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Effectiveness of Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis) Liquid Smoke as an Antiseptic
Get PDFMicrobes are often the cause of infectious diseases; one method of prevention is to use antiseptics. Excessive use of antisep- tics can cause mild to severe side effects, so an alternative antiseptic is needed. Liquid smoke is an alternative raw material to produce antiseptics because its main component can be used as an inhibitor of microbial growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tea-leaf liquid smoke as an antiseptic against microbial growth in vivo and in vitro. The method for producing liquid smoke via pyrolysis involves distilling grade 3 liquid smoke to generate grade 1 and grade 2 liquid smoke. The in vitro test uses a microbial growth inhibition test with grade 1 and 2 liquid smoke concentrations of 35%, 50%, and 75%. The microbes used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643. The in vivo test uses the swab test method on the palm of the hand. The results of the invitro test showed that the largest inhibition zone of tea leaf liquid smoke was obtained using grade 2 liquid smoke with a concentration of 75%.The results of the in vivo test showed that the effectiveness of tea leaf liquid smoke was 80% against bacteria and 85% against fungi. Based onthe results of the study, it can be concluded that tea leaf liquid smoke (Camellia sinensis) has potential as an antiseptic
The ‘The Secret’ behind Universality and Eternality of Sufism : Book Review of Sufisme East and West: Mystical Islam and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Modern World
No full textWhat is Sufism? In simple terms, Sufism is a moral-spiritual aspect of Islamic teachings. When we attempt to define it, we encounter a scientific discourse about the ‘deepest secret’, which is significantly more intricate than we initially thought. Therefore, readers should independently investigate and draw their conclusions, which may include a comprehensive exploration of the book under review. Sufism, as a practice, teaches us how to feel the deepest secret intimately and substantially. Of course, capturing the breadth and abstractness of this experience in an instant definition anchor will be challenging, particularly when this mystical experience manifests in or intersects with Sufis’ moral choices in the social, political, economic, and cultural realms. Bruce B. Lawrence, at the end of this book, compares Sufism to an elephant in a dark room. Anyone who tries to guess it—with a particular approach, methodology, and scientific perspective—is not uncovering the whole thing, but only groping for partial reality as it appears in the gaps of his perception.Apa itu tasawuf? Secara sederhana kita katakan: “tasawuf adalah aspek moral-spiritual dalam ajaran Islam.” Sementara secara real-nya, ketika mencoba mendefinisikannya, kita dihadapkan pada sebuah diskursus yang lebih kompleks daripada yang dibayangkan, sehingga lebih baik saya menyarankan pembaca untuk mencari tahu dan menyimpulkan sendiri, di antaranya melalui penelusuran menyeluruh terhadap buku yang kita review ini. Sebagai clue-nya, tasawuf—sebagai suatu praktik—adalah ‘merasakan rahasia terdalam’ secara personal dan intim. Tentu kita akan sulit menangkap keluasan dan sekaligus keabstrakan pengalaman ini dalam jangkar definisi yang instan, terlebih ketika pengalaman mistik ini mengejewantah dalam—atau beririsan dengan—pilihan moral kaum sufi di ranah sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan budaya. Bruce B. Lawrence di penutup buku ini menganalogikan tasawuf dengan seekor gajah yang berada di ruang gelap. Setiap orang yang mencoba menerkanya—dengan pendekatan, metodologi, dan perspektif keilmuan tertentu—tidak sedang menyingkap keseluruhannya, namun hanya realitas parsial sebagaimana tampak bagi celah persepsinya
Visual Improvement of Slums: Integrative Strategy for Optimizing Sanitation Management Sustainability in Slum Areas
Get PDFThe high population growth rate in certain areas is a critical problem confronting big cities in Indonesia, which in turn creates pressure on urban governance, thus creating slum areas. Until now, insufficient funds are still a problem in alleviating the problem of slums, so the concept of visual improvement is a program that has been proposed to serve as a form of capital in fostering community participation in managing the surrounding environment. This study aimed to identify the impact of visual improvement programs in two slum areas, related to sanitation management, in particular domestic wastewater management and solid waste management. The two slum areas have different settlement typologies. Bekelir Rainbow Village, Tangerang is a slum settlement in the lowlands, and Code Rainbow Village, Yogyakarta is a slum settlement on the banks of a river. The success of the visual improvement programs was identified by factors that underlie the behavior of sanitation management and its relationship with the Theory of Planned Behavior construct. After the successfulness of the programs had been identified, the next step was to identify the sustainability factors for sanitation management so that strategies for optimizing sanitation management can be planned to support the sustainability of sanitation management as the basis for future visual improvement programs of slum areas. By using the Structural Equation Modeling method, it was found that institutional regulatory aspects as well as financial-economic aspects were the most influential aspects related to sustainability of domestic wastewater and solid waste management in Bekelir Rainbow Village, Tangerang. Meanwhile, socio-cultural aspects as well as regulatory-institutional aspects were the most influential aspects related to sustainability of domestic wastewater and solid waste management in Code Rainbow Village, Yogyakarta. This indicates that the strategies for optimizing sanitation management in the two rainbow villages had a different approach
Investigating the Effect of m-Commerce Application’s Functional and Non-Functional Attributes on Usability and Continuance Intention
Get PDFThe development of mobile commerce (m-commerce) applications has indicated a shift in goals from ease-of-use to sustainable use in the future. This shift has prompted changes in the combination of attributes that constitute the usability of m-commerce applications. This study developed an m-commerce usability model that combines functional and non-functional attributes. The research data was collected using questionnaires distributed to users living in Jakarta and was processed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results demonstrate that efficiency, satisfaction, and effectiveness can explain the usability of m-commerce applications. This study proved that three non-functional usability attributes – productivity, navigation, and memorability – have a positive effect on efficiency, while two functional attributes of usability – content and security – positively influence effectiveness. The study further proved that beside non-functional attributes, functional attributes also play an important role in increasing the user experience in the m-commerce context and thereby contribute to improving the usability of m-commerce systems and the continuance intention. The overall results of the study can be used in developing strategies for m-commerce application developers to design applications that can satisfy users and help them complete their tasks correctly and efficiently
Reviewing Co-creation Method in the Context of Visual Arts Co-creation: A Case Study of Usungan Parade Project
Get PDFIn this paper, co-creation through visual art as a form of community engagement is explored and discussed through its definition, origin, method, practice, context, and potential. The Usungan Parade co-creation project at a khatam al-Quran event in Kabong, Sarawak, East Malaysia served as a case study through a qualitative analysis to explore the experiences and interpretations of the community related to the co-creation phenomenon. The study was conducted through participant observation and interviews with a sample drawn from heads of families, usungan craftsmen, and audience members. Six factors were identified in this community engagement project using the co-creation model. Then we elaborated how the participants interpreted the value of co-creation obtained from their activities. The objective was to build a strong argument for an in-depth study of implementing co-creation in a particular community. This research found that co-creation can contribute to reducing the gaps between those who can produce art and society, especially through the participation of ‘non-art affiliated’ communities and artistic excellence
Automotive Design Sketching in Teams: A Systematic Review
Get PDFAutomotive design sketching is crucial in the creative process, especially during conceptual design, as it facilitates shared understanding among design teams. Despite its significance, there need to be more comprehensive review papers addressing automotive design sketching in team settings. This systematic review aims to bridge this gap by identifying trends and evidence related to automotive design sketching within team settings. Employing the ROSES review flow diagram, five electronic databases – Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SAGE, and Google Scholar – were utilized to search for relevant literature. Among the 902 non-duplicated articles initially screened, 17 studies from the past decade (2013-2023) underwent a thorough review and were integrated into the analysis. The findings emphasize the importance of team sketching, highlighting collaboration, communication, and creativity as essential values for enhancing shared understanding and design outcomes within teams. Significantly, the review uncovered a shortage of articles in recent years that encompass all three elements within a single study. This paper highlights the critical role of sketching in team-based automotive design and advocates for further research to investigate collaboration, communication, and creativity comprehensively. This knowledge is valuable for automotive designers, teams, and the industry, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches to optimize design processes and foster innovation
Bioinformatic Analysis Strategy in Restriction Enzyme Selection for Indonesian Panulirus homarus Identification by PCR-RFLP
Get PDFThe spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is a valuable fishery commodity in Indonesia, particularly in its juvenile life form. However, identifying the early life forms of the spiny lobster can be challenging, as it exhibits similar morphological features compared to the juveniles of other Panilurid lobsters. Molecular-based identification, specifically DNA sequencing, is the best method for species identification, but it requires advanced instruments and is costly. An alternative method is proposed here, using the PCR-RFLP technique, which is low-cost, rapid, and has standard instrumentation requirements. The challenge with this method is selecting the appropriate restriction enzyme to determine the targeted species’ identity. This study proposes using the REfind (https://github.com/indriatmoko07/REfind), R package to select the best restriction enzyme for identifying P. homarus, applicable to other species. The bioinformatics workflow used in this study successfully identified BseSI or BmgI as the most suitable restriction enzymes among 739 restriction enzymes to differentiate P. homarus from other Panilurid species. This result was validated by employing a wet lab test using the BseSI enzyme and successfully validated the bioinformatics result. These findings may be useful for biologists in conducting various studies that require rapid, low-cost, and identification of specific species in the future
Corrosion Behavior of Steel 37 under Dynamic Conditions in 0.1 N H2SO4
Get PDFAn aggressive environment has a substantial effect on the progression of corrosion on metal surfaces and alloys. This study investigated the effect of one of the parameters that affect the corrosion process, the stirring rate, on the behavior of Steel 37 in 0.1 N of sulfuric acid. The main method used in this study is an electrochemical method (using a potentiostat at a scan rate of 3 MV.sec-1), applied at three different temperatures (25, 30, and ˚C). To evaluate the parameters of corrosion in this study, the Tafel extrapolation method was used. At a constant stirring rate, the corrosion current density was found to be increased with increasing temperature at a constant stirring rate. In addition, the corrosion rate increased with increasing stirring rate at a constant temperature due to the rise of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen. The Levich equation was used to calculate the limiting current densities, as well as the mass transfer coefficient (Km) and the Sherwood number (Sh). The Km values were calculated and it was found that the mass transfer coefficient was greater at higher temperatures and stirring rates. The results also revealed that the smallest values of Sh (2.575, 3.897) occurred at 30 °C at two stirring rates (200 and 400 rpm)
Spatial Qualitative Analysis of the Marine Heritage Tourism in Bontoharu-Bontosikuyu District, The Selayar Regency
Get PDFMarine cultural tourism, a developing tourism mode, has grown in popularity among tourists in recent years, indicating broad market prospects (Zheng et al., 2017). Selayar Islands Regency is an international commerce route believed to have existed since 1820. According to preliminary data, a shipwreck with ceramics and money coins was discovered in the Bontosikuyu District and its surrounds in China. It is believed that these coins circulated throughout the archipelago between the 11th and 14th centuries. However, the vast potential has not been realized. In addition, there is a risk of local populations exploiting maritime cultural heritage objects for economic gain. This study is to investigate the potential of marine heritage as a new tourism destination in the Selayar Islands Regency. This research methodology is spatial qualitative, with spatial analysis using the ArcGIS application followed by qualitative identification of tourism potential using the 3A approach (attractions, amenities, accessibility). The study identified numerous prospective places based on interviews with stakeholders and study literature for marine heritage tourism that could serve as a tourist route. The proposed route has yet to be tested. Its potential is based solely on observation results; literature reviews; and conversations with stakeholders. This research aims to identify prospective maritime heritage routes in the Selayar Islands Regency. The study's findings indicate that the potential for marine heritage tourism packages in Selayar Regency is enormous but due to a lack of attention, it requires significant improvement and development in terms of attractions, accessibility, and amenities.Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar merupakan jalur perdagangan internasional pada masa penjajahan Belanda hingga tahun 1924. Temuan lainnya adalah di Kabupaten Bontosikuyu ditemukan kapal karam yang terdiri dari keramik dan koin mata uang Cina. Koin-koin ini diperkirakan beredar di Nusantara pada abad ke-11 dan ke-13. Namun, potensi besar tersebut belum tergarap. Objek penelitian berupa lokasi-lokasi sumber daya wisata bertemakan "marine heritage trail" yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi jalur wisata yang membentuk travel pattern baru dan unggulan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Sebab, Kecamatan Bontosikuyu (dari kajian pustaka) memiliki warisan maritim yang besar dengan ditemukannya bongkahan karang, kapal selam yang karam, dan hasil-hasil ekskavasi tim arkeologi dari Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2021.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi pasar wisata warisan bahari menjadi produk wisata baru dalam upaya meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat lokal di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana melakukan tinjauan pustaka beserta wawancara kepada stakeholder baik dari pelaku usaha, pemerintahan, maupun BPCB Sulsel yang dirumuskan dengan pendekatan spasial melalui ArGIS. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan beberapa potensi wisata warisan bahari yang dapat dijadikan sebagai produk wisata. Hal ini didukung oleh analisis pasar pariwisata. Penelitian ini berfokus pada produk pasar wisata tematik marine heritage trail yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Adapun dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 2 klaster marine heritage tematik berdasarkan kedekatannya di Kawasan Bontosikuyu dan sekitarnya
MAMAN PLANT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS (Cleome gyandra L), DRY POWDER (SIMPLISIA) AND JORUK MAMAN
No full textJoruk Maman is a food product that has been known to contain crude fiber and lactic acid bacteria that function as probiotics. Currently, the use of Joruk Maman as an alternative medicine for chronic diseases and functional food with high nutritional value is not too much. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activities content of bioactive compounds from of fresh and dried-plants and Joruk Maman so that the utilization of Joruk Maman can increase. This type of research was a laboratory research with quantitative descriptive method to determine the fiber content, total phenol, and antioxidant activity in fresh plants, dry powder and joruk maman. Analysis of data from phytochemical test and bioactive compounds were analyzed descriptively with the mean and standard deviation using computerized data processing software. The results of this study showed the highest crude fiber content in the maman powder sample with a percentage of 7.84%. The highest total phenol content was found in fresh maman plant extract which contained total phenol of 35.33 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g extract. The antioxidant activities of dried, fres and fermented manan (joruk manan) using DPPH method was shown with IC50 values > 1000, 276,58 dan 323,88 μg/ml repectively, while quercetin as a tandard which is predicted also found in manan gave IC50 2,06 μg/ml. And the strongest antioxidant content was obtained with an IC value of50 in the quercetin sample of 2,06 g/ml based on the DPPH method. Further study testing is needed on the antioxidant activity of the Joruk Maman plant from each plant organ including roots, flowers and seeds with other methods to determine the potential of each part.Joruk Maman merupakan produk makanan yang telah diketahui mengandung serat kasar dan bakteri asam laktat yang berfungsi sebagai probiotik. Saat ini, pemanfaatan Joruk Maman sebagai obat alternatif untuk penyakit kronis dan pangan fungsional yang bernilai gizi tinggi belum terlalu banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan menentukan kandungan senyawa bioaktif dari tanaman segar dan kering serta joruk maman agar pemanfaatan Joruk Maman dapat meningkat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian di laboratorium dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui kandungan serat, total fenol, dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tanaman segar, serbuk kering dan joruk maman. Analisis data hasil dari uji fitokimia dan senyawa bioaktif dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan nilai tengah dan standard deviasi menggunakan perangkat lunak pengolahan data secara komputerisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ini adalah kandungan serat kasar tertinggi ditemukan pada sampel serbuk maman dengan persentase 7,84%. Kandungan total fenol tertinggi pada ekstrak tanaman maman segar yaitu mengandung fenol total sebesar 35,33 mg ekivalen terhadap asam galat/g ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan dari jeruk manan kering, segar dan jeruk manan terfermentasi (joruk manan) dengan menggunakan metode DPPH ditunjukkan dengan nilai paling kuat diperoleh dengan nilai IC50 adalah berturut-turut > 1000, 276,58 dan 323,88 μg/ml, sedangkan pada sampel kuersetin yang digunakan sebagai pembanding yang diduga juga terkandung pada tanaman manan memberikan nilai IC50 sebesar 2,06 μg/ml berdasarkan metode DPPH. Perlu dilakukan pengujian lebih lanjut terhadap aktivitas antioksidan tanaman Joruk Maman dari setiap organ tanaman termasuk akar, bunga dan biji dengan berbagai metode untuk mengetahui potensi masing-masing bagian tersebu