Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
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Relationship of Age, BMI, Serum Calcium and Estradiol with BMD in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Females
Get PDFIntroduction: The current study was designed to investigate the relationship of age, body mass index (BMI), serum calcium and estradiol with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal females with and without osteoporosis.
Subjects & Methods: One hundred females were included in this study and were divided into two groups (fifty in each group): postmenopausal females without osteoporosis (age: 54.36 ± 0.51 yrs) and postmenopausal females with osteoporosis (age: 59.92 ± 0.68 yrs). BMD assessment was done on calcaneous by peripheral ultrasound bone densitometry and T scores were calculated. Serum estradiol was measured by ELIZA and calcium levels were determined by using spectrophotometric kit.
Results: BMD was significantly lower in postmenopausal osteoporotic females as compared to postmenopausal non-osteoporotic females which indicated increased bone loss in osteoporotic group. Serum calcium levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal females with osteoporosis (8.73 ± 0.08) as compared to postmenopausal females without osteoporosis (9.04 ± 0.09). BMD was correlated with body weight ( r= 0.50, p<0.05; r= 0.45, p<0.05) and BMI (r=0.61, p<0.01; r= 0.31, p<0.05) in both groups. Negative correlation of BMD was found with age (r= -0.67, p<0.01r= -0.57, p<0.05) and calcium (r= -0.44, p<0.05; r= -0.38, p<0.05) in postmenopausal females with and without osteoporosis respectively. Osteopenia was detected in postmenopausal females without osteoporosis.
Conclusion: It is concluded that increasing age, low body weight, low BMI, and low BMD are few of the contributing factors to osteoporosi
Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX): An overview
Get PDFOver the last two decades, medical education has changed its role significantly to move from the traditional curriculum to the outcome based education. This is done after deciding the competencies to be achieved by the students more clearly1. The Institute for International Medical Education (IIME) has clearly focused the minimum essential core competencies that a medical graduate must possess including the clinical skills, communication skills, professional values, attitudes and behaviors1. 
A Rare Case of Orbital Lymphoma
Get PDFOrbital lymphoma without systemic involvement is rarely seen in ophthalmological practice. We diagnosed one such case in our set-up. An old female presented with diplopia and proptosis right eye. CT-scan revealed an intraorbital mass along the superior orbital wall. MRI orbit showed space occupying lesion involving frontal sinus which was confirmed on histopathological and Immunohistochemical examinations. The histochemical studies confirmed the presence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This is a rare manifestation of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with primary involvement of orbital mass extending into frontal sinus and cranial fossa with no systemic involvement. This case was being reported for general awareness as the tumour is potentially curabl
Emergency Obstetrical Hysterectomy
Get PDFThis study was designed to determine the incidence, indications and complications of emergency obstetrical hysterectomy. The cases were analyzed from January 2003 to December 2008 in the obstetric unit of Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. The Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the maternal records. Incidence of emergency obstetrical hysterectomy was found out to be 1:238 deliveries. Out of these 6(40%) of patients were in the age group between 31-35 years. Average age was 31years. Multiparous patients were 7(46.6%) and grand multiparous were 6(40%) with mean parity of 5. The most common indication leading to obstetrical hysterectomy was Atonic uterus causing postpartum hemorrhage in 7(46.6%) of patients. Ruptured uterus was responsible for this procedure in 2(13.3%) patients. Regarding complications, deep venous thrombosis developed in 1(6.6%) patient. The maternal deaths occurred in 3(20%) patients. The incidence of emergency obstetrical hysterectomy is not very much high. Majority of the patients were referred by traditional birth attendants (TBA’s) with complications of labor and delivery. To further reduce the incidence, education of TBA’s and early referral along with community awareness are essential
Dengue fever outbreak among children in Karachi ecperience at a tertiary care children hospital
No full textObjective: To study the natural history of disease in terms of clinical presentation and outcome in hospitalized children with confirmed dengue cases.
Methods: A case series study was conducted at National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi from September through November 2006. Children presented with fever and presence of at least 2 clinical manifestations of suspected dengue infection according to WHO criteria were included in study. Patients were followed regarding clinical presentation, investigations, management and outcome.
Results: A total of 152 children admitted with suspicion of having dengue fever were evaluated in the study. Dengue fever antibody IgM tested on all suspected patients along with CBC, PT/aPTT, Blood C/S, Serum protein and chest X- ray. Dengue fever IgM was positive in 111 patients. A significant majority of dengue patients belonged to peri urban slums. Common presenting symptom among dengue patients was fever (100%), rash (71.17%), vomiting (52.25%), hemorrhagic manifestation (36.03%) and fits (5.40%). Among 111 dengue positive cases 65 (58.58%) were Dengue Fever (DF) cases, 40 (36.03%) were Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and 6 (5.4%) were cases of Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Three patients expired during their stay in hospital.
Conclusion: A high percentage of dengue positive cases among suspected patients and a significant proportion of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome cases demands careful investigation and management
ROLE OF TC-99m THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY IN INVESTIGATING THYROID SWELLING: IS IT OF ANY HELP FOR SURGEONS?
No full textObjective: To assess the role of thyroid scintigraphy with technetium 99m pertechnetate in patient undergoing thyroid surgery for thyroid swelling and whether this investigation helps in decision making for surgeons regarding management strategy.
STUDY DESIGN: A prospective quasi-experimental study.
PLACE & DURATION OF STUDY: This is a multicentric study conducted at the department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Civil Hospital Karachi, Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Hamdard University Hospital, and PNS Shifa, over a period of three and half years from August 2006 to February 2010.
PATIENTS & METHODS: A total number of 110 patients were included in this study undergoing thyroid surgery for any thyroid swelling where thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate was done in all the cases with FNAC, thyroid sonography, thyroid function tests and post-operative histopathology. Data collected was analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of thyroid scintigraphy for malignancy.
RESULTS: In this study, on thyroid scintigraphy 50.9% of the cases were multinodular goiter, 48.2% were cold nodules and 0.9% was hot nodule. On post-operative histopathology 94 cases (85.4%) were benign swellings and 16 cases (14.6%) were malignant. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of thyroid scintigraphy were found to be 68.7%, 55.3%, 57.2%, 20.7% and 91.2% respectively.
CONCLUSION: In our view thyroid scintigraphy should not be ordered in every case of thyroid swelling because of its low predictive value for malignancy
Social responsiveness of medical schools: time to address the social acccountability of the medical Institutions in Pakistan.
No full textThe recent trend in medical education is to promote social accountabilty and social responsiveness of health professional's institutions to meet the health care needs of the country
Beliefs about blood donation among ptients visiting OPDs of general hospitals
No full textObjective: Not much information is available for blood donation in Pakistan, while a number of misconceptions exist among the populace. This study was, therefore, conducted with the objective of identifying the said misconceptions which could lead to the formulation and implementation of letter policies regarding blood donation in Pakistan.
Subjects and Methods: Patients visiting OPDs of some of the General Hospitals of Pakistan were the subjects of this study. A total of about 88 subjects (22 from each hospital) were enrolled and were subjected to the self-administered questionnaire.
Place of Study: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conduct at four Governement General Hospitals of Pakistan ie Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi; Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Civil Hospital Quetta and District Headquarters Hospital, Seabi.
Result: The study results showed that out of about 88 paitents, about40(45.5%) were blood donors whereas about 48(55.5%) were not. About 29 patients knew the correct amount of blood that can be drawn for a single donation. About 12 patients knew the eligible age while about 25 knew about the appropriate body weight for blood donations. The major reason for not donating blood was fear of subsequent weakness.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that there is a need to develop awareness to the public on blood donation, and its importance, so as to get rid of their misconceptions. This will increase the number of blood donors, especially Non-Remunerated voluntary Blood donors, and help meet the ever-growing demand for blood and its products.