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Factors affecting compliance on the usage of face masks by street vendors during COVID-19 pandemic in Pretoria, South Africa
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major concern all over the world and in a bid to limit and control the spread, several mechanisms were introduced including the usage of mask in serving as a barrier. The present study was set out to investigate factors affecting compliance to the usage of face mask among street vendors in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods: The study was carried out in the Northern and Central parts of the city. The study adopted a mixed method approach as part of an exploratory descriptive survey design and involved 257 purposively selected street vendors selling their goods along major streets of Pretoria. The study was underpinned by knowledge-attitude-behaviour theory as the underlying theoretical framework. Results: Key findings demonstrated that age and gender played a significant role in participants’ adherence to the usage of face masks. A major factor contributing to the non-adherence on the usage of the mask was the eagerness to continue participating in their businesses so that they could generate income for the provision and sustenance of their family needs. Some of the respondents (28%) believed that COVID-19 was a myth
Morphology and morphometry of the renal artery and its variations: A cadaveric study
Get PDFAim: To study of the morphology and the morphometry of renal artery and its variations in the branching pattern of the renal artery in the cadavers. Introduction: The kidneys are pair of essential excretory organs which elaborate urine and eliminate nitrogenous waste products of protein metabolism from the blood and maintain electrolyte and water balance of the body. Each kidney is situated retroperitoneally in the posterior abdominal wall by the side of the vertebral column, extends from T12 to L3 vertebra. Right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney due to the presence of liver. The structures passing through renal hilum antero posteriorly are renal vein, renal artery and renal pelvis. Variations in renal vessels are mainly due to various developmental positions of the kidneys. Renal artery variations are becoming more important due to the gradual increase in interventional radiological procedures, urological and vascular operations, and renal transplantation. Methods: The present study was carried out in 50 specimens obtained from formalin preserved human cadavers, and studied by dissection method. The Renal arteries were and their branching pattern were noted then, photographed, and numbered the abnormalities if any were noted. 
The relationship of resilience and social support with post-traumatic growth: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies
Get PDFThe current research design was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of the research includes all the children of the witness families living in the border provinces of Iraq, which was selected based on Morgan's table, a sample of 250 people was available. The data were collected using the social support scale, flexibility of emotion regulation strategies and post-traumatic growth scale and were tested and analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and structural equation model in SPSS24 and AMOS24 software. The results showed, there was a direct and significant relationship between social support and resilience with post-traumatic growth. Also, emotion regulation strategies indirectly mediated the effects of resilience and social support on post-traumatic growth. It is suggested to pay attention to resilience training, emotion regulation and support for people who have experienced trauma
Bonseti method: Non-major surgical treatment for club foot
Get PDFBackground: The club foot is a common, classic paediatric orthopedic problem. Every orthopedic surgeon knows what deformity looks like but most find it more difficult to describe or to define. The etiology is still largely unknown but ideas about treatment have changed considerably over the last few years. Method: Ponseti technique of treatment was applied on 14 babies with congenital club feet from April 2010 to June 2011, a total of 26 club feet were managed at Orthopedic department in AL Basrah General Hospital by serial manipulation and casting as described by Ponseti, included serial manipulation and casting of the deformity, minimal corrective surgery (tenatomy of Achilles tendon) and maintenance of correction by orthosis. Result: Club feet correction was obtained in all feet, 100% of feet required (10-12) cast for correction, average time for full correction ranging from (10-12) weeks. No one of our patient required extensive corrective surgery, no relapse during the period of our study. Conclusion: Ponseti method is a safe and effective treatment for congenital idiopathic club foot and significantly decrease the need for extensive corrective surgery, this technique can be used in children up to 2 years of age
Anatomy-based drug dosing strategies for surgical patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Anatomy-based drug dosing strategies have emerged as a personalized approach to medication administration in surgical patients. In a sample of 150 patients who had major abdominal surgery, the purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of this strategy. Methods: The anatomy-based dosage group and the control group were separated into two groups of patients. In the anatomy-based dosing group, medication doses were calculated based on individual body composition and organ function, while in the control group, medication doses were calculated based on standard weight-based dosing. The primary outcomes evaluated were the incidence of adverse drug reactions, pain scores, and time to postoperative recovery. Results: When compared to the control group's rate of adverse medication responses (30%), the incidence in the anatomy-based dosage group was much lower (14.3%). With a mean score of 3.8 compared to 4.4 in the control group, pain levels were also considerably lower in the anatomy-based dosage group. The mean postoperative recovery time was 8.2 days for the anatomy-based dosage group and 8.5 days for the control group, which is comparable between the two groups. 
Approach to undifferentiated dyspnea in emergency department
Get PDFStudied cases with acute dyspnea may benefit from quick diagnosis & effective treatment that can save their lives. Emergency patient's history, physical examination, chest radiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, & measurement of brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-BNP are all techniques for evaluating studied cases who may have acute decompensated heart failure. Chest USG has attracted interest recently since it can be used to diagnose acute respiratory failure in intensive care units. Both cardiac & non-cardiac causes were present in sizable portion of studied cases (twenty eight percent) who presented with dyspnea. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct thorough investigations for all principal reasons for dyspnea in every studied case because a large proportion of patients may have various diseases processes that are accountable for their symptoms
Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in women with chronic pelvic pain
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Chronic pelvic pain can be diagnosed and treated with laparoscopy, which can reveal findings that cannot be detected clinically. There are many health related issues associated with chronic pelvic pain, and it negatively impacts overall health and ability to work. An assessment of diagnostic laparoscopy's role in chronic pelvic pain women was the purpose of the present study. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 98 women (16-45 years) present with chronic pelvic pain attended the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from June 2020 to June 2021. Study protocol was approved by institute research and ethical committee. Women with chronic pelvic pain (>6 months) without obvious pathological findings based on ultrasound and clinical examination were enrolled. Clinical findings, laparoscopic data, and ultrasound examination of each individual was recorded. SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age was 26.34±4.6 years. Age-wise distribution of women was as follows: 8 (8.2%) in 16-25 years, 48 (49%) in 26-35 years, and 42 (42.8%) in 36-45 years. Majority of women (92.6%) were married. About 9 (9.2%) women underwent previous surgery
Clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of thyroid papillary carcinoma in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent types of thyroid cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of thyroid papillary carcinoma in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 486 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in the surgical department of Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan Pakistan from March 2020 to March 2023. All the patients were categorized into two groups: Group-I (papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto thyroiditis) and Group-II (papillary thyroid carcinoma without Hashimoto thyroiditis). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), age, central compartment lymph node metastasis (CLNM), gender, nodular size, and invasive status were different clinicopathological factors recorded. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age was 42.84±10.8 years. Out of 486 patients, Group-I had 76 (15.6%) patients whereas Group-II had 410 (84.4%) patients. There were 52 (10.7%) male and 434 (89.3%) females. The incidence of final diagnosis of benign thyroid nodule and PTC was 53.9% (n=262) and 46.1% (n=224) respectively. The prevalence of PT in Group-I was significantly higher 56.8% 57.9% (n=44) than in Group-II 43.4% (n=178). 
Return rates for opioid versus nonopoid management of patients with abdominal pain in the emergency department
Get PDFGiven the nationwide opioid epidemic, EM clinicians are in a unique position to address it by increasing the use of non-opioid analgesia, prescribing parenteral & oral opioids inED & at discharge with care, & identifying & treating studied cases with opioid use disorder while they are still in ED. In a side-by-side study of NSAIDs (valdecoxib) and opioid/acetaminophen combinations, individuals with acute MSK pain in the ED experienced comparable pain reduction for short-term analgesia (up to sixty minutes). NSAIDs had comparable analgesic efficacy to acetaminophen at one to two hours & two to three days in studied cases with acute STIs as well as opioids at 1 hour (moderate certainty evidence) & four to seven days (low certainty evidence). Studied cases who present to EDwith range of acute painful syndromes, various chronic painful syndromes, or pain syndromes connected to cancer receive quick & efficient pain treatment using opioid analgesics. When it is determined that the chance of analgesic benefit outweighs likelihood of harm, opioids ought to be utilized in EDas part of multimodal analgesia in conjunction with non-pharmacological & non-opioid therapy
Measuring the extent of patient satisfacation with the services provided by health care in Madinah
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to identify the level of quality of healthcare services provided at the Madinah hospital and to measure the impact of the quality of healthcare services on patient satisfaction. The study also aimed to provide suggestions and recommendations to the hospital on how to improve the quality of healthcare services to positively impact patient satisfaction. The research will use a descriptive methodology, which involves identifying variables and phenomena related to the study, as well as an analytical methodology that analyzes the data obtained through research tools using statistical methods to achieve the study's purpose. The study found that there is a high level of quality of healthcare services in terms of their dimensions (tangibles, reliability, safety, empathy, responsiveness), as well as a high level of patient satisfaction with healthcare services in Madinah. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the level of quality of healthcare services and patient satisfaction. Specifically, for every 1% increase in the quality of healthcare services, patient satisfaction increased by 0.546%.