International journal of health sciences
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A survey study of the plants of Al Hur District in the Holy City of Karbala
Full text linkThis study examined the current survey of the gymnosperm plant and angiosperm plant of dicotyledon and monocotyledon wild during the study period (2021-2022) in the area of Kerbala disitricts, there are (287) species which relate to (192) genus and (58) families. The dicotyledone species 243) beloing to (50) families, the monocotyledon species (44) beloing to (8) families. All these have been scientifically classified with their local and common or Arabic names. Besides their duration and economic importance (medical, toxis, nutritional, forage, artificial, harmful, aromatic, ornamental, fuelplant or other uses). Moreover, their geographical distribution the districts of Iraq and the study results statistics have shown that the vast majority of the collected species are horbal plants totalling (183) wild species out of (287) wild species. As for the shrub species it amounts to (33) wild species where as the number of woody species of tree is (12) as the number of parasitic species is (4)
Emerging antibiotic resistance profiles in urinary tract infections among the elderly: A critical review
Full text linkAntibiotic resistance is an increasing danger to treating UTIs in aging patients. These assessments found a regarding raise in multidrug-resistant bacteria those making old-style antibiotics less effective. The weakened immune systems, numerous healthcare exposures, and several chronic conditions in elderly patients subsidize to this resistance. These evaluations explore other strategies outside antibiotics. The capable options include cranberry for anticipation, immune-boosting vaccines, and estrogen therapy for postmenopausal women to decrease repetition. Those rapid and precise diagnostic apparatuses like multiplex PCR panels can also recover treatment by identifying the specific bacteria and its antibiotic vulnerability. However antibiotic stewardship programs are crucial to fight resistance. So these programs promote evidence-based prescribing, track antibiotic use, and educate healthcare benefactors on appropriate usage. The continuous monitoring of resistance designs is also important to guide treatment conclusions and public health policies. At last the collaboration among healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers is highlighted. This cooperation is critical to progress effective approaches to combat resistance, enhance treatment for the elderly, and preserve the upcoming of antibiotics
Comparison between flexible ureteroscopy in pre-stented group of patients and none pre-stented patients
Full text linkBackground: Ureteroscopy has a low re-treatment rate and a high stone-free rate, making it a very successful therapy for ureteral stones. Though ureteral stent installation may make ureteroscope and ureteral access sheath insertion easier, it may come with more complications before and after the procedure. Aim: The objective of the research was to examine the disparities between pre-stenting and non-presenting ureteroscopy in the management of ureteral stones. Summary: Preoperative implantation of a ureteral stent may somewhat reduce the duration of surgery and enhance the stone-free rates in individuals having flexible ureteroscopy (fURS), however the effect is not statistically significant. Preoperative stenting resulted in a longer hospital stay and higher hospital expenses, but did not affect the incidence of complications and re-operations. Based on these data, it may be concluded that it is not justifiable to perform preoperative ureteral stent implantation before fURS for the treatment of upper urinary calculi. Nevertheless, due to the constraints of our study, more rigorous research, such as prospective randomized clinical trials, is necessary to validate our results
Targeting mycobacterial efflux system to enhance tuberculosis therapy: Review article
Full text linkThe worldwide health epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) persists. It still claims millions of lives each year despite medical breakthroughs. Long-term therapies, drug-resistant TB strains, and co-infections with conditions like HIV necessitate novel approaches. The use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) efflux pumps, which actively expel drugs and decrease their effectiveness, is one such approach. EPIs (Efflux Pump Inhibitors) have the potential to treat tuberculosis. This review offers insights into Mtb's immune evasion mechanisms, including its strong cell wall, granuloma formation, immunological modulation, and dormancy, as well as TB epidemiology, worldwide eradication efforts, and those processes. Dissecting Efflux Pumps highlights their significance in drug resistance, particularly against first-line TB medications. Efflux pumps are notorious for causing antibiotic resistance. EPIs may have benefits such as increased drug efficacy, resistance reversal, shortened treatment durations, less toxicity, improved adherence, and targeting of latent TB. The effectiveness of various EPI classes, including phenylalkylamines, protonophores, phenothiazines, and plant-derived derivatives, against Mtb growth and efflux pumps is evaluated. The creation of effective EPIs, a clearer understanding of efflux pump control, and essential clinical trials for validation remain obstacles
Endodontic obturation techniques: A review
Full text linkObturation in endodontics is one step which is of utmost importance. For success of endodontic process a tight seal should be achieved which is necessary for successful treatment. Over the past few years, advanced obturation materials and techniques have been introduced for endodontic therapy. Among the different obturating materials available, gutta percha is one of the most widely used. Various techniques available for condensing gutta percha are available. Newer devices are being introduced some of which are heat, injection, vibration, compaction & carrier based systems. This article aims to present the different techniques available for root canal filling materials
Relationship between D-dimer levels and survival in a sample of Iraqi patients with COVID-19
Full text linkCoronavirus disease 2019 was discovered in December 2019, Wuhan, China. It was transmitted globally producing the COVID-19 pandemic. Coagulopathy is one of the most common complications characterized by an increased D-dimer level. Objective: The aim of this study were to assessment the relationship between the levels of D-dimer and other biomarkers with survival in a sample of Iraqi patients with COVID-19. Methods: A cross section study included 103 patients affected by COVID-19, diagnosed by PCR and chest CT scan, (18 to 70 years old), and admitted at the isolation centers of the Khalis General Hospital and the Shifa Center in Baquba Teaching Hospital Diyala\ Iraq between November 2020 to end January 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1:(63) survivors patients, Group 2: (40) non survivors patients. Results: The patients divided into groups: 61.2% survivors patients ,38.8% non-survivors adult COVID-19 patients. The results include several biomarkers, each biomarker (mean± SE) was calculated in survivors and non-survivors patients. Serum ferritin, plasma D-dimer showed statistical significant increasing in non-survivors group (1777.8 ± 126.02, 3985.42 ± 1224.95) than survivors patients group (1182.7 ± 142.45, 1857.50 ± 291.21) with p-value ≥ 0.05
Biomaterials in dentistry: Advances in tissue engineering for dental restoration
Full text linkBackground: In regenerative medicine, advances in biomaterials have significantly impacted various medical fields, including dentistry. The use of implants, both metallic and non-metallic, has raised concerns about bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, which can lead to complications such as peri-implantitis. Innovations in drug delivery systems and additive manufacturing technologies offer new solutions to these challenges. Methods: The review explores recent developments in biomaterials for dental restoration, focusing on drug-eluting implants, additive manufacturing, nanotechnology, and biocompatible coatings. The study evaluates the effectiveness of various drug delivery systems, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, and polymers, and discusses advancements in 3D printing and surface coatings. Results: Additive manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing, have enabled the creation of precise models and drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has introduced new materials with improved antimicrobial properties and targeted drug delivery capabilities. Innovations in coatings, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium phosphate, have enhanced osseointegration and reduced infection risks. Additionally, nanomaterials like gold and silver nanoparticles have shown promise in improving implant functionality and reducing bacterial colonization. Conclusion: Advances in biomaterials and manufacturing technologies have significantly improved the effectiveness and safety of dental implants
A comprehensive narrative review of traumatic cardiac arrest: Implications for Paramedics in emergency management and treatment strategies
Full text linkBackground: Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) has historically been viewed as largely untreatable, with low survival rates and limited intervention strategies. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of TCA, improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, and refinements in treatment protocols have shifted this perspective. This review focuses on the implications of these advancements for paramedics involved in emergency management and treatment strategies for TCA. Aim: To provide a comprehensive review of current insights into TCA management, with a particular emphasis on the roles of pharmacists and paramedics in improving patient outcomes through advanced emergency care. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes recent literature on TCA management, including epidemiology, etiology, treatment strategies, and outcomes. It highlights the contributions of pharmacists in medication management and paramedics in emergency response, using case studies and evidence-based practices. Results: Advances in diagnostic tools like point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and treatment protocols have improved outcomes for specific patient subgroups. The review identifies key challenges in TCA management, including distinguishing between true and pseudo-PEA and addressing reversible causes of arrest. Outcomes vary significantly, with survival rates and neurological recovery improving for certain subgroups. Conclusion: The review underscores the evolving role of pharmacists and paramedics in TCA management. 
Saudi workers and medical laboratory risks: Any protection?
Full text linkBackground: Medical laboratory workers in Saudi Arabia face a range of occupational risks, including biological, chemical, physical, and ergonomic hazards. Despite existing protective measures, there is a need to assess their effectiveness and explore whether additional interventions can further reduce these risks. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a targeted training intervention on reducing occupational risks among medical laboratory workers in Saudi Arabia, specifically focusing on incidents related to infections, chemical exposures, equipment accidents, and repetitive strain injuries. Methods: A pre-and post-intervention study design was employed, involving medical laboratory workers from ten prominent hospitals and medical centers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on the incidence of various occupational risks before and after the implementation of a comprehensive safety training program. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using IBM SPSS software, version 20.0, with results presented as percentages of incidents and statistical significance determined by p-values. Results: The study found a reduction in the incidence of occupational risks following the training intervention: infections decreased from 15% to 8%, chemical exposures from 12% to 5%, equipment accidents from 10% to 4%, and repetitive strain injuries from 20% to 10%. 
Epidemiologic research on childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk factors
Full text linkChildhood obesity has emerged as one of the most sizeable public health challenges of the 21st century, with far-achieving implications for cardiovascular health. This complete evaluation explores the epidemiological patterns, threat elements, and cardiovascular headaches associated with childhood obesity. The observation examines the complicated interplay among genetic predisposition, environmental elements, and way of life choices that contribute to weight problems and cardiovascular chance in youngsters. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention strategies and highlights the function of systematic epidemiological studies in understanding those relationships. The analysis underscores the critical need for evidence-based procedures for prevention and management, even as acknowledging the challenges in enforcing powerful interventions throughout numerous populations. The paper concludes by way of figuring out key studies' priorities and suggesting techniques for improving cardiovascular health outcomes in kids