International journal of health sciences
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Dosimetric comparison between intensity modulated radiotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in adjuvant setting after radical cystectomy in high-risk urothelial bladder cancer
Get PDFObjective: To compare the 4-field 3D conformal radiotherapy technique (3DCRT) to the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) 9-field technique for adjuvant radiotherapy post radical cystectomy in high-risk urothelial bladder cancer cases. Patients and Methods: A dosimetric analysis of 11 urothelial bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy was performed. These patients were presented to the radiotherapy department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, between 2018 and 2020 with adjuvant radiotherapy using the IMRT technique. Two plans were designed for each patient, one using 9-field IMRT and the second using 4-field 3DCRT. The two techniques were compared, including the PTV, bowel bag, rectum, neobladder, and pelvic bone marrow. Results: Comparing different DVHs, the planning target volume (PTV) was adequately covered in both plans, while the 9-field IMRT technique delivered significantly lower doses to OARs (bowel, rectum, and pelvic bone marrow). Conclusion: The IMRT technique incredibly spared the OARs more than that obtained by the 3DCRT technique, while both techniques covered the PTV adequately. The IMRT technique, through sparing OARs, was expected to decrease early and late radiation side effects
Analysis and measurement of the impact of government spending on Iraq's poverty indicators for 2004-2018
Get PDFGovernment spending policies are one of the most prominent economic policies affecting some of the economic variables that support the economic growth process, because of their underlying impact on Iraq's long-term poverty rates and their increased impact after 2003, inter alia, on economic, social and political grounds. The research was based on the premise that despite increased spending and strategies to reduce poverty in Iraq, public spending policy suffers from distortions, inefficiencies and effectiveness as income variation increases during the research period. The research aims to analyse and measure the impacts of public spending policy on poverty trends and to clarify the most important mechanisms used, especially in Iraq after 2003, and what their economic and social implications are, as well as to establish a relationship between government spending policies and poverty indicators using a quantitative method. The study found that despite the gradual decline in poverty in Iraq from 40% in 2005 to its lowest level in 2012, which was 18.9% due to public employment and high government expenditure due to increased public revenues, it went back up almost to 24.2% in 2019 
Development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir by UV spectrophotometer method in bulk and tablet dosage forms
Get PDFThe day-by-day new combinations drugs are being introduced in market. Then the multiple therapeutic agents which acts at different sites are used in the management of various diseases and disorders are done. Thus it is necessary to develop methods for analysis with the help of number of analytical techniques which are available for the estimation of the drugs in combination. An accurate, precise and reproducible UV spectrophotometer method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in tablet dosage forms. Methods: Younglin (S. K.) gradient system UV detector and C18 column with 250 mm x 4.6 mm i. d. and 5μm particle size Acetonitrile: OPA water (80: 20v/v) pH 2.5 was used as the mobile phase for the method. The detection wavelength was 283 nm and flow rate was 0.9 ml/min. Results: In the developed method, the retention time of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were found to be 6.366 min and 8.616 min. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Conclusion: In this methods linearity, precision, range, robustness were observed. The method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, economic and reproducible. 
Evolution of drugs VIS-A-VIS socio legal aspect: A historical perspective
Get PDFIt is incredibly difficult to determine who developed the first medication. Perhaps stories have obscured the genesis and early history of medicine and drugs. The use of therapeutic herbs predates both human civilisation and ancient culture. Plants have played a key role in maintaining human health and well-being. The fact that the term Drug is derived from the French word drogue, which meaning dry herb, clearly implies that the first medicines were extracted from plants. Priority was given to plants over animal products and minerals in the treatment of illnesses by the earliest humans, who resorted to a variety of non-conventional techniques including plants, animal products, and minerals. Despite variances in their treatment concepts, the traditional medical systems of the world, such as Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, and Greek Medicine, all agree that sickness is caused by an imbalance among the body's elements and that the goal of therapy is to restore the balance using herbs. Thus, plants were crucial in the evolution of pharmacology and pharmacy. The magnificent architect of modern-day sophisticated Pharmacology was not constructed overnight, but its basis was established on an ancient foundation. 
Evaluation of shear bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to heat polymerized denture base resin after different surface treatments on the bonding surface of acrylic denture teeth - an in vitro study
Get PDFPresent study aimed to improve the bond strength of denture teeth to acrylic resin denture base by chemical or mechanical modification on the bonding surface of denture teeth. Total 40 artificial acrylic resin central incisors and lateral incisors were divided into five groups: group I, 8 samples without modification (control group); group II, 8 samples (bonding surface of teeth were treated with monomer); group III, 8 samples (bonding surface of teeth were treated with monomer and the glaze layer removed with aluminum oxide stone bur); group IV, 8 samples (bonding surface of teeth were treated with acetone); and group V, 8 samples (acetone application followed by glaze layer removed with aluminum oxide stone bonding surface of acrylic resin teeth). They were mounted on wax blocks, and the blocks were acrylized. The bond strength values were obtained by subjecting the samples to shear compressive load under universal testing machine. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The mean value of bond strength was highest for group E (modified by aluminum oxide abrasion prior to dichloromethane application), followed by group C (modified by aluminum oxide abrasion prior to monomer application), group D (modified by dichloromethane application), group B (modified by monomer application)
The effect of special exercises in developing some physical abilities and basic skills in basketball under 16 years old
Get PDFHence the role of sports training in applying its principles, rules and scientific foundations in building the necessary training curricula in every sporting game and activity, including basketball, which has the specificity of special physical requirements and high-level technical performance, in addition to that of its practitioners from age groups compared to other sports. Assistive training is one of the most important factors that achieve this in basketball because it is one of the accelerating factors in the learning and training process if it is used well through the researcher’s experience as a basketball player and watching most of the tournaments in Iraq. During the match, as a result of the weak physical abilities of the players and the team represented by individual differences, which does not fit the nature of the basketball game, which depends on rapid performance, and this weakness may be caused by the lack of focus on the use of special exercises that help players in developing abilities and skills
The effect of exercises specific to the ballistic training method in developing some of the harmonic and physical abilities of young football players
Get PDFFrom the table, it appeared to us that there were significant differences in favor of the experimental group. The researcher attributed the development of the experimental group in the harmonic abilities tests to the training method that the researcher used according to scientific foundations according to the components of the training load, taking into account the individual differences between the members of the research sample as well as the significant differences in the physical tests in favor of the experimental group. Abul-Ela points out that there is a direct correlation between the level of capabilities in any sports activity and the extent to which the physical and motor requirements for that activity improve, and the level of differences is due to the effectiveness of the exercises prepared by the researcher, which brought about this development in the harmonic and kinetic abilities, and therefore this development will undoubtedly be reflected in the performance The skills of the football player confirms the researcher through the level of development of the post-test of the experimental group as in Table (5).
ISO urban quality to measure the level of efficiency of urban transport
Get PDFProviding and improving city services is critical to local governments, decision-makers, planners, and international and civil society organizations. Therefore, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) sought to develop the standard specification 37120 under the name (Sustainable Cities and Communities - Indicators of city services and quality of life) to measure the efficiency of services for cities and to grant it the ISO certificate in urban quality through a set of indicators for various areas of life in the city. Including the field of urban transport is the basis of development and is directly related to the lives and jobs of the city's residents, where the efficiency of urban transport in the study area (the city of Fallujah) will be known in light of the ISO 37120:2018 standard and compared with the cities (Amman and Toronto) using statistical analysis programs, where the results showed fairly equal between the two cities (Fallujah and Amman) and a large gap between the two cities (Fallujah and Toronto). The research suggested making improvements to the transportation network in the study area
Flexibility at the female teachers at the kindergarten
Get PDFThe research aims to know: Flexibility among kindergarten teachers, Flexibility of married and unmarried kindergarten teachers, Flexibility of kindergarten teachers according to years of service. In her study, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach in the study, where the research sample consisted of (250) female teachers for statistical analysis out of (301) female teachers, out of a total of (180) female teachers in the Najaf Education Directorate, and out of a total of (70) female teachers in the Kufa Education Branch. And out of a total of (51) female teachers in the Manathira Education Branch, and they were randomly selected from the General Directorate of Education in the Najaf Governorate and its branches, the Manathira Education Branch and the Kufa Education Branch, for the governorate with its center, districts, and all its districts, for the academic year (2021-2022) , and the researcher built The research scale represented by (the flexibility scale), which is as follows: Flexibility scale. 
Ear problems and COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: Tinnitus and hearing loss are frequent otological symptoms seen in the outpatient Otorhinolaryngology department. There have been reports of hearing loss and tinnitus among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). There was a lack of interest in studying these symptoms among researchers patients infected with COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of hearing loss and tinnitus in those who suffer fromA hospital has been infected with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: It's an ongoing, descriptive research that includes 96 COVID-19 patients. Hearing loss and tinnitus were investigated as possible side effects of the illnesses. Patients with COVID-19 (22.91 percent) were found.Infections that cause ringing in the ears and ringing in the ears. They all tested positive for COVID-19.By using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the swab, an infection might be detected. For the evaluation of hearing loss, a thorough history and clinical examination of the ear were conducted.and the effects of tinnitus were examined. Results: Out of a total of 22 patients, 45.45 percent had tinnitus and 36.36 percent had hearing loss.18.18 percent of those surveyed had both hearing loss and tinnitus, which is the most common combination