International journal of health sciences
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Ki-67 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in Iraqi breast cancer patients
Get PDFBreast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the major cause of cancer-related death among women in both developed and developing countries. In Iraq, breast cancer accounted for 37.9% of all malignant cases in 2020 and 15.3% of cancer-related fatalities. Relevant biomarkers play an important role in predicting prognosis and deciding the most effective therapy for each patient to delay metastases and reduce mortality. Objective: This study aimed to assess the significance of Ki-67 expression as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer patients as well as investigate the correlations between Ki-67 and their clinicopathological features. Methods: The case-control study comprised sixty newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and ten women with benign breast tumors who served as controls. We assessed the tissue expression level of Ki-67 protein using the immunohistochemistry technique. Results: Our results showed that the median immunohistochemical expression scores of Ki-67 in the newly diagnosed breast cancer group were higher than those of the control group; the difference was significant (p < 0.001). The Ki-67 expression score in breast cancer cells increases with tumor size and grade. Ki-67 expression showed a substantial negative correlation with estrogen receptor expression and a significant positive correlation with HER2 expression.
Integration of artificial intelligence in histopathological and radiological image analysis: Enhancements in diagnostic workflow
Get PDFAim: This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in both histopathological and radiological image analysis, focusing on its potential to enhance diagnostic workflows and patient outcomes. Methods: We examined recent advancements in AI technologies, particularly deep learning and computational pathology (CPath), highlighting methodologies such as multiple instance learning (MIL) and graph neural networks (GNNs) for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) and radiological imaging techniques like MRI and CT scans. The review also discusses challenges in data privacy, ethical concerns, and regulatory needs. Results: AI-driven tools have demonstrated improved accuracy in detecting diseases such as cancers by automating image analysis and enhancing image quality. Techniques like virtual staining and segmentation facilitate the quantification of morphological traits, enabling better prognostic predictions. Radiological imaging techniques integrated with AI provide crucial complementary information on anatomical abnormalities and disease progression. Despite these advancements, challenges like the need for substantial human annotation and computational resources persist. Conclusion: The future of AI in histopathology and radiology looks promising, with ongoing innovations poised to refine diagnostic capabilities and foster personalized medicine. Addressing ethical and practical concerns will be critical for the responsible implementation of AI technologies in clinical settings
Alcohol as food, drug, and poison: Its multifaceted impact on society
Get PDFThe intricate effects of alcohol on society and human health are examined in this article titled "Alcohol as Food, Drug, and Poison: Its Multifaceted Impact on Society." This paper accentuates the impacts and complications of alcohol by exploring it from three different angles: as a food, a drug, and a poison. Although alcohol has historically been used for therapeutic, dietary, and recreational purposes, this paper brings to the fore the serious hazards associated with its use, such as addiction, deteriorating health, and negative societal effects. The essay explores the social variables that affect the use of alcohol and the mechanisms by which it affects the body. It offers a balanced perspective that considers both the advantages and perils to guide more effective regulation and social attitudes
Advancements in pediatric imaging: A review of techniques for reducing radiation exposure
Get PDFPediatric imaging research has been particularly susceptible to the phenomenon of technologic "leapfrogging", in which advances in technology have outstripped progress in validating and implementing them in a patient-based, clinical setting. This review describes work underway to develop new techniques that can reduce pediatric imaging radiation exposure, principally by investigating new acquisition technologies and adjusting existing techniques, protocols, and practices to better conform to the special imaging needs of pediatric patients. These efforts have already helped develop and bring to the clinic new technologies such as iterative reconstruction for CT, dynamic helical CT, and quantitative susceptibility mapping for MRI. The pieces are also in place for additional future benefits for pediatric imaging. Advances in imaging, particularly for pediatrics, are often achieved late in the product cycle, with the result that new beneficial technologies take years, sometimes an entire market cycle, before they are adopted clinically due to the slow pace of capital equipment acquisition
Physical activity and indices of physical well-being in children and adolescents with trisomy 21
Get PDFIntroduction: Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is the most common genetic disorder, which is caused by a chromosomal abnormality and presents various deviations in areas such as mental and motor levels. The presence of extra information corresponding in whole or in part to chromosome 21 affects the development of children with trisomy 21, and abnormal gene expression leads to changes in brain function. The overall prevalence of the syndrome is one (1) to two (2) per thousand (1,000) live births, although the prevalence may have variability among racial or ethnic groups. The purpose of this research is to highlight the deviations in the balance ability, the strength of the upper limbs, and to what extent they affect the quality of life of children and adolescents with trisomy 21. Methods: Eighteen (18) children and adolescents with trisomy 21 participated in the research, with three (3) being excluded due to exclusion criteria. Fifteen (15) children and adolescents with trisomy 21 were finally included, of which four (4) were boys and eleven (11) were girls. 
Impact of a health education session on the knowledge of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV) among the school teachers
Get PDFIntroduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer cause of death in developing countries. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine is crucial in reducing its incidence. Unfortunately, there is limited awareness about the availability of the HPV vaccine in India. Method: Knowledge about HPV was assessed among the school teachers by using a questionnaire about HPV and HPV vaccine. Following a health education session on HPV and its vaccination using a PowerPoint presentation, their knowledge was reassessed. Results: A total of 155 teachers participated in the research (152 female, 3 male) from 5 schools. A significant negative association (r = -0.186) (p<0.05) between the age and pre-test score of the participants was noted. The mean of pre intervention score (7.03 ± 3.35) was less than the mean of post intervention score (12.64 ± 2.41). Paired t-Test was performed and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The pre-test results revealed a clear gap in knowledge about the HPV vaccine among school teachers. However, the substantial increase in understanding following the session highlighted the effectiveness of basic educational interventions in closing their knowledge gap regarding vaccination.
The SLE-specific functioning support outlook: Scale development and psychometric evaluation of a new instrument
Get PDFBackground: The indispensable influence of social support is not commonly considered in most instruments for measuring daily functioning. There is a gap in self-report measures on the perceived impact of social support on daily functioning. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Functioning Support Outlook Scale, a new instrument designed to assess the perceived or anticipated impact of social support on daily functioning. Design: Methodological design. Methods: Involves three phases: (1) conceptualization and item generation, (2) preliminary item evaluation, and (3) field testing of the instrument. Results: A 13-item instrument emerged with two subscales, namely, Perceived Enhancing Vitality and Perceived Fighting Endurance, which explained 81.48% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha of the final version is 0.967, while that of the subscale Perceived Enhancing Vitality is 0.954, with 5 items, and that of the subscale Perceived Fighting Endurance, with 8 items, is 0.957. Conclusion: The newly developed instrument is valid and reliable, has high content validity and acceptable Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and can be used to assess the daily functioning of individuals with alterations in functioning
Nutrition's effect on male fertility: A retrospective study
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of food on male fertility in a sample of Egyptian men. Background: Eating a varied and healthful diet may be an essential aspect of sustaining good overall health. However, specific vitamins and food groups may have a more substantial impact on reproductive health than others. A male's diet may affect his fertility. Method: Type of study Case control nested in a cross-sectional study It was conducted during the period from September 1st, 2021, to 1st of September 1st, 2022, in Dermatology and Andrology Outpatient Clinic in Menoufia University. Results: The results Twenty hundred and fifty-seven married men who have a regular sexual relation, eating different types of food accepting to participate in this study, the highest percentage of the participants were from urban areas, aged 30-39 years, weighed more than 90 kg, were 170-180 cm tall and had secondary education. Conclusion: Nutrition can both negatively and positively affect the quality of semen. The diet should include vegetables and fruit, fish and seafood, nuts, seeds, whole-grain and fibre-rich products, poultry, and low-fat dairy products
Interprofessional Education (IPE)
Get PDFBackground: Interprofessional Education (IPE) has emerged as a pivotal strategy in addressing the fragmented nature of healthcare delivery. By fostering collaboration among disciplines such as Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory Science, IPE bridges gaps in communication, enhances teamwork, and improves patient outcomes. Despite its recognized potential, the integration of IPE into healthcare education faces challenges related to implementation, sustainability, and evaluation. Aim: This paper aims to explore the theoretical underpinnings, implementation strategies, and outcomes of IPE programs, with a focus on their impact on interdisciplinary collaboration among Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory professionals. Methods: A systematic review of recent studies, case reports, and institutional initiatives was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of IPE. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, healthcare education reports, and surveys. Key metrics included improvements in teamwork, patient safety, and professional competency. Qualitative data from case studies and participant interviews were also analyzed to capture experiential insights. Results: Findings indicate that IPE significantly enhances interdisciplinary communication and reduces errors in patient care. Participants reported increased understanding of roles and responsibilities across professions. Case studies highlighted successful implementation of IPE in both academic and clinical settings, though challenges such as logistical barriers and resistance to change persist. 
Interdisciplinary approaches to the opioid crisis: optimizing pain management through nurse-pharmacist collaboration
Get PDFBackground: With disastrous effects on both individuals and communities, the opioid crisis continues to be a major public health concern. Widespread opiate abuse and overdose deaths have been exacerbated by fragmented care, inappropriate prescribing practices, and a lack of patient education. A multidisciplinary strategy that makes use of the distinct expertise of healthcare providers is necessary for effective pain management, especially in complex circumstances. A promising approach to overcoming these obstacles is nurse-pharmacist collaboration, which aims to minimize opioid-related risks while improving pain management. Aim: this essay is to examine the multidisciplinary contributions that pharmacists and nurses may make to the fight against the opioid crisis. It specifically looks into how collaborative models support responsible opioid use, increase patient safety, and improve pain management outcomes. Methods: Evidence from clinical guidelines, policy evaluations, and peer-reviewed studies was synthesized in a comprehensive assessment of the literature. The review concentrated on nurse-pharmacist collaboration treatments, their application in various healthcare environments, and their effects on patient outcomes and opioid prescriptions. Results: Through individualized treatment plans, greater patient education, and strict oversight of opioid usage, interdisciplinary collaboration improves pain management.