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WHAT STIMULATES SCIENTISTS TO RESEARCH RESULTS COMMERCIALIZATION? DISCOVERY AND DELIVERY SKILLS PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFBased on a systematic literature review and the concept of ‘Innovator’s DNA’ by Dyers et al., this paper aims to broaden the knowledge about scientists’ discovery and delivery skills that stimulate them to commercialize research results. We use the data from a quantitative study conducted at one of the leading research universities in Poland. The survey was completed on a representative sample of 496 scientists. We used the EFA to test the factors underlying the Innovator’s DNA scale and the logistic regression to interpret the relationship between the identified scientist’s skills and the commercialization of their results. The EFA results showed that, in the case of scientists, unlike in the Innovator’s DNA concept, the analyzed skills focused on four factors. We defined them as disciplined, detail-oriented implementation, searching for new ideas, drawing inspiration, and questioning skills. The logistic regression estimation showed that only the drawing inspiration skills affected the commercialization activity of the surveyed scientists
WSPÓŁCZESNE KONCEPCJE I PODEJŚCIA DO MOTYWOWANIA PRACOWNIKÓW W PERSPEKTYWIE PRACY HYBRYDOWEJ – ANALIZA TEORETYCZNYCH I EMPIRYCZNYCH WYNIKÓW BADAŃ Z LITERATURY ŚWIATOWEJ
No full textThe paper presents modern motivational concepts in human resources management and approaches to motivating employees based on the analysis of previous theoretical and empirical research results, with a particular emphasis on hybrid work. A systematic literature review from the years 2000–2022 was conducted using electronic, international databases (EBSCOhost, Emerald, Scopus). This review examined three keywords derived from the study’s objectives. Titles, abstracts, and keywords of publications were analyzed and items on the selected topics were found. The findings suggest that the subject of motivating hybrid employees remains under-researched and represents a gap in current research. The active use of classical theories of motivation is an interesting observation. There is a lack of comprehensive research on modern methods of motivating employees that would respond their current needs. There is a growing demand for understanding this area – 70% of publications from 2022 contains the subject of hybrid work. It can be assumed that in the coming years, the number of publications related to hybrid employment and the context of motivating such employees will grow.Artykuł przedstawia współczesne koncepcje motywacyjne w zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi oraz podejścia do motywowania pracowników na podstawie analizy dotychczasowych teoretycznych i empirycznych wyników badań z uwzględnieniem aspektu pracy hybrydowej. Przeprowadzono systematyczny przegląd literatury z lat 2000–2022 w elektronicznych, międzynarodowych bazach danych (EBSCOhost, Emerald, Scopus), badając trzy słowa kluczowe wynikające z dekompozycji celu badania. Analizowano tytuły, abstrakty i słowa kluczowe publikacji, znajdując pozycje o wybranej tematyce. Stwierdzono, że ta tematyka, zwłaszcza z uwzględnieniem osób zatrudnionych hybrydowo, jest wciąż mało zbadanym obszarem i stanowi lukę badawczą. Ciekawą obserwacją jest wciąż aktywne wykorzystywanie klasycznych teorii motywacji. Brakuje zatem kompleksowych badań w zakresie współczesnych metod motywowania pracowników, które odpowiadałyby na ich aktualne potrzeby. Zauważalny jest wzrost zapotrzebowania na poznanie tego obszaru – aż 70% publikacji z 2022 roku stanowią pozycje zawierające tematykę pracy hybrydowej. Można zatem przypuszczać, że w najbliższych latach liczba publikacji związanych z zatrudnieniem hybrydowym i motywowaniem takich pracowników będzie rosł
The consumer in the process of deciding on a bank and the Swiss franc as a loan currency: the impact of the decision on consumers’ disposable income
Get PDFAt the beginning of the article the authors referred to the consumer, the factors affecting his or her choices and the decision-making process. Subsequently, the factors and circumstances determining the consumer’s choice of a loan denominated in the Swiss franc (CHF) in Poland were specified. In the following section there wa presented an analysis of the value of granted CHF loans in the period from 07.2008 to 05.2022. It was assumed that the analysed group regards: a family of 2+2, i.e., two working individuals with incomes equal to 150% of a minimum wage; a loan of PLN 250,000 to be repaid over 30 years, disbursed on 1.08.2008 in one tranche, being repaid since 1.09.2008. A comparative analysis entailed three selected banks. In the summary, the authors referred to the main hypothesis: despite the knowledge of the economic conditions, the consumer possesses a lower disposable income when choosing a CHF credit, and two auxiliary hypotheses: hypothesis 1 was that home loans denominated in CHF, despite having a lower interest rate are less favourable to the borrower in the long run than the loans denominated in the Polish zloty, and hypothesis 2 was that in the process of deciding upon a bank, the consumer is guided by economic factors
Mikrotransakcje i DLC jako forma monetyzacji gier wideo
Get PDFThe article presents the research results related to an additional form of obtaining revenues from computer games, which are microtransactions and DLC. Polish players were surveyed to determine their propensity to bear the costs of buying game add-ons. Based on preliminary observations of online forums, it was hypothesized that this relationship is negative and depends on the gender, age, and education of the players. This hypothesis has only been partially confirmed. Players are not willing to spend money only on game add-ons for the mobile platform. A statistically significant dependence of this tendency on sex was also found.W artykule zaprezentowano badania związane z dodatkową formą uzyskiwania przychodów z gier komputerowych, jakimi są mikrotransakcje oraz DLC. Ankietowano polskich graczy w celu określenia ich skłonności do ponoszenia kosztów zakupu dodatków do gier. Na podstawie wstępnych obserwacji forów internetowych postawiono hipotezę, że stosunek ten jest negatywny oraz uzależniony od płci, wieku i wykształcenia graczy. Hipoteza ta została tylko częściowo potwierdzona. Gracze nie są skłonni wydawać pieniędzy jedynie na dodatki do gier na platformę mobilną. Stwierdzono też statystycznie istotną zależność wspomnianej skłonności od płci
Patchwork Capitalism in Central and Eastern Europe – a New Conceptualization
Get PDFThis paper aims at a new conceptualization of the essence of post-communist capitalism that emerged in most former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe, with special emphasis on the eleven states that joined the European Union between 2004 and 2013 (CEE11). Our conceptualization highlights the unique nature and peculiar features of this type of capitalism, resulting from the path-dependent evolution of the socio-economic orders in most countries of the region. On the basis of theoretical and empirical research conducted in the field of new institutional economics, new economic sociology, economic anthropology, comparative political economy and related disciplines, as well as applying Weberian ideal-type method, we argue that the CEE11 countries exhibit incoherence of their institutional architectures or else – they lack the institutional 'fabric' of their socio-economic orders (fundamental rules of the game) which would determine the nature of their 'thread', i.e., organizations and secondary institutions (players). Simultaneously, we also show that this is the outcome of both the centuries-long weaknesses of the national institutional architectures in these countries, two institutional and class structure breakdowns or turning points on their development trajectories that occurred in the 1939–1949 and the 1989/1991 periods respectively, as well as the subsequent, unique process of 'building capitalism without capitalists' in the 1990s. As a result of the interaction of multiple factors, in most of the CEE11 countries a peculiar type of capitalism has emerged, which we have described in terms of an ideal type. Its essence boils down to: (i) the weakness of basic institutions making up their socio-economic order, including the state and the law, as a consequence of their historical legacy and the way it was created by the intelligentsia-based 'breakthrough elite'; (ii) the absence of a dominant form of capital able to impose its own 'fabric' preferences: this was, inter alia, a derivative of unconstrained access of foreign capital, coming from various countries, and the coexistence of various forms of national ownership, none of which has achieved or maintained a strong enough position to impose an institutional structure on the entire economy; (iii) the resultant absence of a dominant economic class (e.g. the national bourgeoisie) interested in the existence of a particular 'fabric', ready to defend it and with sufficient political influence to do so; and (iv) the lack of well-internalized – or deeply socially embedded – cultural values supporting the 'fabric'. These factors combined make patchwork capitalism vulnerable to entropic economic growth (the concept wwe discuss in Section 3 of the article) as, due to low institutional barriers to entry, any new organizations and institutions can join it relatively easily, imposing their own logics on the host institutional architectures – exactly the way a patchwork blanket is made through stitching divergent new patches. Given these peculiarities we argue that patchwork capitalism ought to be conceived as a new, distinct research category in comparative studies on post-communist capitalism. Our intention, however, is not to replace the existing typologies of capitalism in CEE11 countries with a new one; rather, we aim to complement and ameliorate them through pointing to a new, peculiar dimension of capitalism, mostly neglected in the hitherto research. The peculiarity of this dimension consists in its two-form character: it either (i) gives certain types of capitalism a patchwork feature, indicating the relative weakness of the institutional 'fabric' involved and vulnerability to transformation, or (ii) denotes a separate object, i.e., it implies the existence of a self-contained type of capitalism, labeled 'patchwork capitalism'. In the latter situation, a specific socio-economic order converges to the ideal type due to the extreme weakness of its 'fabric'. In the first case, an exemplification may be for example 'patchwork corporatism', i.e., an order in which, despite the relative weakness of its fabric, the institutional architecture concerned resembles a coordinated market economy. In turn, in the second case, the institutional fabric is so ambiguous and volatile that its unequivocal classification in conceptual terms inherent to standard typologies of capitalism becomes a challenge, which often leads researchers to qualify a given socioeconomic order as 'heterogeneity'
Wybrane aspekty controllingu projektów w świetle badań empirycznych
Get PDFThe article aims to present the research conducted in the years 2013–2017 on the problem of project controlling with regard to organisations implementing projects in Poland. The author made an analysis of a real approach to the control of projects at every stage of their life cycle, the reasons behind the introduction of project controlling in the organization as well as the scope of controlling applied in the project practice. The research also identifies the positions responsible for the strategic control of projects and major tasks accomplished by a project controller; it also indicates benefits and defects resulting from the introduction of project controlling systems in organisations. The target group included participants of projects conducted in Polish organisations, primarily managers, but also members of project teams and steering committees. The obtained results allowed for the identification of a number of correlations and regularities between variables significant in project management and the controlling system elements, at both strategic and operating levels.Celem artykułu jest prezentacja prowadzonych w latach 2013–2017 badań dotyczących problematyki controllingu projektów w odniesieniu do organizacji realizujących projekty w Polsce. Autor poddał analizie rzeczywiste podejścia do kontroli realizowanych projektów na każdym etapie ich cyklu życia, powody wprowadzenia controllingu projektów do organizacji oraz zakres kontroli stosowanej w praktyce projektowej. W badaniu zidentyfikowano również stanowiska odpowiedzialne za strategiczną kontrolę w projektach i główne zadania pełnione przez kontrolera projektów, jak też wskazano korzyści i wady wprowadzenia systemu controllingu projektów do organizacji. Grupą docelową byli uczestnicy projektów realizowanych w polskich organizacjach, przede wszystkim kierownicy, ale także członkowie zespołów projektowych i komitetów sterujących. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na identyfikację szeregu korelacji i prawidłowości pomiędzy zmiennymi istotnymi w zarządzaniu projektami a elementami systemu controllingu, zarówno na poziomie strategicznym, jak i operatywnym
Going West, to the Great Unknown. Trade Unions from the Central and Eastern Europe and Upward Convergence of Social Standards in the European Union
Get PDFThe article examine attitudes of trade unions representing the New Member States (NMS) from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) towards EU-level institutions and organisations and the Western (EU-15) trade unions in the context of upward convergence of social standards. Following the literature review of the evolution of industrial relations in the CEE in the context of EU expansion and integration, the analysis of data coming from the original research conducted between 2018 and 2020 is carried out. The analysis cover such areas as European minimum wage, Transnational Company Agreements, cross-border union cooperation, posting of workers, alleged protectionism/isolationism of Western trade unions, European social dialogue, the European pillar of social rights (EPSR); quality of relations between CEE and ‘old’ member states within European trade union movement, CEE trade unions perceptions of ‘social dumping’,CEE trade unions’ views on foreign capital (FDI) and its impact on the IR system. In the conclusion, it is observed that while East-West divide still exist, there are not many areas where the interests and expectations of trade unions from the ‘old’ and ’new’ MS openly clash, and in some cases, such as Posting of Workers Directive, there are even signs of cross-border union solidarity and cooperation emerging
Cooperation with the tourism industry as a basic condition for good tourism policy pursued by the state
Get PDFMagnificence,The Honorable members of Senate,Ladies and Gentlemen,I would like to express my deep gratitude to the university authorities and academic colleagues for this great distinction.I would like to emphasize the importance of the quality of education and practical training. I am a graduate of hospitality technical school and the science gained from this stage of my education was very useful in my further activity in the tourism business. In my opinion, only openness to global trends, combined with in-depth knowledge and practice, produce tangible results. Tourism has always been very important in my life. After graduating from technical school, I chose tourism studies and for many years I successfully combine business activity in tourism with activities in the public sphere.Magnificence,The Honorable members of Senate,Ladies and Gentlemen,I would like to express my deep gratitude to the university authorities and academic colleagues for this great distinction.I would like to emphasize the importance of the quality of education and practical training. I am a graduate of hospitality technical school and the science gained from this stage of my education was very useful in my further activity in the tourism business. In my opinion, only openness to global trends, combined with in-depth knowledge and practice, produce tangible results. Tourism has always been very important in my life. After graduating from technical school, I chose tourism studies and for many years I successfully combine business activity in tourism with activities in the public sphere
TIMING STRATEGIES IN COOPERATION AMONG CULTURAL AND ART INSTITUTIONS
Get PDFIn the field of strategic management, strategies have been so far considered mainly in the long-term horizon, as a deliberately planned process with previously defined goals. Thus, the aspect of spontaneous, sudden, impulsive or even intuition-based actions, encouraging the use of emerging opportunities in the organization’s environment, also in relation to cooperation with other entities, was omitted. At the same time, it has been shown that inter-organizationalcooperation is a relationship that may be short-term, temporary, incremental, emerging spontaneously, which is particularly visible among cultural and art institutions due to the specific nature of their activities. The aim of the article is to present the importance of time and the appropriate moment to take action and exemplification of the use of chances in the cooperation of cultural and art institutions based on timing strategies. The study is based on a qualitative, interpretive approach using 50 semi-structured interviews conducted in the performing arts sector among public and private theaters. The study not only identified but also illustrated the use of four timing strategies in inter-organizational cooperation of cultural and art institutions that relate to the usage of chances in the environment, i.e.: chance-grasping strategy, chance-entraining strategy, chance-riding strategy and chance-creating strategy. The article shows their use in performing arts using specific examples. Research results prove that cultural and art institutions cooperate on a temporary, ad hoc basis, taking advantage of favorable moments and opportunities emerging in the environment, hence they use different timing strategies, adapted to the current situation and the prevailing needs of the organization
The assessment of business customers’ satisfaction in the B2B market on the example of a metallurgical company
Get PDFThe guarantee of a company’s success in the business to business (B2B) market is the acquisition of customers satisfied with the purchased products or services and loyal to the company. The metallurgical industry is a specialised sector with a narrow group of buyers. In order to ensure mutualrelations in the B2B market, numerous activities are carried out to strengthen the ties between business partners. One of such activities is the assessment of customer satisfaction, which gives the company an opportunity to learn about the needs, preferences, and expectations of its customers. The aim of the study was to assess the satisfaction of business customers with the cooperation with a chosen company in the metallurgical industry, a world leader among solutions in the metal heat treatment sector. The CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique was used to achieve the aim of the work, in which proprietary research instruments were used. To assess the loyalty of the company’s business partners, the Net Promoter Score (NPS) was used. The study was carried out at the turn of 2021/2022 in two stages of cooperation between the company and its business partners. The first verification was carried out after signing the final protocol and the second after the end of the warranty period. The study was global. 104 companies from various industries and operating on international markets participated in the survey. The results of the conducted research showed a high rating of customer satisfaction with the cooperation with the company. This is evidenced by both the high values obtained of the NPS index (51.7% for tests made after the device was launched, 55.6% for tests carried out after its warranty period), and high ratings of customer satisfaction with the products and services offered by the company. The results of the study also allowed the authors to identify areas of the company’s activity for further improvement