Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology
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Effect of sowing dates on the vegetative growth and yield parameters of two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes
No full textThe aim of the present study was to select the best sowing time for two quinoa genotypes (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) grown in Ouargla, located in the Saharan region of Algeria. The adopted experimental device is of the random block type, comparing the effect of three sowing dates in 2018: October 16th, October 31st, and November 15th, on some vegetative growth parameters (number of seedlings raised, total number of plants, total fresh weight of plants, height of plants at panicle stage, number of branches per plant, average weight per plant), and yield parameters (number of panicles per plant, weight of the main panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and total weight of grains per square meter) of two quinoa genotypes: "Q102" Amarilla saccaca and "Giza". The obtained results show that the best sowing date for the "Q102" genotype is the first date (October 16th), which ranked first for most of the parameters studied. On the other hand, the best grain yield was observed by the second sowing date (October 31st). As for the "Giza1" genotype, no yield was observed for the first and second sowing dates, while a very low grain yield was observed only by the third sowing date. The results obtained make it possible to conclude the strong capacity of adaptation of genotype "Q102" to the edapho-climatic conditions of the south of Algeria compared to genotype "Giza1". In fact, this study shows that the production potential of quinoa in the Saharan regions is linked to both the genotype and the sowing date
AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of yield performance of wheat genotypes under irrigated, heat stress and heat drought environments
No full textWheat is the third most important cereal crop in Nepal. The impact of global warming is threatening global wheat production and food security. The terminal heat stress reduces the grain quality of wheat. However, the drought is affecting more than 15% of global wheat productivity. To find out the stable and high- yielding wheat genotype the experiment was carried out in Rupandehi, Nepal with twenty genotypes under three different environmental conditions namely heat drought, heat stress and irrigated in an alpha lattice design with two replications in each environment. The AMMI (Additive mean effect multiplicative interaction) biplot analysis shows differences in 20 different genotypes in terms of yield and stability. The analysis of variance model showed the share of GE (genotype and environment) interaction in the variation in grain yield of twenty wheat genotypes. The grain yield of genotype varied significantly with environmental impact (p ). The AMMI stability value (ASV) examined NL1387 as the most stable line. The tested environments were discriminative for genotype and showed negative correlation between them. The GGE biplot analysis was conducted to find out the best performing line under different environments and the stable line in diverse environments. The NL1420 was found stable genotype in all three tested environment. The NL1376 line is most ideal ranking first in the ranking biplot. The mean versus stability model indicated NL1369 and NL1376 as elite genotypes and NL 1404, BL4919 and NL1387 can be recommended as new cultivars
The efficacy of Acorus calamus L. crude extract formulated in bentonite nanoparticles against Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)
No full textThe prospect of A. calamus extract to be botanical insecticides to control the insect pests is very promising. The insect control properties of the A. calamus are predominantly to have β-asarone, saponin and flavonoid. However, there are some factors limiting their efficacy. Short release rate at the point contact, the inherent volatility and vulnerability to oxidation and ultra-violet light are causing phytochemical changes during the application. Thus developing nanotechnology to increase their efficacy studied in this research. To develop the plant extract in nanoformulation, experiment on adsorption and desoption capacity were carried out with Acorus extract treated bentonite substrate analysed by GC techniques. In addition, to investigate the effectiveness of the plant extract treated bentonite were evaluated on Crocidolomia pavonana. Third instar larvae were used in the evaluation of antifeedant effect by using no choice methods. The results showed that Bentonite nanoparticles was effective in controlling the release of a bioactive element. Purifed clay bentonite for getting Na-bentonite increased the specific surface area of material therefore increased the adsorption site on the clay layer of the material. Crude extract of A.calamus can dissolve well in combination of water and organic solvents. Desorption experiments proved that Na-bentonite released more slowly than raw clay bentonite. Purification of bentonite to Na-bentonite resulted the changing of phytochemical properties bentonite which lead to an increase in the adsorption capacity of bentonite. In term of antifeedant evaluation based on damage to cabbage leaves seedling, the least damage was observed on leaves with nanoparticle plant extract formulation. The antifeedant index of A. calamus in nanoparticles formulation showed 25% higher that untreated cabbage plant seedling. The glasshouse trial was conducted to evaluate their efficacy on cabbage seedling. However, the brown leaves or phytotoxic effect has been found by the time the extracts nano formulation has been sprayed. 
Application of ι-Carragenan/Agarose Hydrogel as Super Adsorbent Hydrophilic Polymers Natural Seed Coating for Improving Tobacco Seed Germination Under Drought Stress
No full textSeed storage for a long time causes seed deterioration. Reduction of germination rate can cause abnormal growth of the seedling, which impacts the yield and quality of tobacco plants. Seed coating is an additive that coats the seeds with certain ingredients such as pesticides, and nutrients that are glued to a binding material for improved seed performance without changing its origin\u27s form. Hydrogel seed coating is also natural and environmentally friendly which is suitable for organic and sustainable farming practices. In countries with worse droughts and depending on natural plants, natural seed coating using agarose and Carragenan is very well applied. Carrageenans regulate many of the metabolic pathways involved in nitrogen and sulfur absorption, making it easier to grow plants by regulating a variety of metabolism processes including photosynthesis as well as an ancillary pathway. In conditions of drought stress, salicylic acid treatment may have a beneficial effect on plant resistance. In plants, salicylic acid regulates the growth of endogenous cells and plays an important role in abiotic stress signal transduction. The present field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ι-Carragenan/Agarose hydrogel as super adsorbent hydrophilic polymers natural seed coating with 3 type combination of ι-Carragenan and Agarose (1:1; 1:2 and 2:1)% w/w containing salicylic acid 0.15% w/w to improve sprouting speed index, sprouting percentage, fresh seed mass and seed vigor index of tobacco seeds which are 3 variety storage time (13 years, 9 years and 3 years) under drought stress condition (40% moisture levels). The results revealed that application of ratio ι-Carragenan/Agarose 1:2 and 2: 1 % w/w containing salicylic acid 0.15% w/w recommended of Super Adsorbent Hydrophilic polymers Natural Seed Coating formulation enhanced of sprouting speed index, germination percentage, and seed vigor index of 2 variety storage time of tobacco seed (13 years and 9 years)
Growth and yield of maize applicated by Rizhobium spp. from legume and non-legume rhizosphere
No full textRhizobium spp can affect plant growth in non-legume crops directly by synthesis of phytostimulator and solubilization of inorganic phosphate. However, the ability of Rhizobium spp from legume and non-legume rhizosphere to trigger the growth of non-legume crops is different. This research aims to analyze the ability of Rhizobium spp isolates to produce IAA hormones and phosphate solvent and determine the response of maize with the application of Rhizobum spp from the legume and non-legume rhizosphere. This study was carried out in two stages, where the first stage at Bioscience Laboratory Politeknik Negeri Jember, while the second stage at Kaliurang field, Jember, Indonesia (altitude 146 m asl, temperature 21°C - 34°C, and soil type was incepstisol) from September 2022 to January 2023. The field experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design (crd) with the application of Rhizobium spp isolates from various rhizosphere as a treatment consisting of without Rhizobium spp (control), maize-rhizosphere isolate, rice-rhizosphere isolate, soybean-rhizosphere isolate, edamame-rhizosphere isolate, and peanut-rhizosphere isolate. Every treatment was replicated four times. The results showed that Rhizobium spp isolates from legume and non-legume rhizospheres can synthesize indole acetic acid and solubilize phosphate. This condition was indicated by the solubilized phosphate content in the planting medium, which was higher in the application of Rhizobium spp compared to the control. Inoculation of Rhizobium spp from several rhizospheres showed a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear weight without husks, and ear dry weight compared to control. These bacteria are able to trigger the growth of maize through direct and indirect mechanisms. In addition, the plant height that was treated with maize-rhizosphere Rhizobium spp was better than rice. It is suspected that Rhizobium spp from the maize rhizosphere is more adaptable when applied to growing media for maize crops, so that it can increase plant height
Pimpinella anisum essential oil: A natural approach to amplifying fertility and reproductive well-being in the Saida Region
No full textInfertility poses a significant challenge within the sheep population, hindering herd regeneration. Both rams and ewes are susceptible to infertility, prompting our objective of enhancing reproductive performance through the utilization of essential oils as a means to mitigate this issue. Essential oils have long been acknowledged for their medicinal properties and have been extensively employed in traditional medicine. Some essential oils have been reported to exert effects on male reproductive functions in both animals and humans.Pimpinella anisum, scientifically known as green anise, is a medicinal and aromatic annual plant renowned as one of the oldest medicinal herbs and widely used as a spice. In Algeria, essential oils extracted from Pimpinella anisum are consumed on a wide scale; however, their potential in enhancing ram fertility has remained unexplored.To improve the fertility of the Rembi breed sheep population, rams were randomly selected for this study. These rams underwent various experiments to evaluate their response to different concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mm/ram) of essential oil obtained from anise seeds using the hydro-distillation extraction method. Furthermore, the study encompassed an assessment of their key zootechnical characteristics over a one-year period
Bio-organic approach for monitoring the Plant growth for Sustainable agriculture
No full textAgriculture plays a critical role in sustaining life and driving the economy of India. The idea of sustainable agriculture is a holistic approach to meet the demands of food supply while protecting our environment. Through various sources, it has been found out that the country is running out of the main reservoirs of water to irrigate the fields. The present study investigated the possibility to prepare different natural hydrogels using Chia seeds, Flax seed, Gond katira, Arrowroot powder, Tapioca, Agar-agar, Corn starch, Gelatin, Aloe vera, and their comparison with a synthetic hydrogel used in sanitary napkins. On successful formation of natural hydrogels and getting valuable results in their water holding capacity, the work continued to test their potential on growth and development of seeds of two plants: Moong beans (Vigna radiata) and Fenugreek (Trigonella sp.) along with bio-organic fertilizers prepared from onion, garlic and banana respectively. Seeds were sown in soil less media (Coco-coir) and the study of various parameters like phytotoxicity test, seed germination, water consumption, number of leaves, root and shoot length indicated promising results in the establishment and healthy growth of the seedlings. Use of natural biodegradable hydrogels therefore may prove as an easy, low cost and eco-friendly way to establish the seedling development and subsequent productivity at the commercial level under conditions of water scarcity for sustainable agriculture
Comparison between two gypsum content determination methods applied to the study of soils in arid regions
No full textWith the scarcity, degradation of soils, the growing populations and the need to guarantee their food security, the valorization of gypsum soils widespread in arid and semi-arid regions is becoming a necessity. North African countries have a large part of their land area located in arid regions. It is therefore important to characterize the gypsum content using simple, rapid, economical and, environmentally friendly methods. Several methods have been proposed in the literature (chemical, thermogravimetric, and x-ray techniques). In this work, a comparison between two methods for gypsum determination in soils was undertaken. The first method of Coutinet is chemical and based on the use of BaSO4 for the precipitation of sulfate ions. The second method is Artieda method which is based on measuring the weight difference caused by the loss of crystalline water from gypsum molecules between the temperatures of 70 and 90 °C. To achieve the objective of this work, forty-three soil samples were analyzed. They were taken from two arid regions (Ouargla and Touggourt) located in the northern Sahara (Algeria). The soils contain gypsum accumulations. The results showed that most of the samples are slightly gypsiferous, with 36 and 32 samples for the Coutinet and Artieda methods respectively. A strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.95) exists between the results of the two methods studied. For gypsum contents higher than 2 %, the correlation coefficient is 0.94. However, for samples with contents less than 2 %, the correlation is very weak with R2=0.19. The Artieda method is thus encouraged for the gypsum quantification in soils of arid regions. This method is easy, requiring simple laboratory equipment (mainly a ventilated oven and a precision balance). Chemical methods have the disadvantage of being time-consuming and using expensive chemicals that are dangerous for the environment and human health
Efficacy of commercially available insecticides against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker.)
No full textField research was conducted in PMAMP, (PIU) Jhapa, Nepal, Rice Zone against Yellow Stem Borer by using different chemical insecticides commercially available in Nepal to test their efficacy. The research was done in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replication, and seven treatment i.e., 6 chemical treatment namely Cartap hydrochloride 75SC, Thiamethoxan 25WB, Acetamiprid 20 SP, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Quinalphas 25 EC and Lambda Cyhalothrin 5 EC and one control for five months. It is concluded that Chlorpyriphos 20 EC is most effective in reducing the infestation rate of dead heart and white head. Similarly, the highest yield was observed in Chlorpyriphos 20 EC with 5.563 ton ha-1