International journal of health sciences
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Characterization and antimicrobial activity of Piper Betel L. (Betel vine) extract-biosynthesized silver nanoparticles
Full text linkBiosynthesis is a promising and environmentally safe technique for producing effective antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These particles have been used for a long time to combat various bacterial strains and are regarded as an efficient method for addressing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, Piper betel plant extract was tested as an agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Spectrophotometry was employed to determine the optimal extract concentration for biosynthesis while scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Broth microdilution was used to measure their antibacterial efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The highest yield of biosynthesized AgNPs was obtained using a 10% extract preparation. Characterization revealed that the nanoparticles ranged in size from 300-1300 nm and had a branched shape, which is known to enhance antimicrobial effectiveness due to the sharp edges. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA was determined to be 19.53 μg/mL, while the mean minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 21.0 μg/mL. Piper betel extract is an effective agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs
Outcome of posterior instrumentation with interbody grafting in management of lumbar spondylodiscitis
Full text linkBackground: spondylitis is a serious spinal infection that can be effectively managed with conservative treatments in most cases, while severe conditions may necessitate surgical intervention. The choice of surgical approach remains diverse, with ongoing debate about using spinal instrumentation when an infection is active.Bone grafting, particularly using local techniques, plays a vital role in both the stabilization and structural reconstruction of the spine, contributing to improved long-term outcomes in the treatment of spondylodiscitis. Aim: This work reviews the diagnosis, management, and evaluation of posterior instrumentation with bone grafting in spondylodiscitis, focusing on its safety, effectiveness, as well as radiological and clinical results. Patients and methods: This prospective study followed 30 spondylodiscitis patients treated between August 2021 and March 2024, with a minimum 6-month follow-up. It was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospital and Shebin Elkom Neurosurgery Hospital. Results: A total of thirty patients took part in the study, with a mean age of 50 years. The group consisted of nine females and twenty-one males., with previous spinal procedures and diabetes as common risk factors. Symptoms lasted 2-24 weeks with the most prevalent pathogen being Staphylococcus aureus.,. Surgery, mainly due to treatment failure, included posterior instrumentation and interbody grafting. 
Trochanteric tip versus pyriformis entry for nails in femoral shaft fractures: Which is better?
Full text linkBackground: Entry point, either piriformis fossa entry (PFE) or greater trochanter entry (GTE) are the two recognized for IMN, but still debatable, which is better. The aim of this study was to determine which of the two-entry points (PFE or GTE) is preferable to the other for IMN of femoral shaft fractures. Method: A retrospective comparative study of patients with closed femoral shaft fractures (AO type 32-A or B) fixed by antegrade IMN, either GTE or PFE was included. Collected data includes demographic characteristics of both groups, mechanism of injury, AO Classification, Winquist classification, time to surgery, and associated injuries. Operative details, complications and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Functional evaluation using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and RUST score was done at the final follow-up visits. Results: 56 patients were operated for femoral shaft fractures (26 GTE -IMN, and 30 PFE-IMN), with male predominance. The fractures were classified according to AO Classification by either type A (35 patients) or type B (21 patients). Patients were operated on after a meantime 2.76± 2.46 days. 
Breastfeeding methods among teachers at the female training and education institutions in the Municipality of Yopougon
Full text linkBreastfeeding is a mode of infant nutrition that must be prioritized to promote the proper growth of the baby as well as its health. With modernization, women work more and more and are often forced to abandon their babies for work. It is therefore necessary to identify the factors that promote changes in breastfeeding patterns among employed women. This research aims to determine the factors that modify breastfeeding patterns among women in the commune of Yopougon, working in women's socio-educational centers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey in the four Women's Training and Education Institutions in Yopougon (city of Abidjan). It showed that before obtaining a stable civil servant job, 83,72% of the women surveyed adopted the exclusive breastfeeding mode. This proportion decreased to 16.3% after obtaining a civil servant job. The main obstacles to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding by these women are the distance between the place of residence and the place of work, and the insufficient duration of maternity leave. It is important to set up breastfeeding areas and facilitate the transport of women with their babies from home to the place of work for the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding
Study the role of GLP-1 receptor agonist (Liraglutide) on experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in male albino rats
Full text linkThis study is to display glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (liraglutide) role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats and to investigate its mechanism of action. 60 male albino rats were divided into: I) control group; II) DN group; III) DN pre-treated group; IV) DN post-treated group. Group II, III & IV revealed a significant reduction in final body weight compared to control. Group II showed significant decreases in e-GFR, GSH and FoxO1 which were significantly elevated in group III & IV near to control. However, Group II showed significant rises in urinary protein, ACR, BUN, serum creatinine, TNFα, insulin, glucose, HOMA IR, MDA, caspase-12 and GRP78 that were significantly reduced in group III & IV near to control. FoxO1 has positive correlations with e-GFR and GSH and has negative correlations with urinary protein, ACR, BUN, serum creatinine, TNF-α, insulin, glucose, HOMA IR, MDA, caspase-12 and GRP78 in all groups. The histopathological findings of Group II showed glomeruli distortion and interstitial hemorrhage but group III & IV revealed enhancement in renal architecture. We can conclude that liraglutide has a significant role in the protection and treatment of the kidneys in DN.
The Biofilm formation and associated gene detection in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from urinary tract infection patients
No full textObjectives: The study aimed to investigate the ability of Staphylococcus species isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients to form biofilms, and to detect the presence of the biofilm regulatory genes icaA and icaD. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 100 UTI-diagnosed patients at [Baladrouz Hospital] over six months under aseptic conditions. The collected specimens were inoculated onto Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Blood Agar. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the crystal violet staining method. The presence of the icaR gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from urine samples of patients with inflammatory conditions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Results: Different Staphylococcus species exhibited varying biofilm-forming capacities, with the highest observed in S. capitis and the lowest in S. lugdunensis. All tested S. aureus strains were positive for the icaR gene. Most isolates displayed broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, particularly among coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of biofilm formation in antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus species, especially in CoNS. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies for UTIs and reducing the incidence of persistent infections
The medical system of the Garos of Goalpara, Assam: A historical study from the pre-colonial to the colonial period
Full text linkMedicine is a part of Human society from the very beginning until the present time. It makes the medical system by comprising various practices and treatment procedure to prevent and cure diseases. In India, medicine and the medical system was started from the ancient period popularly known as Ayurveda which was enriched by the Unani medicine developed during the medieval period with the advent of the sultans of Delhi. This again saw changes with the introduction of the British rule in Indian scenario. Assam as a part of the historical context of development in the medical system of India, also witnessed transformations in the culture and socio-political administration. The present study will try to draw a historical development in the field of medical practices in the Goalpara District of Assam, after being a Part of the British administration. It will give an understanding of the socio-cultural changes from the pre-colonial to colonial time that the Garo population went through due to the medical activities of the British in the hills
Virtual reality as a distraction strategy during venipuncture procedures in children: A systematic review
Full text linkBackground: Venipuncture is a common but painful and anxiety-provoking medical procedure for children. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a non-pharmacological distraction strategy to mitigate pain and distress. Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing pain and anxiety during venipuncture in pediatric patients. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2010 and March 2024. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results: Ten studies involving 1,032 children aged 4–17 years met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported a statistically significant reduction in self-reported pain and anxiety levels in the VR group compared to control groups using standard care or other distraction methods. VR was also associated with high patient satisfaction and minimal side effects. Conclusion: VR distraction is an effective and safe tool to alleviate pain and anxiety in children undergoing venipuncture. Incorporating VR into pediatric care could improve patient experience and procedural outcomes
Coping strategies for nurse managers exposed to workplace stress
Full text linkNurse managers are part of the healthcare workforce that interacts with the complex healthcare environment that exposes them to workplace stressors. It is necessary for nurse mangers to develop coping strategies that enable them to withstand the workplace stressors and hence cultivate an environment that facilitates provision of quality nursing care. This paper explores the coping strategies used by nurse managers exposed to workplace stressors. The paper reports data generated through a qualitative exploratory inquiry exploring coping strategies used by nurse managers exposed to workplace stressors. Data was collected through written narratives, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes. The results depicted various coping strategies that nurse managers utilised to cope with workplace stress. Four themes emerged from the analysis of data, which were: Engagement with management, peers, and supervisees; Social support and Teamwork; Development of leadership skills: and Resource mobilization. The coping strategies were found to protect nurse managers from the negative impact of stress and created a positive demeanour that facilitates provision of quality services. The study revealed that nurse managers are capable of developing coping strategies that enable them to withstand workplace stressors.
 
Knowledge, attitude, and preventive measures of common people about chronic kidney diseases in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Full text linkBangladesh is one of the most populated countries in the globe. The yearly budget for the people of this country is not satisfactory in the health and education sector. Among the chronic diseases chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the major issue for the common people. CKD is defined as a persistent abnormality in kidney structure or function (e.g., glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria ≥30 mg per 24 hours) for more than 3 months. CKD affects 8% to 16% of the population worldwide. In 2017, CKD resulted in 1.2 million deaths and was the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. However, by taking adequate preventive measures, CKD can be prevented for which proper knowledge about the disease is necessary. This study was carried out to gather information about the knowledge and attitude regarding CKD among the common people of Dhaka city. It is a cross-sectional type of descriptive study conducted for 10 months from March to December 2022 taking responses from 405 correspondents conveniently. Data was collected by a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. The collected data was computed and analyzed.