FITISPos-International Journal (FITISPos-IJ)
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    ‘Unstated’ Mediation: On the ethical aspects of non-professional interpreting and translation

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    This volume presents some of the papers and talks given at the 6th International Conference on Non-Professional Interpreting and Translation (NPIT6), which was organized by the Department of English Studies at the University of Cyprus in May 2023. The contributions provide a good overview of the variety of topics presented at the conference. More importantly, they also represent both the academia and the industry, which is crucial when discussing the understanding of the wider notion of professionalism in the light of Non-Professional Interpreting and Translation (NPIT). Not every multilingual communicative need can be covered by professionals. For example, there can be lack of professionals for a rare language combination, the occasion may be an emergency, the communicative need may be too trivial or unplanned to call in a professional, or a professional may simply not be affordable. Therefore, people attempt to bridge communicative gaps on their own every single day, despite not being trained for this activity, often despite the availability of professionals, and sometimes precisely because of their unavailability. They attempt to communicate because they must, given that our world experiences massive migration flows, our economies now work multilingually at various levels, and natural or human-inflicted disasters require swift reaction and ad hoc coordination. People attempt such bridging with all the resources they have available, even if these resources might be nothing more than the sheer necessity, the desire to survive, or some basic knowledge of a foreign language. Such mediation often tends to be overlooked, thus ‘unstated’, though it actually hides a series of important ethical concerns. When translation and interpreting take place as ‘unstated’ forms of mediation, one tends to investigate NPIT as an opposite pole to professional mediation, perhaps a problematic, or even renegade one. Seen from an ethical perspective, this pole could perhaps be a complementary one to professional mediation. Such contemplations would eventually challenge the very notion of professionalism, given that NPIT happens almost naturally, almost in the same way language occurs. The important questions are whether there are boundaries to it, whether there are cases in which it should be avoided, who should be doing it and in what circumstances, what can professionals and researchers learn from it, and what can be done to support it when it seems worth the effort. Delving into the ethical aspects of NPIT would provide perhaps one of the most inclusive categories which can act as a generic framework for investigating the forms it can take and its repercussions for all ‘sides’ involved

    Working paper. Public service interpreting in Madrid: evaluation and challenges in a multicultural context

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    : In the current multicultural society, the increasing migratory flow present in various geographical regions of Spain has heightened the demand for interpreting services. Despite this growing necessity, the social and humanitarian aspects of interpreting remain one of the least explored areas within the field of translation and interpreting. This research seeks to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of public service interpreting in the Community of Madrid. To achieve this objective, a field analysis will be conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, as previously implemented in the city of Córdoba (Policastro-Ponce & Merino Cabello, 2024). The primary aim of this study is to thoroughly examine the functioning of interpreting services across diverse public institutions and to assess the usefulness of this approach in identifying the specific needs of service users.A pesar de la creciente multiculturalidad que caracteriza a numerosos entornos geográficos de nuestro país, la dimensión social y humanitaria de la interpretación sigue siendo la menos estudiada dentro de las distintas especialidades de esta profesión, a pesar de haberse convertido en una de las más necesarias y demandadas en los últimos años. Este estudio de investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión actual, comparativa y real de la interpretación social en las ciudades de Córdoba y Madrid. Para ello, se propone realizar un análisis de campo desde un enfoque tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, ya completado en la primera región. El propósito principal es comprender en profundidad cómo funcionan los servicios de interpretación en los servicios públicos de ambas ciudades y evaluar la utilidad de esta propuesta en la identificación de las necesidades de los usuarios

    Working paper. Revisiting theories on child language brokering: qualitative analysis of the experiences and perspectives of Occidental College’s bilingual students

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    Child language brokering, a form of non-professional translation and interpreting, occurs when a bilingual child carries out interpreting and translation tasks for their family to help them adapt to the communication in the new environment. Since child language brokering occurs in any country hosting migrants, there are a plethora of studies focusing on the most diverse populations. However, the majority of research thus far has centered on U.S. residents of Spanish-speaking origins. In the present study we will analyze said population, although with a new demarcation: our target group are all students at the same college. Through a literature review we identified hypotheses put forward by experts so as to initiate an original qualitative study which will aim to confirm or disprove said ideas. The study, consisting of a preliminary 20-question survey and a subsequent 50-question recorded interview with a sample of 8 participants, will confirm 5 hypotheses and disprove 2. Lastly, we conclude by suggesting new lines of research to delve further into the subject.En el ámbito de la traducción e interpretación no profesional surge la figura del child language broker: un joven bilingüe, descendiente de inmigrantes, que realiza tareas de interpretación y traducción para facilitar la integración de sus familias en el país de acogida. Debido a que este es un fenómeno presente en cualquier país receptor de inmigración, existen multitud de estudios enfocados en las más diversas poblaciones. No obstante, aquella que ha recibido el grueso de la atención es la originaria de países hispanohablantes que residen en Estados Unidos. En el presente estudio se analizará dicha población y, además, se delimitará la muestra por un igual contexto estudiantil: la pertenencia a la misma universidad. Una revisión bibliográfica ha permitido identificar las hipótesis propuestas por expertos, y es nuestra intención confirmar o refutar dichas teorías. Mediante una encuesta preliminar de 20 preguntas y entrevistas grabadas de 50 preguntas a 8 sujetos se han podido confirmar 5 hipótesis y refutar 2. Por último, se concluye sugiriendo nuevas vías de investigación para ahondar más en la cuestión

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    In this article, we delve into the current community interpreting situation in the Czech Republic, focusing on several aspects directly linked to this topic. Our primary objective is to analyze the community interpreting market, particularly in relation to the absence of qualification requirements for community interpreters. As a result of this state of affairs, four groups of interpreters provide these services: professional interpreters, non-professional interpreters, intercultural workers and ad hoc interpreters who work privately, through NGOs, or as contractors of state institutions. We examine the training options and certification processes available in the Czech Republic and address the new challenges that have arisen with the outbreak of the migration crisis in 2022, including short-term and long-term responses. The roles of NGOs and academia in shaping the profile of community interpreters in the Czech Republic are also explored, given that there is no official registration of this profession with the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. Our study combines descriptive and empirical approaches, presenting up-to-date data on training for community interpreters, specifically within the project under the National Restoration Plan funded by the Ministry of Education. Furthermore, we present the findings of our research conducted in collaboration with NGOs that aimed to map the current situation of community interpreting services they provide. The Institute of Translation Studies at Charles University closely cooperates with various stakeholders in the field of community interpreting, which enables us to provide an adequate overview of the current situation in this area.Resumen Este artículo se adentra en la situación actual de la interpretación comunitaria en la República Checa, prestando especial atención a varios aspectos relacionados directamente con este tema. El objetivo principal es analizar el mercado de la interpretación comunitaria, principalmente en relación con la ausencia de requisitos de cualificación para los intérpretes comunitarios. El resultado de esta situación es que hay cuatro grupos de intérpretes prestando activamente estos servicios: intérpretes profesionales, intérpretes no profesionales, trabajadores interculturales e intérpretes ad hoc que trabajan de forma privada, a través de ONG o como contratistas de instituciones estatales. En este trabajo examinamos las opciones de formación disponibles y los procesos de certificación en la República Checa, además de abordar los nuevos retos que han surgido con el estallido de la crisis migratoria en 2022, incluidas las respuestas a corto y largo plazo. También se exploran las funciones de las ONG y el mundo académico en la configuración del perfil de los intérpretes comunitarios en la República Checa, dado que no existe un registro oficial de esta profesión en el Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales. Nuestro estudio combina enfoques descriptivos y empíricos, presentando datos actualizados sobre la formación de intérpretes comunitarios, concretamente dentro del proyecto del Plan Nacional de Restauración financiado por el Ministerio de Educación. Además, presentamos los resultados de nuestra investigación realizada en colaboración con varias ONG, al objeto de trazar un mapa actual de los servicios de interpretación comunitaria que prestan. El Instituto de Estudios de Traducción de la Universidad Carolina colabora estrechamente con diversas partes interesadas en el campo de la interpretación comunitaria, lo que nos permite ofrecer una visión adecuada de la situación actual en este ámbito de estudio. Palabras clave: interpretación comunitaria, trabajo intercultural, profesionalización de la interpretación, ON

    LA COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL COMO CONTRIBUCIÓN AL DESARROLLO DE UN PERFIL COMPLEJO DE LOS FUTUROS INTÉRPRETES DE LOS SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS

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    The paper describes a particular platform for international bilateral and trilateral cooperation in the field of public service interpreting education in Slovakia, Austria and the Czech Republic. In this regard, the paper highlights the contribution of the initiative of the Working Group on Public Service Translation and Interpreting and Languages of Lesser Diffusion (WG PSIT & LLD) of the European Masters´ in Translation network (EMT) under the umbrella of the European Directorate General for Translation (DGT) of the European Commission, which promotes the exchange of information and experiences of good practice between European countries and thus contributes to raising awareness of the importance of translation and interpreting in the processes of migrants\u27 integration into the receiving societies. The paper presents the cooperation between the Department of Translation Studies of the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra (Slovakia), the Centre for Translation Studies of the University of Vienna (Austria), and the Department of German Studies of the University of Ostrava (Czech Republic). It describes the current forms of joint activities for students from the three countries and evaluates their effectiveness. The article also suggests further possibilities for deepening contacts within the international academic environment and practice.El artículo describe una plataforma particular para la cooperación internacional bilateral y trilateral en el ámbito de la formación de intérpretes de servicio público en Eslovaquia, Austria y la República Checa. En este sentido, el documento destaca la contribución de la iniciativa del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Traducción e Interpretación de Servicio Público y Lenguas de Menor Difusión (WG PSIT & LLD) de la red de Másteres Europeos en Traducción (EMT) bajo el paraguas de la Dirección General Europea de Traducción (DGT) de la Comisión Europea, que promueve el intercambio de información y experiencias de buenas prácticas entre países europeos y contribuye así a concienciar sobre la importancia de la traducción y la interpretación en los procesos de integración de los inmigrantes en las sociedades receptoras. El artículo presenta la cooperación entre el Departamento de Estudios de Traducción de la Universidad Constantino el Filósofo de Nitra (Eslovaquia), el Centro de Estudios de Traducción de la Universidad de Viena (Austria) y el Departamento de Estudios Alemanes de la Universidad de Ostrava (República Checa), y describe las formas actuales de actividades conjuntas para estudiantes de los tres países y evalúa su eficacia. El artículo también sugiere otras posibilidades de profundizar los contactos en el entorno académico y la práctica internacionales

    The dynamics of public service interpreting and translation: specificities and challenges in education and professionalisation

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    This feature article outlines the common characteristics in the process of providing for the needs of multilingual communication in practice and education in different countries, the trajectories that countries may be going through in the field of PSIT and thechallenges that stakeholders face in this process. The article also analyses the situation in the field of PSIT in Slovakia, describes the crisis solutions implemented in the initial phase of increased demand for PSIT services and defines the context for PSIT education and further developments in PSIT

    Establishing a sustainable public service interpreting education in Sweden

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    This article describes the reorganization of the Public Service Interpreting (PSI) education initiated in 2017 at the Institute for Interpreting and Translation Studies at Stockholm University in Sweden. The objective was to establish a sustainable educational infrastructure in order to meet societal needs for interpreting services in languages of lesser diffusion (LLD). The concept of sustainability is discussed in relation to interpreting education. Three particularly important areas are highlighted in relation to this objective. Firstly, is the design of the PSI curriculum and the necessity of meeting the varying needs of working languages. Secondly, is the establishment of an educational infrastructure by creating different trajectories for continued PSI-related education. Thirdly, is the establishment of connecting activities linking the PSI program and related courses and stakeholders in society at a number of different levels. The rationale behind the curriculum development and related activities, as well as the journey ahead, are discussed

    Public service interpreting in Italy and child language brokering: two sides of the same coin

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    This paper will provide an introductory overview of Public Service Interpreting (PSI) in Italy, followed by a review of the literature on non-professional interpreting in PSI with a specific focus on Child Language Brokering (CLB) in the educational setting. We will then illustrate and discuss the results of a research that used a methodology that is new to CLB studies in Italy, namely the use of narrative vignette interviews. A vignette provides a story-telling trigger that allows the respondents to reflect on what happens in the story and is a valid method for eliciting complex and sensitive accounts of CLB in our case. The results of the analysis of the narratives created with the aid of this methodology brought to the fore new aspects of the practice of CLB in the public service setting in general and in the educational setting in particular.Este artículo proporcionará una introducción general a la interpretación en los servicios públicos (Public Service Interpreting, PSI) en Italia, seguida de una revisión de la literatura sobre la interpretación no profesional en la PSI con un enfoque específico en la intermediación lingüística infantil (Child Language Brokering, CLB) en el ámbito educativo. A continuación, ilustraremos y discutiremos los resultados de una investigación que utilizó una metodología que es nueva para los estudios de CLB en Italia, a saber, el uso de entrevistas con viñetas narrativas. Una viñeta proporciona un desencadenante narrativo que permite a los encuestados reflexionar sobre lo que sucede en la historia y es un método válido para obtener relatos complejos y sensibles de la intermediación lingüística infantil en nuestro caso. Los resultados del análisis de las narrativas creadas con la ayuda de esta metodología pusieron de manifiesto nuevos aspectos de la práctica de CLB en el ámbito de los servicios públicos en general y en el ámbito educativo en particular

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    While qualified interpreters are available for some languages in asylum and migration settings, there is often a lack of appropriate services and interpreters offered for speakers of languages of limited diffusion (LLDs). As LLDs are highly contextual in nature, their situation might vary greatly from country to country, not to mention from year to year. It is therefore challenging to find up-to-date information about LLDs in some countries, especially since the topic has not been prominently featured in research. This contribution will first offer a brief review of literature on training and working with interpreters for LLDs, before presenting an overview of LLD interpreter provision and training in Austria up to 2023, providing a general rundown of the situation in the country. We present some key aspects of LLDs and outline the specific language constellations in the Austrian context. Additionally, we summarize the training options for interpreters in the country, highlighting those available to LLD speakers.Si bien es posible encontrar intérpretes calificados para algunas lenguas en el área de asilo y migración, esto no siempre es el caso cuando se trata de lenguas de difusión limitada (LLDs). Sin embargo, debido a la naturaleza altamente contextual de estas lenguas, su situación es muy variable dependiendo del país e incluso el año. Adicionalmente, el tema no ha tenido gran prominencia en la investigación y, por lo tanto, es a menudo difícil encontrar información actualizada sobre la situación en algunos países. Esta contribución incluye una breve revisión bibliográfica sobre el entrenamiento y el trabajo con intérpretes de LLDs, seguida de una descripción general de la situación en Austria hasta el año 2023, incluyendo opciones de entrenamiento disponibles y los servicios ofrecidos por intérpretes de LLDs. Presentamos aspectos claves de estas lenguas y esbozamos el contexto austriaco y las constelaciones lingüísticas específicas del mismo. Adicionalmente, resumimos las opciones de entrenamiento para intérpretes en el país y resaltamos aquellas disponibles para hablantes de LLDs

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