International journal of health sciences
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Stool culture & sensitivity for vibrio cholera in acute out break of diarrhea
Get PDFBackground: Acute watery diarrhea is a common clinical entity encountered daily in emergency department worldwide. In adults more than 90% of cases of acute diarrhea are caused by infectious agents spread by ingestion of feces contaminated food and water. Objective: To assess the stool Culture & Sensitivity for Vibrio Cholera in Acute Out Break of Diarrhea. Methodology: This study was prospective cohort study targeting all acute bacterial diarrhea cases in patients of either sex and all ages attending the emergency department of Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera Pakistan. The overall sample size was 86 on the basis of WHO sample size calculator. Culture and sensitivity was done for all the isolates of Vibrio cholera. All the data was documented in a special designed proforma and then analyzed by SPSS version 24. Results: In the current study, totally 86 patients were enrolled. There were 50 (58.14%) males and 36 (41.86%) females’ patients in our study. Based on identification, 11 (12.79%) samples were positive for vibrio cholera while 3 (3.49%) samples were positive for Salmonella typhi. Ampicillin was susceptible to 2 (18.18%) isolates while 3 (27.27%) isolates were resistant to ampicillin. 
The prevalence of periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional analytical study in population of Pakistan
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are more susceptible to the initiation of severe periodontitis which can ultimately intensify their systemic inflammation associated with RA. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of periodontitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 168 rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Department of Dentistry and Internal Medicine of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan from January 2022 to December 2022. All the patients were inquired about their demographic details, medical history and smoking habits. A detailed periodontal examination of full mouth was done and plaque index, clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured. Rheumatoid factor (RF)’s presence, number of tender and swollen joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); Disease Activity Index (DAS) and hand radiographs were the different RA parameters which were recorded. Periodontal conditions were then associated and correlated with RA parameters. Results: Out of the total 168 RA patients, there were 142 (84.5%) females and 26 (15.5%) male patients. The overall mean age was 48.6 ± 8.64 years. The overall mean DAS score and disease duration was 4.58 ± 1.32 and 9.58 ± 6.8 years respectively
Changes in oral-health related quality of life, oral hygiene status and body growth in children with special health care needs following oral rehabilitation under general anaesthesia
Get PDFAim: To assess changes in oral health related quality of life, oral hygiene status and body growth in children with special health care needs following dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Methodology: Twenty children with special health care needs undergoing dental treatment undergoing general anaesthesia at the Unit of Pediatric Dentistry and those with Special needs, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University were selected in this study. For each patient oral hygiene status (assessed by Plaque index), weight, height and body mass index were assessed at baseline and at 3,6 and 9 months. OHRQoL was assessed using the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) at baseline as well as 3, 6 and 9 months intervals. Results: At follow up, there was a slight increase in body weight in 100% of patients, 87.5% in height, 25% in body mass index that their percentile curve had been changed while in 75% of cases remain the same percentile curve but higher BMI. The overall Early Childhood Oral health impact scale scores decreased significantly (P < 0.001) demonstrating large effect sizes, at baseline score was significantly higher than at 3, 6 and 9 months respectively. 
The impact of zinc supplementation and serum zinc levels on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires a multifaceted approach to manage the disease, including lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring blood glucose levels. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays a critical role in regulating insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, and immune function. Zinc supplementation may improve glycemic control and reduce oxidative stress in people with type 2 DM. Objectives: To determine whether zinc supplementation can enhance glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients by investigating the relationship between serum zinc levels and glycemic control. Methodology: 100 participants with type 2 DM were recruited from local DM clinics and hospitals to participate in the study. Fifty participants were assigned to the zinc supplementation group and fifty to the placebo group. At the beginning and conclusion of the 12-week study period, serum zinc, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose levels were measured using blood samples. Using the t-test and regression analysis, SPSS (version 23.0) was used to conduct statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 58.2 years, and the majority had a BMI greater than 25. There were no significant differences between the two categories in terms of participant characteristics. 
Risk stratification and anticoagulation strategies for post-PCI management in acute myocardial infarction patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction
Get PDFBackground: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can result in severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and cardiac failure, increasing risk of complications like stroke, thrombo-embolism, and recurrent AMI. Appropriate anticoagulation strategies are crucial for mitigating adverse events. The risk stratification of these patients involves evaluating their propensity for thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Objectives: The study determined risk stratification and anticoagulation strategies for AMI patients with severe LVD post-PCI. Methods: At a tertiary hospital in Peshawar Pakistan, an investigation was conducted on 300 patients who presented with anterior AMI and 40% LVEF upon admission. Group A received anticoagulant therapy as part of their post-PCI management, whereas Group B received standard post-PCI management without anticoagulant therapy. Various risk scores, including CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED score, and major adverse cardiovascular events, were used in assessing patient's risk of thrombosis events of bleeding through risk stratification. Results: Mean age of patients was 63.47+8.19 years, mean BMI was 28.76+3.0 and 193/300 (64.33%) were females. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were the prevailing comorbidities (p<0.05) among the subjects. CHA2DS2-VASc scores classified patients into low-risk group (29.33%), medium risk (59.66%) and high-risk cohort (11%). 
Student’s perspective on NLE examination
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the students' perspective on the National Licensure Examination (NLE). The NLE serves as a crucial evaluation tool for students, assessing their knowledge, skills, and competency in their respective fields. However, little research has focused on understanding the students' perceptions and experiences regarding this examination. The study employs a quantitative research design with a sample size of 300 students. The participants are selected from various educational institutions from Lahore who have recently taken the NLE examination. A questionnaire consisting of Likert-scale and open-ended questions is used to collect data on students' perceptions, attitudes, and experiences related to the NLE examination. Preliminary findings from the study indicate that a majority of students perceive the NLE examination as a highly challenging and stressful experience. Many students reported feeling anxious and pressured due to the significance of the examination for their academic and professional careers. However, despite the stress, a significant number of students also acknowledged the importance of the NLE examination in ensuring the quality and standardization of professionals in their field. Furthermore, the study explores the students' perceptions regarding the content and format of the NLE examination
A review article: CAD-CAM in removable dental prosthesis
Get PDFRemovable dentures are a treatment option for replacing missing teeth. Use digital technologies in manufacturing of removable dental prosthesis is recent with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). Additive or subtractive methods can be used for the fabrication of removable dentures. This review includes articles from the last 5 years on the use of CAD-CAM for manufacture of removable prostheses. The most frequent failures of the conventional system in the manufacture of removable dental prosthesis should avoid with digital workflow in clinical procedures, fabrication methods and materials used. Intraoral scans for removable dentures have been a lack of accuracy and difficulties in capturing soft tissues because. Manufacturing of removable dental prostheses with CAD-CAM has proven properties clinically acceptable, with milled, three-dimensional printer or laser‐sintered methods. CAD-CAM-milled and rapid-prototyped of removable denture are similar in terms of biocompatibility and surface roughness. This technology allows exploring the use of new materials such as polyetheretherketone for manufacture of frameworks for removable prostheses. Digital scanning, three-dimensional printing or milled method is more efficient and more comfortable, allowing advantages in terms of time and cost of prosthesis with predictable results. New studies are needed to show the benefits of CAD-CAM technology in removable dental prosthesis
Evaluate the prevalence of microbial complexes in endodontic-periodontal lesion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground and aim: the aim of the present study was to Evaluate the Prevalence of Microbial Complexes in Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions. Method: Present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA 2020 Checklist. Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase were searched for systematic literature until 30 November 2022. A 95% confidence interval for effect size with the random effect model and REML method were calculated. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata/MP v.17 software. Result: In the initial review, duplicate studies were eliminated and abstracts of 228 studies were reviewed, the full text of 53 studies was reviewed by two authors, and finally, 8 studies were selected. The overall prevalence of orange complex in root canals was 42% (OR, 42% 95% CI 5%, 92%) with low heterogeneity (I2=0%; P =1.00). The overall prevalence of orange complex in periodontal pockets was 34% (OR, 34% 95% CI 0%, 83%) with low heterogeneity (I2=0%; P =1.00). Conclusion: Based on the present meta-analysis, there are similarities between a root canal and periodontal pocket microorganisms in terms of prevalence
Efficacy of tooth-supported fixed prostheses among periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground and aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of tooth-supported fixed prostheses among periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients. Method: Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, ISI Web of knowledge and Embase were searched for systematic literature between 2011 to 30 November 2022. Data analysis was performed using STATA/MP V17 software. 95% confidence interval for effect size with fixed effect model and Inverse-variance method were calculated. Result: In the initial review, duplicate studies were eliminated and abstracts of 203 studies were reviewed, the full text of 54 studies was reviewed by two authors, finally, 7 studies were selected. Failure rate of tooth-supported fixed prostheses was 8% (ES, 8% 95% CI -0.80, 0.96), biological complications were 4% (ES, 4% 95% CI -0.93 1.02) and technical complications were 22% (ES, 22% 95% CI -0.76 1.20). Conclusion: Based on the current meta-analysis, the failure rate of tooth-supported fixed prostheses was low, and this therapeutic approach can be used to restore chewing function in patients with advanced periodontitis
Evaluate different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground and aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate different nanoparticles in dental restorative materials. Method: Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase were searched for systematic literature between 2012 to July 2022. Data analysis was performed using STATA/MP V17 software. 95% confidence interval for mean differences or Hedges' g (a measure of effect size) with fixed effect model and Inverse-variance method were calculated. Result: In the initial review, duplicate studies were eliminated and abstracts of 151 studies were reviewed, the full text of 42 studies was reviewed by two authors, and finally, 11 studies were selected. Hedges' g of changes to the bacterial activity of dental restorative materials for silver nanoparticles was –1.90 (Hedges' g -1.90 95% CI -2.52, -1.28), for calcium phosphate nanoparticles, was –0.64 (Hedges' g -0.64 95% CI -2.03, 0.94), for CaP/Ag nanoparticles was –0.44 (Hedges' g -0.44 95% CI –1.83, 0.94) and Hedges' g of changes to the bacterial activity of dental restorative materials for Titanium dioxide nanoparticles was –2.41 (Hedges' g -2.41 95% CI –3.11, -1.72).