Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology
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Use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as a biopesticide in agriculture: A review
No full textNeem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a member of Meliaceae family, a fast-growing tropical evergreen plant whose products were found effective against economically important insect pests and diseases. All parts of this plant particularly leaf, bark, and root extracts have the biopesticidal activities. Azadirachtin, a biopesticide obtained from neem extract, can be used for con-trolling various insect pests in agriculture. It acts on insects by repelling them, by inhibiting feeding, and by disrupting their growth, and reproduction. Neem-based formulations do not usually kill insects directly, but they can alter their behavior in significant ways to reduce pest damage to crops and reduce their reproductive potential. The neem is considered as an eas-ily accessible, eco-friendly, biodegradable, cheap, and non-toxic biopesticide which control the target pests. Thus, this re-view highlighted the extract, byproducts and roles of neem that can be used as potential biopesticide in agriculture
The Potency of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Leaf Extract as Biofungicide for Controlling Fusarium Rot on Chili: The Potency of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Leaf Extract as Biofungicide
No full textFusarium sp. has been recognized as a pathogenic agent causing fruit rot in chili. The disease significantly decreases the annual chili production rate. One of the plants potentially utilized as biofungicide to control Fusarium fruit rot disease in chili is purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Purple sweet po-tato contains secondary metabolites, mainly the active compounds in the form of flavonoids, which has been previously revealed to perform antifungal activity. This study aimed to examine the potential of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract as biofungicide to inhibit the growth of chili rot disease caused by Fusarium sp. within vitro and in vivo assay. This work was conducted by testing the ethanol-extracted purple sweet potato leaves extracts against Fusarium sp. with various concentrations, i.e., 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/v) for in vitro assay. Then antifungal test against Fusarium sp. was conducted using preventive and curative test for in vivo assay. Observa-tions were performed for 7 days. The result of in vitro assay showed inhibi-tory ability of the leaves extract against the growth of Fusarium sp. to range between 35.2-76.6% with potential concentration 40% (w/v). Based on the results of in vivo assay, the preventive test using 40% concentration of purple sweet potato leaves extract showed significant different against negative con-trol through Duncan test (α = 0.05). Purple sweet potato leaves extract with 40% concentration can reduce the intensity of Fusarium fruit rot disease and potentially utilized as biofungicide
Regrowth of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) with the Bio-pore Infiltration Hole in the Tropical Riparian Moonson Region
No full textTechnology water and rainfall in doing to reduce soil water deficit in the soil. The technology is bio-pore that formed living things, such as soil fau-na and crop roots. This study uses a single factor randomized block design environment (RBD). The factor studied was the Bio-pore Infiltration Hole (BIH), which is filled with organic matter. The treatment was repeated 4 times, so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The treat-ments consisted of A (without BIH) as a control, B (BIH + Dry leaves), C (BIH + cow dung), D (BIH + chicken manure), and E (LR B + cow manure). Napier grass cropped with a spacing of 50 x 50 cm2 that was observed for variables of crop height, wet weight and dry weight of crops per bun-dle. The ground water content is measured with soil boring, and rainfall is measured with an ombro-meter. The study was conducted in the Experi-mental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sei Riam Village, Pelaihari Sub-district, Tanah Laut Regency, with a time of 2 months from November to December 2019. Rainfall in November and December was 127.85 mm and 637.8 mm with uneven distribution. The ground water content in treatments BIH + cow dung, BIH + cow dung, BIH + chicken manure, and BIH + cow manure is different from without BIH because it is without or-ganic matter so that its ability to retain water is small and its content is also less. Growth of crop height variable between 187.16 to 191.85 cm, wet weight in the range of 12.1 kg / m2 - a 14.9 kg / m2, and the dry weight in the range of 3.9 kg / m2 - 4.6 kg / m2, so treatments B, C, D, and E gave the best response compared to A which generates crop height about 172.78 cm, 7.3 kg / m2 wet weight and 2.4 kg / m2 dry weight
Use of GIS in soil fertility mapping of Rapti Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal
No full textMapping the spatial distribution of soil fertility in a particular area gives an idea about the nutrient content in the soil which plays an im-portant role in fertilizer recommendation, sustainable soil manage-ment, integrated plant nutrient management, land use planning, and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). A study was carried out to assess the soil fertility status of the Rapti Municipality, Chitwan, Ne-pal. A total of 120 soil samples was collected based on land use, slope, and aspects with the use of Google Earth Pro (GEP) and ArcGIS. Based on the soil test report spatial variation of soil texture, soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium of the study area was prepared. The majority of the study area (57.11%) has sandy clay soils. The soil pH was very strongly acidic to slightly alkaline with pH values ranging from 4.8 to 8.0. Soil organic matter (1.94-3.75%), total nitrogen (0.097-0.187%), available phosphorous (51.03-270.10 kg ha-1), and available potassium (169.87-358.68 kg ha-1) in the soil are within the range of medium to high in the study area. To maintain this nutrient status, the use of organic manure, reduced use of chemical fertilizers, and different soil management practices should be adopted in this area