International journal of health sciences
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Effectiveness of educational programs on the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) in enhancing ICU delirium knowledge and skills among nurses: A systematic review
Full text linkBackground: ICU delirium is underrecognized despite its high prevalence and adverse outcomes. The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) is a validated screening tool, but its use by nurses is inconsistent. Objective: To systematically review evidence on the effectiveness of educational programs teaching CAM-ICU in enhancing ICU nurses’ knowledge, skills, confidence, and adherence to delirium screening. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies from 2019–August 2025. Eligible studies involved ICU nurses, provided an educational intervention on CAM-ICU, and assessed knowledge, skills/accuracy, self-efficacy, or screening adherence. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results: Twelve studies (1 RCT, 8 quasi-experimental, 3 QI initiatives) met inclusion. Across designs, educational programs improved delirium knowledge, assessment accuracy, self-confidence, and adherence to CAM-ICU documentation. Multimodal interventions (lectures, case-based learning, simulation, competency checks, and audit-feedback) were associated with the most sustained improvements. Conclusions: CAM-ICU–focused nurse education consistently enhances knowledge, skills, and adherence. Implementation into standard orientation, competency-based assessments, and delirium bundles is recommended
Biochemical composition and therapeutic values of leaves of Lippia multiflora Moldenke grown in Côte d'Ivoire
Full text linkPhytochemical analysis of leaves from two varieties of Lippia multiflora cultivated in two localities of Côte d'Ivoire, such as Béoumi and Korhogo, were carried out to provide information on the therapeutic value of this herbal tea. Results showed the presence of bioactive compounds like alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids in the extracts. All of the extracts were rich in condensed tannins. Concerning flavonoids, flavone was high grade in extracts from Béoumi, while the highest levels of flavanols were found in extracts from Korhogo. Essential minerals like calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were present in leaves and extracts. In addition, the levels of both of these minerals in the extract were below the maximum level permissible suggested by the World Health Organization (1989). We also noted the variability of both components according to the cultivation areas. The presence of phytochemical components and mineral elements in the aqueous extracts of Lippia multiflora contributes to their therapeutic application in medicinal practices and their nutritional importance. However, the variability among the phytochemical profiles of samples from different areas expresses their different medicinal, pharmacologic, and nutritional properties
Cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of t-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in a young female: A case report
Full text linkT-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It often presents with mediastinal masses, but its initial manifestation with cardiac tamponade is exceedingly uncommon. We report the case of a 24-year-old female presenting with progressive dyspnea due to large pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology, leading to the diagnosis of T-LBL. The patient underwent partial pericardiectomy followed by immunophenotyping that confirmed the diagnosis. Chemotherapy was initiated with favorable response. This case highlights the importance of considering lymphoma in young patients with unexplained pericardial effusion and emphasizes the need for prompt diagnostic workup
The relationship between diet and cholesterol levels in the elderly in the work area of the UPTD Sukaraya in 2023
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between diet and cholesterol levels in the elderly in the Sukaraya Health Center work area in 2023. This study was conducted at the Sukaraya Health Center in 2023 using a quantitative research method with an analytical method. The sample of this study was 30 respondents. This study used cross-sectional to assess the relationship between variables and this study used a questionnaire instrument. From the results of the chi-square statistical test, it was found that diet and cholesterol incidence obtained a p value of .001 (<005). This means that there is a relationship between diet and cholesterol incidence in the elderly in the Sukaraya Health Center Uptd work area in 2023. From the conclusion of this study, there is a relationship between diet and cholesterol incidence in the elderly in the Sukaraya Health Center Uptd work area in 2023. Education in the form of socialization for the elderly or families regarding how to prevent cholesterol in the elderly needs to be improved
Psychiatric intervention and quality of life in patient with cancer-related pain in stage IIIB cervical cancer: Case report
Full text linkCancer patients often experience psychological stress, which can lead to depression, especially when they use unhealthy coping strategies. The stress from a cancer diagnosis, treatment challenges, physical symptoms like pain and bleeding, and lack of family support increase the risk of depression, lowering the patient's quality of life. A 56-year-old woman came to Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Her condition worsened after hospitalization, particularly when her husband decided to terminate her treatment. She developed symptoms of depression and was referred to a psychiatrist. She received both medication and therapies like supportive psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and counseling for her husband through a couple-based intervention. A cancer diagnosis often causes psychological stress, which can be managed with healthy coping mechanisms. However, unhealthy coping can lead to depression. Family support is crucial in protecting against this. Psychological screening and treatments, such as SSRI, can help improve a patient's quality of life. Patients with advanced cervical cancer are at high risk of depression due to physical symptoms like pain. Proper screening and treatment are necessary to improve their quality of life
Effects of Upper Limb Children Action-Observation Training (UP-CAT) with and without visual feedback in children with cerebral palsy
Full text linkCerebral palsy is broad term constituting motor disorders, functional impairments and gait disturbance. CP also causes upper limb impairments in children making them unable to perform daily life activities. Numerous rehabilitation techniques are being used for improving upper limb functions. Upper limb children action observation training is a novel, activity-based rehabilitation technique being used for upper limb impairments in children with cerebral palsy. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of upper limb children action observation training with and without visual feedback in children with cerebral palsy. This was a randomized controlled trial, non-probability sampling technique was utilized to gather samples. Computer randomization was used to divide patients into two groups; experimental group received upper limb children action observation training with visual feedback while control group received upper limb children action observation training only. Both groups received interventions for four weeks straight; five days a week and one hour per day. Melbourne Unilateral Upper Limb Assessment Tool and ABILHAND-kids were used for assessment. Assessment were conducted at the baseline and after four-week of treatment. The data was analyzed by using statistical software for social sciences (SPSS 25). 
The study on functional outcomes of dual plating in comminuted distal femur fractures
Full text linkBackground: Comminuted intra-articular distal femur fractures (AO/OTA 33-C2/C3) are difficult to manage due to medial column deficiency and the high risk of failure with single lateral plating. Dual plating has been proposed to improve stability and allow early mobilisation. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at BIRRD Hospital, Tirupati, from January 2022 to November 2024. Thirty-five adults with AO/OTA 33-C2/C3 fractures treated with dual plating were followed for at least 12 months. Demographics, fracture type, time to union, knee range of motion, Neer’s score, weight-bearing milestones, and complications were recorded. Results: The mean age was 42.6 years; 74.3% of injuries were due to road traffic accidents. Fracture distribution was 33-C2 in 42.9% and 33-C3 in 57.1%. Mean time to radiological union was 16.8 weeks, with 91.4% uniting without re-surgery. Neer’s score at one year showed 45.7% excellent and 37.1% good outcomes (82.8% excellent–good). Mean knee flexion was 112°, and 82.9% achieved ≥90° flexion. Complications included delayed union (8.6%), superficial infection (2.9%), stiffness (5.7%), and implant failure (2.9%), with no non-unions. Conclusion: Dual plating provides stable fixation, high union rates, good functional outcomes, and low complication rates in comminuted distal femur fractures. Further comparative studies are warranted
Sepsis management bundle in prevention of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome: Effectiveness of competency-based training among ICU nurses in Gurugram, Haryana
Full text linkBackground: Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, poses significant ICU mortality risk. Early implementation of the Hour-1 Sepsis Bundle can reduce progression to Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), yet nursing knowledge gaps and inconsistent application hinder outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of competency-based training (CBT) on ICU nurses’ knowledge and skill competencies regarding sepsis bundle implementation to prevent MODS. Methods: A one-group pre-test post-test design recruited 60 ICU nurses via purposive sampling in a tertiary-care hospital, Gurugram. A validated knowledge questionnaire and skill checklist assessed competencies pre- and post-intervention. Training included lectures, demonstrations, and simulations. Paired t-tests and Chi-square tests analyzed data (p < 0.05 significance threshold). Results: Mean knowledge scores improved significantly from 10.32 ± 3.12 to 16.48 ± 2.14 (t = 14.67, p < 0.0001). The proportion rated “Highly Competent” rose from 13.95% to 17.82%. Prior sepsis training was significantly associated with higher baseline and post-training knowledge (χ², p = 0.0004). No significant associations with age, gender, or religion, while ICU type influenced outcomes. Conclusion: CBT substantially enhanced ICU nurses’ sepsis bundle competencies. Incorporation of CBT into continuing education and nursing policy is essential to standardize care and reduce sepsis-related mortality
Association between enteral nutrition and the incidence of pneumonia in critical care adults: A literature review
Full text linkBackground: To investigate the association between enteral feeding and the risk of pneumonia in critical care adult patients. Methods: An updated literature review of studies discussing between 2016 and 2023. CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used to explore studies regarding our subject, and the association between enteral feeding and the risk of pneumonia in critical care adults. Results: Enteral nutrition (EN) has been linked to a significant reduction in pneumonia, as well as shorter ICU or hospital stays, and decreased mechanical ventilation duration in numerous studies. Conversely, pneumonia risk and other infections, as well as the fatality rate, have been found to increase with EN. Early initiation of EN within 48 hours, along with a low-calorie diet containing (< 600 Kcal/day) demonstrated a notable decrease in the occurrence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) when contrasted with delayed EN and a high-calorie diet. EN was associated with a marked decrease in adverse events including aspiration pneumonia, emesis, and the escalation of respiratory support. Conclusion: EN is safe and effective in critically ill patients. Future research should investigate the monitoring of larger sample sizes to ascertain the most effective feeding methods in the intensive care unit
Relationship and perceptions of women with humanized childbirth and obstetric violence in Ecuador
Full text linkThis study explores the perceptions and experiences of women in Ecuador regarding humanized childbirth and obstetric violence. This article systematizes a case study conducted in the Organization of Anteña Women (OMA) in the canton of Antonio Ante, in the province of Imbabura, through qualitative ethnographic research. In-depth interviews were conducted with women who experienced different childbirth experiences. As a result, various levels of knowledge about humanized childbirth were identified. Some women understood the cultural and autonomy aspects well, while others were unaware of the concept, which can negatively impact their childbirth experience. It was observed that mothers access information through formal sources, such as courses and talks in health centers. Additionally, the presence of a companion during childbirth was considered an essential component of humanized childbirth. Most interviewees positively valued effective communication and respectful treatment by healthcare personnel. However, aspects for improvement were detected, such as the need for training healthcare personnel to ensure respect for mothers' decisions, clear communication, and continuous emotional support. The results reveal that, although there are advances in the implementation of humanized childbirth, practices of obstetric violence persist, negatively affecting women's experiences.