Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
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Audit of perinatal mortality at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi
No full textObjective: To determine the perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) and its causes. Materials and Methods: An audit of all births was conducted from January 2010 – December 2010 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1 of JPMC, Karachi. All stillbirths from 28 weeks of pregnancy and neonatal deaths within first seven days of life in the hospital either in the obstetric ward or in the neonatal nursery were recorded. Aberdeen (Obstetric) classification of perinatal deaths was applied in the audit for classification of perinatal causes. Results: From 1st January to 31st December 2010, there were 7537 deliveries and 453 perinatal deaths. Four hundred and seven babies were still born while 46 died within 7 days of birth. The perinatal mortality rate was 60.1/1000 total births and still birth rate was 54.0/1000 total births. The leading cause of perinatal deaths was antepartum hemorrhage 140(30.9%). This included abruption of placenta 97 (21.4%) and placenta previa 43 (9.4%). The next common cause was mechanical accounted for 95 (21.0%). Hypertensive disorder of mother was responsible for 94 (20.8%) of perinatal deaths. Congenital malformation caused deaths in 39 (8.6%) cases. Low birth weight was identified in 37(8.1%) maternal medical disorder as jaundice, anaemia and diabetes were responsible for 17 (3.7%) and neonatal infection such as respiratory disorders and septicemia caused deaths in 3 (0.6%) of cases. Conclusion: Perinatal Mortality Rate in 2010 at JPMC was 60.1/1000 total births with leading cause of antepartum hemorrhage
Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis
No full textNecrotizing Fasciitis is a rare, rapidly progressing and severe infection of subcutaneous tissue and underlying fascia. Thrombosis of perforating vessels of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is the characteristic pathological feature. The disease can be monomicrobial or polymicrobial in origin. However, Poly microbial source of infection is more common. Typical sites of infection include extremities, abdomen and perineum. High index of suspicion is essential to prompt early diagnosis and ensure a favorable outcome. Management necessitates immediate surgical and antimicrobial treatment. This case report describes the rare presentation of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis. However, it highlights the key features of the disease for example rapid progression and extension, severe pain, systemic toxicity and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. HIV infection was the risk factor whereas Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were the causative organisms. Prompt diagnosis, early surgical intervention and administration of intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics resulted in encouragable recovery
Survival and causes of failed amalgam restorations
No full textObjective: To determine the reasons for failure of amalgam restorations and evaluate the association between the reasons for failure of restorations with gender, classes of cavities, and teeth involved. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Operative Department of Dental Section of Bahria University Medical and Dental College Karachi, from June 2013 to February 2014.Patients were selected randomly who had presented with complaint in amalgam restoration. Specially designed proformas were used to get the information such as the name of the patient, age, gender, teeth in need for replacement of restorations, age of the restorations and the reasons for failed restorations. The criteria for failed amalgam restorations were secondary caries, improper proximal contact, fractured restoration and gingival irritation due to overhang. Chi-square test was applied to get the significance of the result. Results: A total of 141 patients with failed amalgam restorations were examined. The mean age was 40 (±16.18). In all 95 molar and 46 premolar teeth were observed. Secondary caries was leading reason for failure of amalgam restorations (44.68%), followed by gingival irritation due to overhang (17.02%), and margin fracture (12.05%). The mean of longevity of amalgam restoration was 5 years. Chi-square test showed significant association between causes of failure and duration of restorations, different classes of cavities (p-value <0.000) and insignificant relationship with gender (P-value < 0.67). Conclusion: Secondary caries was the most common cause of failure of amalgam restoration in Class II cavities
Contextual Learning in Adult Education.
No full text"Educators of adults have long recognized that relating instructional content to the specific contexts of learners' lives and interest increase motivation to learn"
Dentin Hypersensitivity Recent Trends in Management
No full textDentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most commonly encountered clinical problem.1 It is characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentine in response to stimuli, (thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical) which cannot be ascribed to any other dental defect or pathology. DH is a painful clinical condition with an incidence ranging from 4 to 74%. A slightly higher incidence of DH is reported in females and most affected patients are in the age group of 20-50 years. Canines and premolars of both the arches are the most affected teet
Knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers toward research among undergraduate medical students
No full textObjective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers toward research among undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional institution based study was conducted from April to June, 2014 on 3rd year MBBS students at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, after approval by ERC-BUMDC. Data was collected by administering specially designed questionnaire, filled on one to one basis, after taking verbal consent. Analysis was done by using SPSS version 18. Results: Out of total 104 students of 3rdyear MBBS at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 96 students participated in the study. Response rate was 93%. The score on knowledge regarding basic concepts of research was found to be on the lower side (3.1+1.4 out of 10 questions).Overall, the students showed positive attitude toward research as majority of students agreed on positive statements toward research. Students highlighted many perceived barriers such as lack of time (92%), ‘lack of rewarding and motivational system (86%) followed by inadequate funding and monetary system (79%) for undergraduate research. Conclusion: This study showed low knowledge score coupled with a positive attitude toward research among undergraduate medical students. This could be related to various perceived barriers for undergraduate research identified by students. These barriers need to be addressed to ensure an improvement in the undergraduate medical researc
Accuracy of high resolution computed tomography in pre-operative acquired cholesteatoma
No full textObjective: To determine the accuracy of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for diagnosis of acquired cholesteatoma using histopathological finding as gold standard. Materials and Methods: This cross section study of 61 patients, males and females with ages between 10- 35 years was carried out in the department of radiology, Dr Ziauddin Hospital Karachi, from November 2008 to April 2009. Patients clinically diagnosed as having cholesteotoma were referred for scanning. They were selected according to inclusion criteria. Patients were scanned using HRCT technique. Non dependent soft tissue density attenuation mass associated bony erosion in the middle ear/external ear was considered as radiological positive case of cholesteatoma while dependent soft tissue attenuation mass without bony erosion was considered radiologically negative case for Cholesteatoma. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with keratin debris and an underline sub-epithelial fibro connective tissue associated bone resorption in it were considered histopathologically positive case for cholesteatoma and without bony resorption were considered negative. Results: Out of 61 patients of clinically diagnosed acquired cholesteatoma 37(60.7%) were males and 24(39.3%) were females. 34(55.5%) patients showed right sided and 27(44.2%) left side temporal bone involvement. Mean age of patients was 22.93 years (SD±8.29). Sensitivity of HRCT technique was 96.4 %, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 98.18% and negative predictive value of 67 %. Conclusion: High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) technique is found to have accuracy for diagnosis of pre-operative acquired cholesteatoma using histopathological finding as gold standard
Prevalance of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Women of Pakistan
Get PDFObjectives: To find out the prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome amongst women of Pakistan
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional self reported survey was conducted from 1st August 2011 till 31st January 2012 by collecting data from different cities that is Islamabad , Quetta , Karachi , Multan , Hyderabad. 382 participants from various hospitals, universities, colleges, shopping malls filled up a self administered closed ended questionnaire designed on DSM IV.11 premenstrual syndrome symptoms based on occurrence and severity were used for diagnosis. If 4 of them were positive then a female was labeled to be suffering from Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Results: The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 191(55%). The ascending order of prevalence of symptoms occurring in PMS was depression, tension, labile mood, bloating, swollen breast and headache.
Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome is a common problem in women of reproductive age group. There is a need for simple diagnostic methods for early detection. Social media and physicians should provide education to reduce its prevalence and improve the quality of life in the affected female
Self medication practices in Pakistan
No full textSelf medication is defined as consumption of medicinal products by a person to treat self recognized disorders, symptoms, recurrent disease or minor health problems. Globally, self-medication has been reported as being on the rise. According to WHO, self-medication must be correctly taught and controlled. To assess self medication practices in Pakistan various key words and phrases were used with search engines Google scholar and Pak- Medinet from the year 2010-2014. A total of five studies were found. Prevalence of self medication is found to be high in our country. Common reasons found for self medication were mild nature of the illness, high fee of private consultants and prior familiarity with the disease. Community based surveys and studies may be conducted to have exact figures of self medication prevalence of our country. Standard laws regarding the use of self medication should be made and implemented in true sense to promote rational use of drug
Situational Review Of Child Sexual Abuse In A Low Income Country
Get PDFChild sexual abuse (CSA) is an issue of global concern. CSA has been estimated to, affect 2-62% of women and 3-16% of men as victims. The variation in percentage is dependent on the definition of CSA being used. WHO has estimated that globally nearly 40 million children upto14 years of age, suffer from various types of abuses and require medical attention and social care. This review covers the available literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) in Pakistan since 1999, using search engines Google,Pubmed, Medline and PsychINFO. Data shows thatIncidence of CSA has been increasing, with mostly acquaintances beingthe perpetrators. Based on the results recommendations are given to improve the health and well being of survivors of CSA in Pakistan. The issue requires attention by society, law enforcement, public health community, health practitioners and leadership. Poverty and illiteracy are the primary determinants of CS