزش دوره هاي مقدماتی و تخصصی مقابله با بحران زلزله و عدم اجراي مانور درکتابخانه ها، به همراه شناخت ناکافی از مسأله زلزله، ضرورت آموزش، آگاهی رسانی و انجام مانورهای دوره ای در کتابخانه ها را آشکار می سازد.
به این مقاله، به صورت زیر استناد کنید:
Ostovar Izadkhah Y, Aliyousefi A. Awareness and Preparedness of Library Managers in Confronting Earthquakes. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat .2024;12(3):189-202. https://doi.org/10.22037/iipm.v11i3.4677
Effects of Low-Level Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide Laser Therapy on Human Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation, ATP, and ROS Levels ATP and ROS levels: Low level laser effects on fibroblast proliferation
No full textIntroduction: Fibroblasts, the primary cells of connective tissue, play a crucial role in the healing process of tissues and organs. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous galliumaluminum-arsenide (Ga-Al-As) laser at a wavelength of 830 nm and output powers of 10 mW and 27 mW on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and fibroblast cell proliferation in culture. Methods: Human fibroblast cells were cultured in a 96-well plate and exposed to continuous radiation from a Ga-Al-As laser at 830 nm, utilizing two different output powers of 10 and 27 mW and various energy densities. After 24 hours of laser exposure, fibroblast cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay. ROS production was measured with a microplate reader, and ATP levels were quantified.Results: The most significant increase in cell proliferation was observed in the 10 mW group at an energy density of 3.78 J/cm² (0.79±0.07) compared to the control group (0.51±0.05). In contrast, the 27 mW group at 10 J/cm² exhibited lower cell proliferation (0.51±0.05) during 90 s. ATP production significantly increased in the 10 mW group at 3.78 J/cm² (15,404±819), compared to the control group (115±51). Additionally, the groups had no significant difference in ROS levels.Conclusion: The results suggest that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using a Ga-Al-As laser at 830 nm with an output power of 10 mW for 3.78 J/cm2 significantly affected fibroblast cell proliferation and ATP synthesis
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy using Different Protocols on Human Gingival Fibroblasts Cultured on Treated Root Fragments: An In Vitro Study: Effect of photodynamic therapy on gingival fibroblasts
No full textIntroduction: In periodontal therapy, the adhesion of fibroblasts and their attachment to cementum present a significant challenge. This study aims to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using various protocols on the adhesion and cell count of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to root fragments using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Methods: Root fragments were divided into four groups and subjected to different treatments: a control group receiving scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP combined with PDT using a 630 nm light-emitting diode (LED) and toluidine blue O (TBO), SRP combined with PDT using a 660 nm diode laser and methylene blue (MB), and SRP combined with PDT using an 810 nm laser and indocyanine green (ICG) as the photosensitizer (PS). Then, HGFs were cultured on the tooth fragments and evaluated using SEM after 72 hours of incubation. The adhesion of fibroblasts was assessed by counting the number of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, while their cell count was determined by counting the total number of cells. Adhesion was analyzed using the KruskalWallis test, and the cell count was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test.
Results: PDT utilizing all three protocols significantly enhanced the adhesion of fibroblasts compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in adhesion between the PDT groups (P>0.05). Additionally, PDT with a 630 nm LED significantly promoted the cell count of fibroblasts compared to the control group (P=0.05).
Conclusion: PDT utilizing three distinct protocols has been demonstrated to enhance the attachment of fibroblasts. Specifically, PDT employing a 630 nm LED has been found to significantly promote the cell count of fibroblasts under SEM
Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus and its Outcome in Refractory Cases of Erosive Form: PBM in burning sensation
No full textIntroduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) presents with a burning sensation which may be severe enough to affect the daily activity of the patient. A standard therapy regimen includes the use of topical/systemic corticosteroids. However, many cases show the relapse/recurrence of the lesion and its symptoms frequently after the discontinuation of treatment. Some patients may also develop resistance to corticosteroids or may suffer from the side effects of corticosteroids. Its use is again limited in diabetic patients who are more prone to OLP.
Methods: We report six OLP cases (Three were diagnosed as recalcitrant erosive lichen planus) presenting with a complaint of oral burning condition which severely affected their quality of life.
Results: Following photobiomodulation (PBM), all cases had complete remission of burning sensation and healing of ulceration and have shown no recurrences in the past 6 months, making PBM an ideal choice for the management of oral burning conditions.
Conclusion: PBM is a promising non-invasive treatment modality, which has instantaneous effects on reducing burning sensation in all forms of OLP, even in recalcitrant cases, without any side effects. It does have proven analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing effects
Severe Pancreatitis After Renal Transplantation Due to Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Report: Pancreatitis After Renal Transplantation
No full textBackground and Aim: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is considered one of the mostcommon opportunistic infections and also a common cause of morbidity and mortalityamong patients receiving renal transplantation. Pancreatitis is a rare complication of CMVinfection in renal transplant recipients, which can lead to death. Here,Case Presentation: we presented a 10-year-old boy who underwent a nonrelative livingdonor renal transplantation and was admitted due to early graft dysfunction two monthsafter transplantation. Diagnostic tests for modalities showed CMV infection. The patient wastreated with ganciclovir; however, he developed seizures and acute abdominal pain one weeklater. The brain MRI revealed increased signal intensity in the cortex and subcortex of theparieto-occipital lobe. Serum laboratory tests showed elevated levels of amylase and lipase.The patient was treated for CMV infection and pancreatitis.Conclusion: Finally, the patient died due to multi-organ failure caused by disseminatedCMV infection two weeks after admission. These findings suggest that disseminated CMVinfection and pancreatitis may occur after renal transplantation, with a high mortality rate