Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
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Ebola-New Vampire of Modern Era
No full textGone are the days when we used to watch horror movies of Vampire Count Dracula who used to suck and bleed individuals to death. We now have a disease which is bleeding the mankind and is much more terrifying, frightening and horrifying than any of the horror movies. During last few months this disease has literally made hostage to whole of the medical community across the world. It is proving to be one of the most fatal diseases in the history of mankind. It is a tragedy, the rate at which Ebola Virus is spreading in West Africa. The exponential rate at which this disease has been spreading in the last couple of months has jolted even the superpowers of the world. God has been very kind that we in Pakistan are not exposed to this deadly disease but we need to know and beef up our preventive and preparedness level, should we encounter any such case in futur
Student's Drug Updates Session- National Pharmacology Conference 2014, Oharmacological Trends 21st Century. Slides of winner#1
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Adult learning principles and its application
No full textAndragogy, a Greek word refers to adult learning. In late1960s Malcom Knowles work in adult education spread in North America. Knowles hypothesized a set of assumptions on the characteristics of adult learners. The assumptions are that: adults are independent and self-directed learners, bring rich experience to the educational setting, enter educational settings with readiness to learn, adults are problem-centered in their learning, and best motivated by internal factors. Further research on and ragogy led to reform in all forms of adult education including health profession education and distance learnin
Mandate of establishing an ethical review committee
No full textThe National Bioethics Committee (NBC) was approved by the Government of Pakistan in 2004. Its basic mandate is to “promote and facilitate ethical health services delivery and health related research. The secretariat of NBC is the Pakistan Medical Research Council (PMRC) under Ministry of Health Government of Pakistan. A Code of Ethics has been issued by Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) and according to this code all research protocols must be reviewed by an Ethical Review Committee (ERC) at their local institute. A 15- member committee which comprises of faculty from basic sciences, representatives from social science departments, clinicians, a person with knowledge of ethics of medical research and a lay person is an ideal team. This is essential to cater to the well being of patients and safety of research. In this way the importance of ethics will be realized by all health providers. The ERC should inculcate the sense of ethics in health providers and must be realized as an important component of any institutio
Millennium Development Foal -4 for Reducing Child Mortality- are we on the Right Track
No full textThe basic health progress of any country is measured in terms of indicators such as rates of child and maternal morbidity and mortality, immunization and nutritional status
Visual outcome after intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema
No full textAbstract: Objective: To evaluate the visual outcome after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with diabetic macular edema. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in PNS Shifa Hospital from 15 March 2010 to 15 Dec 2011 in patients with diabetic macular edema who were treated with at least one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 ml. Patients underwent Snellen’s visual acuity testing and detailed ophthalmic examination before the procedure and monthly follow-up visits for three months. Results: There were 104 eyes of 71 consecutive patients with a mean age of 61.8 years (SD 16.1). The patients received a mean of 1.39 (SD1.35) injections of bevacizumab per eye. No adverse events were observed. The mean central macular thickness at baseline was 835 micron which improved to a mean of 360 micron at 3rd month (P < 0.001). The mean baseline acuity was log MAR = 0.52(SD 0.19) and at one month log MAR =0.22 (SD 0.20); the difference was significant (P = 0.001). At last follow-up of 3 months, the mean visual acuity was log MAR = 0.20 (SD 0.19), which was significantly better than baseline (P < 0.001). Visual acuity improved in 89 eyes. Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in a significant decrease in macular edema and improvement in visual acuity. The number of patients in this study was limited and the follow-up was too short to make any specific treatment recommendations, but the favorable short-term results suggest the need for further study
Autism: A Silent cry For Help
No full text"Autism"or"autism spectrum disorder" is a disorder characterized by deficit in social interactions and communication with restricted interest usually recognized by the age of 2 years. Various causes have been linked with autism such as genetic, environmental, vaccination etc. There are many signs and symptoms of this disorder. Multiple therapies are available to groom these children so that they can lead a normal independent life. Electronic databases as PubMed, Google.com and Google scholar were searched by using key words and phrases such as autism, autistic behaviors, autism spectrum disorders, speech therapy, occupational therapy and social deficit disorders. Literature search of abstracts, original articles, review articles and case studies published within past 10 years (Sept 2004- Sept 2014) was carried out through the mentioned search engines. Thus Autism is a neuro-deficit disorder. Affected children are not mentally handicapped and therefore can be trained well to spend a normal independent life
Slavadora Persica- Medicinal Properties
No full textHerbal medicines have long been the center of interest for the researchers. Herbs have long been used for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea, ulcers, arthritis etc. people have always preferred herbal medicine believing it to be less toxic and inexpensive. Salvadora persica (miswak) is one of such plants which are used over the years mostly in the field of dentistry because of its religious significance in Islam. The purpose of this review is to go through the various medicinal properties of this plant. A literature search regarding this article was done on Google scholar and Pubmed /Medline during the time period 1988-2014.Most of the articles were related to oral health but few other properties are also foun
Tuberculous empyema thoracic -surgical perspective
No full textObjective: To find out the difference in outcome of patients undergoing surgery for tuberculous empyema in early V/S late stages of disease. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 163 patients of 20-50 years of age who underwent thoracotomy and decortication for tuberculous empyema thoracic from July 2009 to June 2013. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their duration of use of Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy (ATT). Group A (n=80) took ATT for 2 months and Group B (n=83) took ATT for 4 months and above. Age less than 20yrs and above 50yrs, poor functional and nutritional status, underlying parenchymal disease, A.T.T. Defaulters and MDR T.B were excluded. Results: There was no mortality in Group A, while 1 mortality occurred in Group B. Mean day of discharge was 5th post-operative day in Group A and 6th in Group B. 7 patients from Group A and 13 patients from Group B had wound complications whereas 5 patients from Group A and 12 from Group B required up to 10 day of hospitalization due to prolonged air leaks. 1 patient from Group B required revision of procedure and ended up with pleurocutaneous window. Conclusion: Operating patients early with T.B Empyema Thoracic carries better results if compared to those operated at a later stage. Patient selection is an important factor. Key to success is adequate intake of A.T.T. dose by the patient
Role of amaltas and dandasa in controlling biofilm formation of streptococcus sangius
No full textObjective: To analyze the anti-biofilm activity of naturally occurring substances dandasa (juglans regia) and amaltas (Cassia fistula) against streptococcus sangius. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out at Bahria University Medical and Dental College(BUMDC) Karachi from December 2013 to March 2014.A total of fifty streptococcus sangius samples were taken from oral biofilm and identified using conventional, biochemical, cultural and molecular methods.Biofilm forming activity of these isolates was recorded and then exposed to dandasa and amaltas. Results: Amaltas and Dandasa both in a concentration of 12.5mg/ml and 3.2mg/ml respectively showed good anti-biofilm forming activity against streptococcus sangius. Combination of dandasa with amaltas did not showed more effective inhibitory effect against biofilm formation suggesting an indifferent activity with anti-adhesive index of 0.75 against Streptococcus sangius Conclusion Streptococcus sangius in oral biofilm exhibited biofilm formation which is the cause for antibiotic resistance and provides shelter to other organisms. Amaltas and dandasa provide a good antibiofilm activity individually against Streptococcus sangiu