Journals Portal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
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The effectiveness of self-compassion on the sleep quality and life quality of mothers with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Full text linkBackground: This study aimed to investigate how self-compassion affected the quality of sleep and overall well-being of moms whose children had been diagnosed with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Thirty mothers were randomly divided into an experimental group (15 participants) receiving self-compassion training and a control group (15 participants) receiving no intervention. Data collection tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire, quantitative electroencephalography, and a self-compassion protocol. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24, with descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: Results showed no substantial differences between groups in the pre-test phase. However, post-test results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group. Self-compassion interventions significantly enhanced sleep quality (F=45.64, P<0.01), life quality (F=275.12, P<0.01), and alpha wave activity (F=176.64, P<0.01). These improvements highlight the effectiveness of self-compassion training in reducing stress and anxiety, leading to increased satisfaction and calmness.
Conclusion: Self-compassion-based programs can serve as a beneficial approach to enhancing sleep quality and overall life quality in mothers of children with ADHD. This research underscores the potential of self-compassion interventions in promoting mental well-being and improving physiological and psychological outcomes
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Upper Limb Functional Index
Full text linkIntroduction: The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) designed to evaluate the functional status and level of participation of individuals with upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (ULMSDs). The purpose of this study was to translate the original ULFI into Persian (ULFI-Pr) and assess the psychometric properties of ULFI-Pr in Iranian individuals with ULMSDs. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in two stages based on standard guidelines. The ULFI was cross-culturally adapted through double forward and backward translations, and then its psychometric properties were validated. Participants (n=150) with various upper limb conditions for >12 weeks completed the ULFI and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined using Cronbach’s Alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The full sample determined internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity, construct validity, and factor structure; a subgroup (n=30) determined reliability at 14 days interval. Results: The original ULFI was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Persian with only minor wording changes. The ULFI-Pr demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.93) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.92). The correlation between ULFI and DASH was high (r = 0.71) and P<0.001). Construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Maximum Likelihood Extraction with Promax rotation. The EFA demonstrated a one-factor structure that explained 38.2% of total variance. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusion: The ULFI-Pr can be considered a region-specific, single-factor structure PROM for the evaluation of ULMSDs for clinical and research purposes in Persian language populations
Validation of a Stability-Indicating Analytical Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Taurursodiol in Bulk and Formulation Using UPLC Method: Analytical Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of SPB and TRS in Bulk and Formulation by UPLC
No full textSodium phenylbutyrate (SPB) and taurursodiol (TRS) are commonly used in combination therapy to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, popularly known as Lou Gehrig's disease. Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography, a stability-indicating analytical approach was designed and validated to evaluate SPB and TRS in bulk and dosage form simultaneously. Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP-18 column (50 x 1.0 mm, 1.7µm) was used for the chromatographic separation. Next, a mobile phase was added at a 0.5 ml/min flow rate. The mobile phase included acetonitrile and 0.1% perchloric acid (20:80) v/v. Analytes were found at a wavelength of 287 nm with a photodiode array detector. An autosampler injected a five μl sample into the column, which was kept at 25 o C. SPB and TRS eluted values were 0.522 min and 1.311 min, respectively. For SPB and TRS, linearity was determined within the range of 75–450 μg/ml and 25–150 μg/ml, respectively. The method's robustness was evaluated by purposefully changing parameters like flow rate, detector wavelength, and column temperature. Additionally, research on forced degradation in the presence of different stress conditions, such as heat, peroxide, acid, and ultraviolet light, showed that the approach could identify stable materials. In conclusion, it was found that the developed analytical method for simultaneously determining SPB and TRS in bulk and their formulation was more precise, reliable, and specific
Adenosine and High-intensity Interval Training as Potential Therapies on Free Fatty Acids and Metabolic Factors in High-fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Wistar Rats : Adenosine and HIIT on Metabolic Factors
No full textObesity, caused by an inequality between energy production and consumption, is characterized by lipid accumulation in adipose tissues. Currently, around 650 million adults and roughly 340 million children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) are affected by obesity. This condition tends to be more common among women and older populations. It is imperative to develop uncomplicated therapeutic approaches to prevent obesity-related metabolic diseases in conjunction with lifestyle modifications. Forty-three rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1. normal diet (ND), 2. High-fat diet (HFD), 3. HFD + adenosine, 4. HFD + High-intensity interval training (HIIT) + adenosine, and 5. HFD + HIIT. Gene expression of CGI-58, HSL, and AMPK in subcutaneous adipose tissues and serum level of glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), free fatty acid (FFA), and lipid profile (Triglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)) were assessed. The rats were fed HFD-induced obesity for 13 weeks. Following, adenosine 0.2 mg/ml/kg and 0.4 mg/ml/kg, as well as HIIT, were administered over 12 weeks. CGI-58, HSL and AMPK gene expression showed significant expression in all groups. HFD+HIIT+adenosine, HFD+adenosine, and HFD+HIIT groups significantly increased all genes. Conversely, FFA and glucose serum levels were significantly reduced in intervention groups. Insulin had higher serum levels in ND, HFD + adenosine, and HFD+HIIT groups, and adenosine caused decreased glucose. Also, favorable effects of HIIT and adenosine on lipid profile were observed. HIIT and adenosine can affect lipid metabolism, improve insulin resistance, and increase lipolysis in adipose tissue. Furthermore, adenosine can boost the effect of HIIT on gene expression, triggering lipolysis to prevent obesity
Lipid Profile of Children With Nephrotic Syndrome Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital: Lipid Profile in Nephrotic Syndrome
No full textBackground and Aim: Hyperlipidemia is typically detected in active nephrotic syndrome(NS) and normalizes with the resolution of the proteinuria. This study assessed the lipidprofile of children with NS during active disease and remission.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at ICMH, Bangladesh, fromJuly 2021 to June 2022. Sixty children with NS (1-18 years), including both first attack andrelapse cases, were enrolled. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were carriedout. Serum fasting lipid profiles were measured during active disease and again 4 weeksafter achieving remission. After collecting all the required data, analysis was conducted usingSPSS software, version 24.0.Results: The majority of children (70%) were relapse cases. The mean age of the studyparticipants was 5.15±2.97 years, with a predominance of males (61.7%). Mean serumcholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) levels were elevated inall groups, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were normal in all groups duringactive disease. During remission, serum cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels were significantlyreduced in both first attack and relapse cases. LDL levels returned to normal in all groups,but total cholesterol (TC) and TG remained high in the frequently relapsing NS (FRNS) andsteroid-dependent NS (SDNS) groups. Serum albumin levels were low in all groups, withsignificantly lower levels observed in the FRNS group.Conclusion: During active disease, serum cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels were elevated inboth first attack and relapse cases. Serum TC and TG remained persistently high in FRNSand SDNS
Endodontic Management of a C-shaped Mandibular Second Premolar with Four Canals and Four Apical Foramina: A Case Report
Full text linkA thorough understanding of root canal morphology is critical for achieving predictable outcomes in endodontic therapy. Anatomical variations in mandibular second premolars are uncommon compared to other teeth, and the coexistence of a C-shaped root canal configuration with four independent canals and four separate apical foramina is exceptionally rare. This case report describes the nonsurgical endodontic management of a mandibular second premolar exhibiting this unique morphology, confirmed through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnification. A 52-year-old male was referred by a prosthodontist for elective root canal treatment before post placement. CBCT imaging revealed a C-shaped root in the coronal third that bifurcated into four separate canals at the midroot level, each terminating in an independent apical foramen. Nonsurgical treatment was performed over two visits, using meticulous chemo-mechanical preparation, intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing, and warm vertical compaction obturation. At the 9-month follow-up, the tooth was functional, asymptomatic, and radiographically stable. This case underscores the importance of preoperative assessment with advanced imaging and magnification in identifying and successfully treating rare endodontic anatomies
Guided Endodontic Management of Pulp Canal Obliteration in a Maxillary Canine with Root Resorption and Prior Iatrogenic Deviation: A Case Report
Full text linkThis case report describes the successful guided endodontic treatment of a maxillary left canine (#23) with pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in a 30-year-old female patient. The patient had a history of orthodontic treatment and Le Fort I orthognathic surgery, both recognized as potential factors contributing to canal calcification. The patient had a history of a failed root canal treatment, contributing to incomplete canal instrumentation and iatrogenic damage (gouging) during access cavity preparation. The case was referred for completion of treatment. Upon referral, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed advanced canal obliteration, procedural gouging from the prior attempt, and a radiolucent line suggestive of a horizontal root fracture. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed the extent of canal calcification, ruled out the suspected fracture, and showed a localized palatal external root resorption, likely related to previous orthodontic forces. Given the complexity of the case, a static-guided endodontic technique was selected as the preferred treatment approach. A custom 3D-printed guide, generated from merged CBCT and intraoral scan data, enabled conservative and accurate access to the calcified canal. Although a hand K-file fractured during canal negotiation, the fragment was successfully retrieved using ultrasonic devices under magnification. The tooth was treated successfully. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups at six and twelve months confirmed resolution of the periapical lesion and complete symptom relief, demonstrating that guided endodontics can serve as a safe and effective treatment option in teeth with PCO
Prolonged Penile Erection in an Adolescent with Angelman Syndrome under Aripiperazole: A Case Report: Prolonged penile erection in Angelman syndrome
No full textAngelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, ataxia, and happy social behavior. Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug used for treating irritability in patients with autism spectrum disorder in > 6-year-old children and adolescents. Notably, prolonged penile erection is an unknown complication of Aripiprazole. Therefore, the present case report aimed to present a unique prolonged penile erection in an adolescent with Angelman syndrome under Aripiprazole. In this case report, priapism occurred several hours after consuming 5 mg of Aripiprazole. Since he was neither a cigarette smoker nor an alcohol abuser, had no medical issues, and did not report any history of penile or perineal trauma, the urologist suggested that the priapism he experienced might be linked to the use of Aripiprazole. Fortunately, he recovered after stopping the medication. Generally, we mentioned controversial results from previous case reports on the effect of Aripiprazole. It is unknown why some case reports noted priapism post Aripiprazole use, and some mentioned priapism palliation by switching to this drug from other antipsychotics. While it seems that the tendency to priapism may be an idiosyncratic reaction or the α1-adrenergic receptors change or disorders in the predisposed patient, there is a need for further comprehensive studies on this issu
Pediatric-Onset Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in Isfahan: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkObjectives:
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. While NMOSD predominantly affects adults, pediatric-onset NMOSD (PONMOSD) cases are increasingly recognized, necessitating a better understanding of the disease in this population. This study aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the manifestations and management of PONMOSD.
Material & Methods:
This study was conducted at the Isfahan MS Clinic, Iran, recruiting 182 NMOSD patients between March 2021 and March 2022. Board-certified neurologists performed diagnosis and examination, applying the 2015 NMOSD diagnostic criteria. Clinical data were collected and analyzed, including demographic information, onset symptoms, family history, treatment, and MRI findings.
Results:
Eighteen patients with PONMOSD (9.9% of the total) were identified. The study cohort had a female-to-male ratio 2.6:1, with the most common onset symptoms being optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). AQP4-Ab was positive in 66.7% of the patients, with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) being the most common MRI finding. Azathioprine and Rituximab were the most commonly used treatments in patients, respectively. Treatment response was generally favorable, with most patients responding to therapy.
Conclusion:
The present study provides valuable insights into the clinical characteristics and management of pediatric-onset NMOSD. Despite challenges in diagnosis and treatment, early recognition and appropriate management strategies can lead to improved outcomes in this population. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches for pediatric NMOSD
The Epidemiology of Epileptic Spasm and Affecting Factors on One-Year Prognosis: A Study in Tabriz Children’s Hospital
No full textObjectives:
Epileptic Spasm (ES) is a special type of convulsive disorder that primarily occurs in infants, typically within the first year of life. This disorder is usually resistant to routine anticonvulsant drugs. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology and factors affecting one-year prognosis in patients with ES in Tabriz Children’s Hospital.
Materials & Methods:
This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study focused on patients diagnosed with ES who were referred to the neurology department of Tabriz Children’s Hospital between 2015 and 2019. Data was collected using a census sampling method and a checklist that included demographic information and clinical and treatment histories. The results were then reported statistically.
Results:
Thirty-seven patients were studied, with 15 (40.5%) exhibiting flexor seizures, eight (21.7%) extensor seizures, and 14 (37.8%) mixed seizures. The most common causes were prenatal insult (10 cases, 27.0%), cryptogenic (9 cases, 24.3%), and Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations (6 cases, 16.2%). Electroencephalography findings included modified hypsarrhythmia in 12 cases (30.8%), hypsarrhythmia in 16 (41.0%), and frequent epileptiform discharge in nine (23.1%). MRI and CT scans showed abnormalities in three cases (8.1%) and 16 cases (43.2%), respectively. Treatment involved Phenobarbital in 35 patients (94.6%), Vigabatrin in 29 (78.4%), and ACTH in 11 (29.7%). The one-year prognosis indicated 25 patients (67.6%) experienced disease recurrence, seven (18.9%) recovered with complications, and two (5.4%) died.
Conclusion:
The most common causes of ES are prenatal insults, cryptogenic factors, and CNS malformations. The key one-year prognoses include disease recurrence and recovery with complications