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PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKTRAK DAUN TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) TERHADAP MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN EYE CREAM
Full text linkPremature aging of the eye area is characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines, eye bags and dark circles due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, free radicals, and decreased collagen production. Green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) are known to contain high antioxidants, especially catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), so it has the potential to be used as an anti-aging agent to slow down the skin aging process. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in green tea leaf extract concentration on the physical quality of eye cream preparations and determine the best formula. The study was conducted experimentally with four eye cream formulas, namely formula 0 (0% extract), formula 1 (0.5% extract), formula 2 (5% extract), and formula 3 (10% extract). Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, stickiness, cream type, and centrifugation test. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and compared with eye cream physical quality standards. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the parameters of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stickiness between formulas. Formula 1 (0.5%) fulfilled all physical quality parameters according to the standard, including even homogeneity, pH according to the skin, optimal viscosity and spreadability, and no phase separation. It was concluded that formula 1 was the best formula.
Penuaan dini pada area sekitar mata ditandai dengan munculnya kerutan, garis halus, kantung mata dan lingkaran hitam akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), radikal bebas, dan penurunan produksi kolagen. Daun teh hijau (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) diketahui mengandung antioksidan tinggi, terutama katekin seperti epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai agen anti aging untuk memperlambat proses penuaan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun teh hijau terhadap mutu fisik sediaan eye cream serta menentukan formula terbaik. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan empat formula eye cream, yaitu formula 0 (0% ekstrak), formula 1 (0,5% ekstrak), formula 2 (5% ekstrak), dan formula 3 (10% ekstrak). Evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, tipe krim, dan uji sentrifugasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan dibandingkan dengan standar mutu fisik eye cream. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan (p < 0,05) pada parameter pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat antar formula. Formula 1 (0,5%) memenuhi seluruh parameter mutu fisik yang sesuai standar, termasuk homogenitas merata, pH sesuai kulit, viskositas dan daya sebar optimal, serta tidak terjadi pemisahan fase. Disimpulkan bahwa formula 1 merupakan formula terbaik. 
Manajemen Kenyamanan Cerdas di Ruang Kelas Menggunakan Deteksi Okupansi Berbasis SSD dan Pengendalian Lingkungan Berbasis PMV
Full text linkRoom comfort is critical for enhancing productivity, particularly in classrooms. Two key factors are temperature and lighting, governed by ASHRAE 55 for thermal comfort (PMV range of –0.5 to 0.5) and SNI 6197:2020 for classroom lighting (350 lux). This study develops an intelligent system that coordinates occupant detection with temperature and lighting control. Occupant detection was implemented using the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) with MobileNetV2, a camera as the sensor, and image processing on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano. The detected occupant coordinates were used to control lighting patterns, while temperature was measured with a DHT22 sensor and regulated through PMV-based calculations. The recommended temperature setpoints were transmitted to an air conditioner via an IR blaster controlled by an ESP8266. Experimental results show that the detection system achieved 95% accuracy, 99% precision, 95% recall, and a 97% F1-score at a threshold of 0.3. The lighting control system achieved a MAPE of 14.49%, while the temperature control system achieved a MAPE of 4.53% with an average MAE of 1.1 °C. These findings demonstrate that the proposed system effectively integrates occupant detection with automated temperature and lighting control, ensuring improved classroom comfort.Kenyamanan ruang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, khususnya di ruang kelas. Dua faktor utama yang memengaruhi kenyamanan adalah suhu dan pencahayaan, yang diatur oleh ASHRAE 55 untuk kenyamanan termal (rentang PMV –0,5 hingga +0,5) dan SNI 6197:2020 untuk pencahayaan kelas (350 lux). Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem cerdas yang mengoordinasikan deteksi penghuni dengan pengendalian suhu dan pencahayaan. Deteksi penghuni diimplementasikan menggunakan algoritma Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) dengan MobileNetV2, kamera sebagai sensor, dan pemrosesan citra pada NVIDIA Jetson Nano. Koordinat posisi penghuni digunakan untuk mengatur pola pencahayaan, sedangkan suhu diukur dengan sensor DHT22 dan dikendalikan melalui perhitungan berbasis PMV. Nilai suhu rekomendasi kemudian dikirim ke pendingin ruangan melalui IR blaster yang dikendalikan oleh ESP8266. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa sistem deteksi mencapai akurasi 95%, presisi 99%, recall 95%, dan skor F1 sebesar 97% pada ambang 0,3. Sistem pencahayaan mencapai MAPE sebesar 14,49%, sedangkan sistem pengendalian suhu mencapai MAPE sebesar 4,53% dengan MAE rata-rata 1,1 °C. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang diusulkan mampu mengintegrasikan deteksi penghuni dengan pengendalian suhu dan pencahayaan secara otomatis untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan kelas
Comparison of Whole Body Reaction Time Between Singles and Doubles Badminton Players Aged 14–17 Years
Full text linkWhole Body Reaction Time (WBRT) is an important biomotor component in the performance of badminton athletes, especially in responding to unexpected stimuli during matches. This study aims to compare the WBRT between male singles and doubles badminton athletes aged 14–17 years. The research used a quantitative comparative approach with purposive sampling technique. The population consisted of 60 athletes at PB Taqi Arena, West Bandung Regency. Based on the inclusion criteria, 37 athletes were selected as samples, consisting of 18 singles and 19 doubles athletes. Data collection was conducted on May 3–4, 2025. Measurements included anthropometry (Omron Karada Scan HBF-375), height (Stature Meter OneMed HT701), and WBRT (Whole Body Reaction Measuring Equipment Takei TKK-5408). Shapiro–Wilk normality test results indicated normal distribution in both groups (p > 0.05). The average WBRT for singles athletes was 0.286 ± 0.024 seconds, while for doubles athletes it was 0.260 ± 0.021 seconds. The independent samples t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.002). These findings indicate that doubles athletes have better whole body reaction speed compared to singles athletes. This difference is likely influenced by tactical demands and playing patterns in doubles, which require quick responses to stimuli from both opponents and partners. These results can serve as a basis for designing specific training programs based on match type to optimally improve athletes' reaction performance.
Keywords: badminton, reaction time, whole body reaction, singles and doubles events
Kajian Literatur Sistematis Desain User Interface dan User Experience Media Animasi Dalam Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Tunagrahita
Full text linkThis systematic literature review investigates the role of User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) in animated learning media for enhancing the concentration of children with intellectual disabilities. Drawing from 30 selected publications, the study highlights previous findings that well-designed digital media can significantly improve learning outcomes for children with special needs. Using inclusive criteria, the researchincorporates observations of learning environments and interviews with educators at SLB Negeri 2 Denpasar. The effectiveness of UI/UX elements is assessed through the Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS) and the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Key insights emphasize the impact of intuitive and engaging design in sustaining concentration and aiding comprehension. The study offers practical guidelines for developing accessible and effective learning tools, underscoring the importance of inclusive design practices in special education and providing a valuable foundation for future educational technology advancements.Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini menyelidiki peran User Interface (UI) dan User Experience (UX) dalam media pembelajaran animasi untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi anak-anak dengan disabilitas intelektual. Data diambil dari 30 publikasi terpilih, penelitian ini menyoroti temuan sebelumnya bahwa media digital yang dirancang dengan baik secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran bagi anakanak berkebutuhan khusus. Dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusif, penelitian ini menggabungkan pengamatan lingkungan belajar dan wawancara dengan pendidik diSLB Negeri 2 Denpasar. Efektivitas elemen UI/UX dinilai melalui Kuesioner Kepuasan Antarmuka Pengguna (QUIS) dan Kuesioner Pengalaman Pengguna (UEQ). Wawasan utama menekankan dampak desain yang intuitif dan menarik dalam mempertahankan konsentrasi dan membantu pemahaman. Studi ini menawarkan panduan praktis untuk mengembangkan alat pembelajaran yang mudah diakses dan efektif, menggarisbawahi pentingnya praktik desain inklusif dalam pendidikan khusus, dan memberikan dasar yang berharga untuk kemajuan teknologi pendidikan di masa depan
Understanding Shoppers’ Decision-Making Process in Traditional Markets in Indonesia
Full text linkEvery country has its own traditional place for trading fresh food known as the “marketplace.” In Indonesia, people refer to the marketplace as “traditional market.” Traditional markets encompass a variety of activities, such as buying and selling as well as social interactions and cultural features in rural and urban areas. Traditional markets are important for providing fresh produce to the local community and are mostly located close to residential areas. However, Indonesian traditional markets have experienced a decline due to the growth of modern markets, prompting the government to focus on attracting tourists to the traditional markets. Unfortunately, there are limited studies to determine if tourists represent an appropriate target market. The goal of this research was to enhance the understanding of traditional markets’ functions and factors that impact shoppers’ decisions to shop at traditional markets in Indonesia. Data from 506 respondents was collected through an online survey and a quantitative analysis was conducted. The results showed that regular customers are attracted to traditional markets by low prices and that they do not prioritize cleanliness, as these individuals are primarily interested in buying fresh produce. The study further suggests that customers in Indonesian traditional markets tend to display utilitarian behavior. As a result, stakeholders should consider traditional markets’ primary function as a place to purchase essential food items. While traditional markets can attract tourists, it is crucial to prioritize the preferences of the local community
How Motorcyclists Will Respond to Congestion Charging in Jakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkCongestion charging is planned to be implemented in Jakarta, Indonesia to replace the current odd-even traffic policy. Even though motorcycles account for the largest component of traffic in Jakarta, at around 75.8%, few studies exist on the effects of policy changes on motorcycle commuter trips. At the moment, motorcyclists are explicitly excluded from the odd-even scheme, therefore research on their response to congestion charging is worth doing. The response of travelers to such a policy may include transport mode shifting, route diversion, or choosing not to travel. Most studies on the influence of congestion charging emphasize one possible response, namely modal shifting. In this study, the responses studied included modal shifting, route diversion, and the possibility of telecommuting. A total of 421 out 2,125 people who answered the e-survey questionnaire were chosen as the sample. They were evenly distributed across all areas of Greater Jakarta, through which eight corridors pass. The model was analyzed using the multinomial logit model and the conditional logit model to estimate the attribute parameters of each alternative and the probability of choices, employing the NLOGIT6 econometric software. The results of the study were compared to other recent studies, providing consistent results. In-vehicle time, congestion charging rate, and public transportation fare were found to be significant factors, at α = 0.05. The socio-demographic variables income and motorcycle ownership and the travel characteristic weekly trip frequency significantly influenced the travel behavior of motorcyclists. As for the probability that motorcyclists are willing to pay a congestion charge it was found that about one-third of all motorcycle travelers say they are willing to do so, while the probability of motorcyclists diverting to alternative roads accounted for 35.46%, shifting to public transport 16.66%, and deciding not to travel 3.16%
Studi Komparasi Konstitutif Model untuk Kasus Galian Dalam dengan Metoda Elemen Hingga dan Data Monitoring Lapangan: Studi Kasus Proyek Muara Karang
No full textThe construction of underground structures at the Muara Tawar Combined Cycle Power Plant, situated in a coastal area characterized by very soft clay soils, presents significant geotechnical challenges. Careful analysis and planning are crucial to prevent structural failure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of temporary retaining wall systems using sheet piles and strutting during the excavation of the Steam Turbine Generator (STG) Block #4 basement, which is adjacent to existing structures. Utilizing PLAXIS 2D, an advanced Finite Element Method (FEM) software for geotechnical analysis, we modeled and analyzed the soil-structure interaction to optimize the design and construction methodology. The study focused on determining appropriate support systems for deep excavation, ensuring the stability of both the new construction and existing facilities. Results demonstrate that the proposed sheet pile and strutting system effectively prevents soil collapse during construction. This is evidenced by satisfactory safety factors and acceptable deflection values derived from numerical analyses. This research was conducted by comparing three soil models: Mohr-Coulomb, Soft Soil, and Hardening Soil, to analyze their performance in predicting soil behavior for construction purposes
Pelayanan Low-Cost Carrier dan Full Service Carrier Maskapai Indonesia
No full textAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kepuasan pengguna sebagai elemen kunci yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan, kontribusi terhadap keberlanjutan, serta upaya strategis dalam regulasi pelayanan maskapai di Indonesia. Objek penelitian ini adalah membandingkan Penerbangan Bertarif Rendah (Low-Cost Carrier/LCC) dan Penerbangan Pelayanan Penuh (Full Service Carrier/FSC) berdasarkan persepsi pengguna, dengan fokus pada aspek pelayanan yang dianggap penting dan kinerja layanan yang dirasakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) dan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), melibatkan 437 responden yang memberikan penilaian menggunakan skala Likert, dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan pada awal bulan Juni 2024. Variabel yang digunakan adalah: Informasi Website, Kebijakan Penetapan Harga, Jadwal dan Rute, Layanan Bandara, Sebelum Penerbangan, Selama Penerbangan dan Setelah Mendarat. 7 variabel tersebut terwakili dalam 26 atribut. Prioritas Utama tertuju pada LCC dengan fokus pada atribut Layanan Desk Check-in dan Konfirmasi Penerbangan yang belum di rasakan maksimal oleh pengguna. Sedangkan FSC telah dianggap baik pada semua variabel dan atribut sehingga fokus pada Pertahankan Prestasi. Indeks Kepuasan yang diperoleh secara keseluruhan pada LCC berada pada kategori Puas dan FSC kategori Sangat Puas.
Kata-kata Kunci: Kepuasan penumpang, penerbangan bertarif rendah, penerbangan pelayanan penuh
Abstract
This research aims to measure user satisfaction as a key element that plays an important role in the development, contribution to sustainability, and strategic efforts in regulating airline services in Indonesia. The object of this research is to compare Low-Cost Carriers (LCC) and Full-Service Carriers (FSC) based on user perceptions, focusing on service aspects considered important and the perceived performance of the services. A combination of Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index methods for 437 respondents with a Likert scale assessment in early June 2024. The variables used are Website Information, Pricing Policy, Schedule and Route, Airport Services, Pre-Flight, In-Flight, and Post-Flight. These 7 variables are represented in 26 attributes. ‘Concentrate These’ on LCC with a focus on the Desk Check-in and Flight Confirmation Service attributes which users have not optimally experienced. Meanwhile, FSC has been considered good in all variables and attributes so it focuses on ‘Keep Up The Good Work’. The overall Satisfaction Index obtained at LCC is in the Satisfied category and FSC is in the Very Satisfied category.
Keywords: Full-service carrier, low cost-carrier, passenger satisfactionAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kepuasan pengguna sebagai elemen kunci yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan, kontribusi terhadap keberlanjutan, serta upaya strategis dalam regulasi pelayanan maskapai di Indonesia. Objek penelitian ini adalah membandingkan Penerbangan Bertarif Rendah (Low-Cost Carrier/LCC) dan Penerbangan Pelayanan Penuh (Full Service Carrier/FSC) berdasarkan persepsi pengguna, dengan fokus pada aspek pelayanan yang dianggap penting dan kinerja layanan yang dirasakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) dan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), melibatkan 437 responden yang memberikan penilaian menggunakan skala Likert, dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan pada awal bulan Juni 2024. Variabel yang digunakan adalah: Informasi Website, Kebijakan Penetapan Harga, Jadwal dan Rute, Layanan Bandara, Sebelum Penerbangan, Selama Penerbangan dan Setelah Mendarat. 7 variabel tersebut terwakili dalam 26 atribut. Prioritas Utama tertuju pada LCC dengan fokus pada atribut Layanan Desk Check-in dan Konfirmasi Penerbangan yang belum di rasakan maksimal oleh pengguna. Sedangkan FSC telah dianggap baik pada semua variabel dan atribut sehingga fokus pada Pertahankan Prestasi. Indeks Kepuasan yang diperoleh secara keseluruhan pada LCC berada pada kategori Puas dan FSC kategori Sangat Puas.
Kata-kata Kunci: Kepuasan penumpang, penerbangan bertarif rendah, penerbangan pelayanan penuh.
Abstract
This research aims to measure user satisfaction as a key element that plays an important role in the development, contribution to sustainability, and strategic efforts in regulating airline services in Indonesia. The object of this research is to compare Low-Cost Carriers (LCC) and Full-Service Carriers (FSC) based on user perceptions, focusing on service aspects considered important and the perceived performance of the services. A combination of Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index methods for 437 respondents with a Likert scale assessment in early June 2024. The variables used are Website Information, Pricing Policy, Schedule and Route, Airport Services, Pre-Flight, In-Flight, and Post-Flight. These 7 variables are represented in 26 attributes. ‘Concentrate These’ on LCC with a focus on the Desk Check-in and Flight Confirmation Service attributes which users have not optimally experienced. Meanwhile, FSC has been considered good in all variables and attributes so it focuses on ‘Keep Up The Good Work’. The overall Satisfaction Index obtained at LCC is in the Satisfied category and FSC is in the Very Satisfied category.
Keywords: Full-service carrier, low cost-carrier, passenger satisfactio
Regresi Multiskala Tertimbang Geografis dan Temporal dengan LASSO dan Adaptif LASSO untuk Pemetaan Kejadian Tuberkulosis di Jawa Barat
No full textTuberculosis (TB) is a global health issue caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect any organ of the body, especially the lungs. The trend of TB cases varies between regions, and analytic assessment is required to identify the predictor variables. The purpose of this research is to compare the Multiscale Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (MGTWR) and the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) method, which both use Gaussian, Exponential, Uniform, and Bi-Square kernel functions, to identify significant variables in each region annually. The MGTWR method has the advantage of using a flexible bandwidth for each observation, that results in more accurate coefficient estimates. The sample used was 27 districts and cities in West Java Province, involving 36 variables divided into 5 dimensions, namely global climate, health, demography, population, and government policy, with a time span of 2019–2022. To overcome the problem of multicollinearity, the approach was carried out using the Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) and Adaptive LASSO methods. In determining the best model, the prioritized criteria are to achieve the highest R2, which indicates the optimal level of model fit, as well as the smallest AIC, which indicates the most efficient model goodness of fit. The best model is MGTWR with LASSO variable selection on the Bi-Square kernel. This model has an R2 of 91.25% and the smallest AIC of 139.868. From the best model, each region emerged with a cluster structure affected by various variables from 2019 to 2022, providing an in-depth understanding of TB mapping that can assist in formulating more effective intervention measures.Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan dapat menyerang organ tubuh mana pun, terutama paru-paru. Tren kasus TB bervariasi antar wilayah, dan diperlukan penilaian analitik untuk mengidentifikasi variabel prediktor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan metode Regresi Tertimbang Geografis dan Temporal Multiskala (RTGTM) dan Regresi Tertimbang Geografis dan Temporal (RTGT), yang keduanya menggunakan fungsi kernel Gaussian, Exponential, Uniform, dan Bi-Square, untuk mengidentifikasi variabel yang signifikan di setiap wilayah setiap tahunnya. Metode RTGTM memiliki keunggulan karena menggunakan bandwidth yang fleksibel untuk setiap observasi, sehingga menghasilkan estimasi koefisien yang lebih akurat. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 27 kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat, yang melibatkan 36 variabel yang dibagi menjadi 5 dimensi, yaitu iklim global, kesehatan, demografi, populasi, dan kebijakan pemerintah, dengan rentang waktu 2019–2022. Untuk mengatasi masalah multikolinearitas, pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) dan metode adaptive LASSO. Dalam menentukan model terbaik, kriteria yang diprioritaskan adalah mencapai R2 (R square) tertinggi yang menunjukkan tingkat kecocokan model yang optimal, serta AIC terkecil yang menunjukkan kebaikan model yang paling efisien. Model terbaik adalah RMTGT dengan pemilihan variabel LASSO pada kernel Bi-Square. Model ini memiliki R2 (R square) sebesar 91,25% dan AIC terkecil sebesar 139,868. Dari model terbaik tersebut, dihasilkan wilayah dengan struktur klaster yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai variabel dari tahun 2019 hingga 2022, sehingga memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang pemetaan TB yang dapat membantu dalam merumuskan tindakan intervensi yang lebih efektif
Dampak Game Online Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri Simpang Empat 2
No full textThis study aims to analyze the impact of online gaming on physical fitness by exploring the relationship between the duration of gaming and physical health. The research employed a correlational method with a quantitative approach, and participants were selected using purposive sampling. The instrument used in this. study was the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN), which included a series of tests such as the V Sit and Reach, Squat Thrust, Sit-Up, and PACER Test. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods, specifically Spearman’s correlation. The results revealed that there was no significant relationship between online gaming and physical fitness, with a significance value of 0.111 (> 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.266. This indicates a very weak and statistically insignificant relationship between the two variables. In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between online gaming and the physical fitness levels of student