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Backpacker tourism: Motivation to travel and return intention among domestic tourists
No full textAbstract onlyBackpacking, rooted in independent travel and cultural immersion, supports local communities and promotes sustainable tourism. Understanding backpackers' motivations and return intentions is essential for the Philippines to enhance tourism strategies and drive long-term growth. However, there is a lack of specific data and targeted strategies to attract backpacker tourists in the country. This study addresses these gaps by exploring the motivations and return intentions of domestic backpackers in the Philippines. The research assessed the socio-demographic profiles, levels of motivation, and extent of return intentions of 300 domestic backpacker tourists through a quantitative one-shot survey design. Results revealed that domestic backpacker tourists in the Philippines are highly motivated by the desire to explore new places, meet people, and relax. While this motivation is shared across all backgrounds, women, middle-aged adults, and married individuals appear even more eager to travel, likely due to their focus on personal growth, new experiences, and a break from routine. Many backpackers also plan to revisit the Philippines, driven by positive experiences, affordable costs, friendly locals, and enjoyable attractions. Although factors such as sex, marital status, income, and job position do not significantly influence the decision to return, age plays an important role, with middle-aged adults being the most likely to come back. The study further highlights a strong connection between motivation and return intention. Travelers who feel satisfied and inspired by their trips are more likely to return. By focusing on offering unique, relaxing, and culturally rich experiences, as well as improving infrastructure, the Philippines can attract more backpackers and encourage repeat visits.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Science in Tourism Managemen
Experiences of nurse managers in implementing discipline among staff nurses
No full textAbstract onlyNurse managers (NMs) often encounter emotional, professional, and structural challenges when implementing staff discipline, usually without formal training. This descriptive qualitative study explored the experiences, motivations, challenges, and strategies of six nurse managers purposively sampled from a private hospital in Iloilo City. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Five major themes emerged: “Challenges in Diversity", highlighting intergenerational conflict; "Collective Wisdom", emphasizing peer mentorship; "Drive to Discipline", rooted in patient safety; "Emotion-Driven", underscoring emotional intelligence; and "Value of Structure", stressing timely, transparent, and consistent institutional support. The findings confirm that effective discipline is a developmental process that requires adaptive leadership and consistent procedural justice. Organizational investment in managerial training, emotional support, and clear institutional structures is crucial for empowering NMs to foster a resilient and accountable workplace culture, thereby improving care management.Include bibliographical referencesMaster of Arts in Nursin
Bivalent oral vaccine using attenuated salmonella gallinarum delivering HA and NA-M2E confers dual protection against H9N2 avian influenza and fowl typhoid in chickens
No full textJournal article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080790Background: Fowl typhoid (FT), a septicemic infection caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and H9N2 avian influenza are two economically important diseases that significantly affect the global poultry industry.
Methods: We exploited the live attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) mutant JOL3062 (SG: ∆lon ∆pagL ∆asd) as a delivery system for H9N2 antigens to induce an immunoprotective response against both H9N2 and FT. To enhance immune protection against H9N2, a prokaryotic and eukaryotic dual expression plasmid, pJHL270, was employed. The hemagglutinin (HA) consensus sequence from South Korean avian influenza A virus (AIV) was cloned under the Ptrc promoter for prokaryotic expression, and the B cell epitope of neuraminidase (NA) linked with matrix protein 2 (M2e) was placed for eukaryotic expression. In vitro and in vivo expressions of the H9N2 antigens were validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.
Results: Oral immunization with JOL3121 induced a significant increase in SG and H9N2-specific serum IgY and cloacal swab IgA antibodies, confirming humoral and mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, FACS analysis showed increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. On day 28 post-immunization, there was a substantial rise in the hemagglutination inhibition titer in the immunized birds, demonstrating neutralization capabilities of immunization. Both IFN-γ and IL-4 demonstrated a significant increase, indicating a balance of Th1 and Th2 responses. Intranasal challenge with the H9N2 Y280 strain resulted in minimal to no clinical signs with significantly lower lung viral titer in the JOL3121 group. Upon SG wildtype challenge, the immunized birds in the JOL3121 group yielded 20% mortality, while 80% mortality was recorded in the PBS control group. Additionally, bacterial load in the spleen and liver was significantly lower in the immunized birds.
Conclusions: The current vaccine model, designed with a host-specific pathogen, SG, delivers a robust immune boost that could enhance dual protection against FT and H9N2 infection, both being significant diseases in poultry, as well as ensure public health
Good governance practices and leadership styles among punong barangays in Iloilo City
Full text linkFull text availableThis study, which aimed determine the good governance practices and leadership styles among Punong Barangays in Iloilo City for Academic Year 2024-2025, utilized the descriptive-correlational research design. The respondents in the study were 56 Punong Barangays in their 2nd and 3rd terms, selected from Jaro, City Proper, and Lapaz districts of Iloilo City. The purposive sampling method was also used to ensure proportional representation of respondents. Frequency count and percentages were employed for descriptive statistics, while the mean and standard deviations were used to present data on Good Governance practices. For the correlational analysis, Cramer’s V, Gamma tests, and Chi – square test were utilized to determine the association between the variable, all set at .05 level significance. The results revealed that Punong Barangays were predominantly within the ages of 51 and older, the majority had attained college level education, most were male, more than half were in their second term, and they exhibited varying levels of participation in trainings and seminars. All indicators of good governance were rated as highly practiced. Furthermore, democratic leadership is the most preferred among Punong barangays. There is significant relationship between Punong Barangay profiles and good governance practices and leadership styles. There is a significant and direct relationship between the Punong Barangays’ good governance practices and their leadership styles. Democratic leadership was strongly linked to high levels of good governance practices and emerged as the most effective leadership styles for fostering accountability, effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, participation and consensus oriented, rule of law, and transparency.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Arts in Political Science and Public Administratio
Insecticidal properties of miracle fruit (Crescentia cujete) leaves against mosquito larvae
Full text linkAbstract onlyMosquito-borne diseases remain a major public health concern globally, with mosquitoes being the primary vector of dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and Yellow fever. In response to increasing resistance to synthetic larvicides and growing environmental concerns, there is an urgent need to explore alternative, eco-friendly mosquito control strategies. This study investigates the insecticidal properties of Miracle Fruit (Cerescentia cujete) leaves against mosquito larvae. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, which are known to possess larvicidal activity. Laboratory bioassays were done using 25% concentration (333.33 ppm) of leaf extracts to determine their efficacy in inducing larval mortality, with significant lethality observed at moderately high concentrations. The findings suggest that C. cujete possesses potent larvicidal properties and has the potential to be developed as a natural and sustainable larvicide. However, further research is recommended to isolate the specific active compounds and evaluate their environmental safety and applicability.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Science in Biolog
Understanding the dynamics of overseas education pursuits among Chinese students
Full text linkAbstract onlyThis study aimed at understanding the dynamics of overseas education pursuits among Chinese students, with a particular focus on the study abroad experiences in countries along the Belt and Road route in Southeast Asia, using a social constructivism and interpretive inquiry framework. This study which employed a case study research approach included interviews, observations, and document analysis. It utilized a purposive sampling of 12 participants, composed of nine faculty members and staff; and three executives holding managerial positions in local ordinary institutions in China. The findings revealed that participants' decisions to pursue doctoral degrees in Southeast Asia were influenced by external factors, destination-specific advantages, and personal motivations. Despite challenges such as language barriers, cultural adaptation, and academic pressures, participants achieved significant gains in professional skills, career competitiveness, and educational perspectives, benefiting both themselves and their institutions. The study highlights the need for collaborative efforts to optimize the study-abroad environment, assess Southeast Asian doctoral education, and promote sustainable faculty development. It bridges gaps in Southeast Asian doctoral education research and aids faculty internationalization and professionalization.Includes bibliographical referencesDoctor of Educatio
Seminary libraries' compliance with standards and implementation of programs and services in response to users' needs: Inputs to a library development plan
Full text linkAbstract onlyThis study aimed to determine the compliance of seminary libraries in Negros with Commission on Higher Education (CHED) standards across key areas such as vision, mission, administration, human resources, collection management, services, information technology infrastructure, physical facilities, financial resources, and linkages. It also assessed the implementation of library programs and services based on Association of Theological Education in South East Asia (ATESEA) standards to address user needs. Significant differences among seminaries in compliance levels with CHED standards and in program and service implementation according to ATESEA standards were also examined, as well as significant relationships between compliance and implementation. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed. Respondents included seminarians and library personnel from five major seminary schools in Negros, selected via total enumeration. Data were collected using validated and reliable modified CHED and ATESEA assessment tools through face-to-face surveys. Interrater reliability was ensured by an expert. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential analysis (One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation) were utilized. Results indicated that seminary libraries showed moderate compliance with CHED standards, while implementation of programs and services based on ATESEA standards was almost fully implemented. Significant differences existed among seminaries in both compliance and implementation levels. A strong positive correlation was found between compliance with CHED standards and program/service implementation. Based on these findings, a library development plan was proposed to address gaps in resources, technology, and services, aiming to enhance overall library performance.Includes bibliographical referencesMaster in Library and Information Scienc
Lived experiences of parent-caregivers: Life with a child with Schizophrenia
Full text linkAbstract onlyThis phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of Filipino parent-caregivers raising a child diagnosed with schizophrenia. Drawing from the epistemological framework of social constructivism and interpretivism, the research delves into the emotional, psychological, and social dimensions of caregiving. Guided by the Stress Process Model and Self-Determination Theory, it examines how caregiving affects parents' well-being, motivations, and coping mechanisms within a cultural context that often stigmatizes mental illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four parent-caregivers from rural and urban areas in Iloilo, Guimaras, and Antique. Thematic analysis revealed multifaceted challenges, including emotional exhaustion, financial strain, social isolation, and strained family dynamics. Despite these, caregivers also reported personal growth, strengthened faith, and profound familial bonds as sources of hope and resilience. Findings highlight the urgent need for systemic support, caregiver inclusive mental health programs, and culturally sensitive interventions. The study offers critical insights into the nuanced caregiving journey, underscoring the importance of recognizing and empowering parent-caregivers in the broader discourse of mental healthcare in the Philippines.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Science in Psycholog
Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing activity of ripe jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) rag and peel ethanolic extracts against Salmonella sp. and Streptococcus sp.
Full text linkAbstract onlyFruit waste, particularly peels and other residues, is often discarded in large quantities. Approximately 60% of the jackfruit is discarded, including the inedible parts like the peels, seeds, rags and other components, contributing to environmental problems such as bio-waste accumulation and water pollution. This study assessed the antibacterial efficacy and anti-quorum sensing potential of ethanolic extracts from rag and peel of jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus against Salmonella sp. and Streptococcus sp., which are common pathogenic microorganisms that pose a serious threat to the poultry sector. Antibacterial activities of both extracts were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Results show that ethanolic extracts from the A. heterophyllus rag and peel inhibited the growth of Salmonella sp., and Streptococcus sp.. All concentrations of extracts that were tested resulted in zones of inhibition ranging from 16 to 32 mm in diameter. The ethanolic extract from the peel showed significantly stronger antibacterial activity compared to rag, with inhibition zones of 27.33±0.67 mm against Streptococcus sp. and 32.33±0.67 mm against Salmonella sp.. Results from the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) revealed that antibacterial and bactericidal effects of both extracts were concentration-dependent, with the jackfruit peel extract showing superior efficacy compared to the rag extract. In addition to antibacterial activity, the anti-quorum sensing potential of the extracts was also assessed using the swarming motility assay. All concentrations of the rag extract exhibited significant anti-quorum sensing effects, while only 100% concentration of the peel extract exhibited such activity. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and glycosides in A. heterophyllus rag and peel ethanolic extracts. As a whole, ethanolic extracts of A. heterophyllus rag and peel contain bioactive compounds that possess a significant antibacterial activity and anti-quorum sensing potential against Streptococcus sp. and Salmonella sp. These substances may have potential applications in the health management of poultry and maybe other domestic animals as well.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Science in Biolog
Extraction and characterization of collagen from red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) scales
Full text linkFull text availableThe increasing demand for sustainable and alternative collagen sources has led to a focus on fish by-products, particularly fish scales, as viable materials for collagen extraction. In this study, collagen was extracted from red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) scales, following an established pepsin-soluble extraction protocol. Approximately 7 grams of collagen powder were obtained from 250 grams of dried scales. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the extracted collagen and confirmed the presence of Type I collagen, characterized by its distinct amide peaks. The extracted collagen has potential for diverse applications, including skin regeneration, wound healing, and anti-aging cosmetics. The findings highlight the potential of red snapper scale collagen as a sustainable alternative to mammalian sources. This study contributes to waste reduction in fisheries and supports the development of innovative, eco-friendly biomaterials for industrial use.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Science in Biolog