Jurnal Online Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)
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Implementasi Kaidah al-Ijtihad la Yunqad bi al-Ijtihad dalam Penetapan Hukum Sesuai Hukum Islam
Full text linkThe development in the aspect of human life era rapid, and it greatly influences the shaping of rules that dictate human behaviour. Al-Qur'an and Hadith are the primary sources of guidance for Muslims in facing their many challenges. However, the Al-Qur'an and Hadith do not contain all detailed legal provisions. Many laws in the Qur'an and Hadith are global and universal. To overcome this problem, the scholars tried to focus on ijtihad to enforce the law using Islamic legal maxims. Islamic legal maxim is a field of science that studies the rules involved in istinbat (excavation) of a syara' law. One of the rules is al-ijtihad la yunqad bi al-ijtihad related to the study of Usul Fiqh, under the term of kulliyah aghlabiyah (majoritarian-representative) norm. Ijtihad is an essential media that plays a vital role in creating Islamic law. This rule helps in solving problems in the social, economic, political, cultural and other fields. This writing aims to provide a complete picture of Islamic legal maxims and apply it in determining the law following Islamic law and legislation in Indonesia to produce legal certainty for a problem.
Abstrak: Perkembangan zaman sangat pesat sehingga sangat mempengaruhi ketentuan-ketentuan hukum sebelumnya. Al-Qur'an dan Hadits adalah sumber utama pedoman bagi umat Islam dalam menghadapi banyak tantangan mereka. Namun, di dalam Al-Qur'an dan hadits tidak terkandung semua ketentuan-ketentuan hukum secara terperinci. Banyak hukum dalam Al-Qur'an dan Hadits bersifat global dan universal. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, para ulama berusaha untuk memfokuskan semua upaya mereka untuk ijtihad guna menegakkan hukum dengan menggunakan kaidah-kaidah fiqhiyyah. Qawa'id Fiqhiyyah adalah bidang ilmu yang mempelajari aturan-aturan yang terlibat dalam istinbat (penggalian) suatu hukum syara'. Salah satunya kaidah al-ijtihad la yunqad bi al-ijtihad adalah Dalam kajian Ushul Fiqh, terdapat norma kulliyah aghlabiyah (majoritative-representative). Ijtihad merupakan media penting yang berperan penting dalam penciptaan hukum Islam. Aturan ini membantu dalam penyelesaian masalah di bidang sosial, ekonomi, politik, budaya, dan lainnya. Dalam penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang utuh dan menaplikasian dalam penetapan hukum sesuai dengan hukum islam dan perundang-undangan di Indonesia untuk menhasilkan kepastian hukum suatu permasalahan.
Komparasi Pemikiran Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia tentang Penyelesaian Nusyuz
Full text linkbstract: Marriage is a legal bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife to form a prosperous and happy family. Not infrequently, domestic life is not always harmonious; differences of opinion cause fights and even blame each other. Each partner has rights and obligations that must be carried out according to applicable regulations. If they violate these provisions, it can be said to be nusyuz. Wahbah Zuhaili and Musdah Mulia have different opinions regarding the concept and completion of nusyuz. This study aims to discover the concept and completion of nusyuz according to Wahbah Zuhaili and Musdah Mulia. The research method used by the researcher is Library Research or literature study. The differences in opinion between Wahbah Zuhaili and Musdah Mulia focused on several aspects, one of which was the completion of nusyuz at the final stage and also the meaning of waḍribūhunna in verse An-Nisa' verse 34. In addition to differences, both of them also have similarities of opinion such as nusyuz can be done by the wife or husband.
Keywords: Musdah Mulia, Nusyuz, Wahbah Zuhaili.
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah suatu ikatan yang sah antara laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai suami istri untuk membentuk sebuah keluarga yang sejahtera dan bahagia. Tak jarang dalam kehidupan rumah tangga tidak selalu harmonis dan terjadi pertengkaran yang disebabkan perbedaan pendapat bahkan menyalahkan satu sama lain. Setiap pasangan memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku, jika melanggar ketentuan tersebut maka hal tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai nusyuz. Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia memiliki perbedaan pendapat mengenai konsep serta penyelesaian nusyuz. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep dan penyelesaian nusyuz menurut Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu Library Research atau studi pustaka. Perbedaan pendapat Wahbah Zuhaili dan Musdah Mulia terfokus pada beberapa aspek salah satunya penyelesaian nusyuz pada tahap akhir dan juga makna tentang waḍribūhunna dalam ayat An-Nisa’ ayat 34. Selain perbedaan, keduanya juga memiliki persamaan pendapat seperti nusyuz dapat dilakukan pihak istri maupun suami.
Kata Kunci: Musdah Mulia, Nusyuz, Wahbah Zuhaili
Tindak Pidana Contempt of Court Perspektif Hukum Islam
Full text linkThe court is a place to seek justice. It is a place that must be respected. However, there are still many cases of contempt of court. This is contrary to the Criminal Code and Islamic law. This study examines the contempt of court perspective of Islamic law. This research is a library and qualitative research. Data collection is carried out through literature studies derived from laws, books, and journals. The collected data is described for deductive analysis using Islamic law. The results of the study mentioned that in Indonesia there is no specific law on Contempt of court. Contempt of court is based on criminal code articles 210, 2lindung16, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 242, 222, 231, 232, 233, 317, 417, 552. In Islamic law, contempt of court is a prohibited act as described in the Qur'an and hadith. The sentence is in accordance with the form of the contempt of the court perpetrator's actions and the consequences they cause. If the terms of his sentence are not mentioned in the Qur'an and hadith, then the judge can decide based on his ijtihad called ta'zir.
Praktik Endorsement oleh Influencer Tiktok Perspektif Akad Ijarah dan Fatwa MUI Nomor 24 Tahun 2017 tentang Hukum dan Pedoman Bermuamalah melalui Media Sosial
Full text linkAbstract: This research discusses endorsement practices by TikTok influencers and how to analyze the Ijarah contract and DSN MUI Fatwa Number 24 of 2017 on endorsements by influencers in the TikTok application. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of this study show that the endorsement system carried out by "GR" on TikTok is to provide several service packages at different rates. After the endorser is sure that he agrees and fills in the endorser's format, he can send fees according to the selected package via transfer. Then, the admin will send an address for the endorser to send the item to be endorsed. After that, the endorsement process will be executed. However, the focus of the problem is the need for certainty regarding the estimated upload video endorsement after payment has been made. This is inconsistent with the point that benefits must be explicitly known and clearly to avoid disputes. The endorsement system carried out can be said to follow the provisions of Islamic law in general regarding the pillars of ijarah, but not with the specific terms of ijarah. Meanwhile, according to the general guidelines and guidelines for creating content/information in the DSN MUI Fatwa Number 24 of 2017 concerning Law and Guidelines for Muamalah through Social Media, the practice of endorsement carried out by "GR" influencers so far is considered to be less following the provisions in point " produce and/or disseminate content/information with the aim of justifying what is wrong or blaming the right, building opinions so that they appear to be successful and successful, and the aim is to hide the truth and deceive the public" in the fatwa.
Keywords: endorsment, TikTok, ijarah, fatwa DSN
Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang praktik endorsement yang dilakukan oleh influencer tiktok, serta bagaimana analisis akad Ijarah dan Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 24 Tahun 2017 terhadap endorsement oleh influencer di aplikasi tiktok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, sistem endorsement yang dilakukan oleh “GR” di tiktok adalah menyediakan beberapa paket jasa dengan tarif yang berbeda-beda. Setelah endorser yakin sepakat dan mengisi format endorser, dapat mengirimkan biaya sesuai paket yang dipilih melalui transfer. Kemudian, admin akan mengirimkan alamat untuk pihak endorser mengirimkan barang yang akan di-endorse. Setelah itu, proses endorsement akan dijalankan. Namun, yang menjadi fokus permasalahan adalah tidak adanya kepastian terkait estimasi upload video endorsement setelah pembayaran dilakukan. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan poin bahwa manfaat harus diketahui secara spesifik dan jelas untuk mengindari sengketa. Sistem endorsement yang dilakukan, dapat dikatakan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum Islam secara umum terkait rukun ijarah, namun tidak dengan syarat ijarah secara spesifik. Sedangkan, menurut pedoman umum dan pedoman pembuatan konten/informasi dalam Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 24 Tahun 2017 Tentang Hukum dan Pedoman Bermuamalah melalui Media Sosial, praktik endorsement yang dilakukan oleh influencer “GR” selama ini, dinilai kurang sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam poin “memproduksi dan/atau menyebarkan konten/informasi yang bertujuan untuk membenarkan yang salah atau menyalahkan yang benar, membangun opini agar seolah-olah berhasil dan sukses, dan tujuan menyembunyikan kebenaran serta menipu khalayak” dalam fatwa tersebut.
Kata Kunci: endorsment, TikTok, ijarah, fatwa DS
THE VALIDITY OF FINES IMPOSED AS A SANCTION BY REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS TO CONTROL COMPLIANCE WITH COVID-19 HEALTH GUIDELINES
Full text linkAs an effort to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, the Government issued Presidential Instruction Number 6 of 2020 concerning Increasing Discipline and Law Enforcement of health Protocols in the Prevention and Control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). In Presidential Instruction 6/2020 Regioal Heads are instructed to make Regional Head Regulations (Perkada) which contain sanctions for violation of obligations contained in the health protocol. Reffering to Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Fomation of Legislation, Regional Head Regulations are not included in the hierarchy of statutory regulations. So this study discusses the validity of administrative sanctions in the form of fines contained in the Regional Head Regulation.
Keywords: Administrative Fines, Regional Head Regulations, Covid-19
PHILOSOPHY OF TASHRĪ‘ REVIEW ON INTERNALIZATION MAJA LABO DAHU IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE SULTANATE OF BIMA
Full text linkMaja Labo Dahu's philosophy represents the Bima community's local values that have been internalized into Islamic law. This research aims to find answers to the issues examined, namely the existence of Islamic law in the Sultanate of Bima. The primary focus lies in the analysis of the implementation of Islamic law during the Sultanate of Bima and the internalization of the philosophy of Maja Labo Dahu within the Sultanate of Bima. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, which explores written documents and information from Bima community figures who know the implementation of Islamic law in the Sultanate of Bima as a result of the internalization between the philosophy of Maja Labo Dahu and the fiqh tashrī' in Islam. The data used in this research were obtained through observation, cross-checking interviews, and literature study. The findings of this research reveal that Islamic law has existed in the Sultanate of Bima since Islam was accepted as the official religion, based on the legitimacy of the theory of shahada, which explains the application of Islamic law coinciding with the Bima community's embrace of Islam. However, formally and juridically, Islamic law was declared applicable throughout the Sultanate of Bima after the establishment of three legal institutions, namely Sara Tua, Sara Sara, and Sara hukum, which were responsible for coordinating the implementation of laws such as flogging, stoning, retribution, and discretionary punishment. The philosophy of Maja Labo Dahu has been internalized into the Islamic law of the Kingdom of Bima, causing the Bima community to feel fear and shame in committing legal violations.
Keywords: Tashrī’ philosophy, Maja Labo Dahu, Family Law, Sultanate of Bima
Komparasi Jinayat dengan Hukum Pidana Nasional dalam Penjatuhan Sanksi terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana
No full textAbstract: Islamic law was accepted and developed in Indonesian society long before the arrival of western law by foreign invaders who controlled Indonesia. Most Indonesian Muslim people place Islamic law into the Indonesian legal system, which consists of Western criminal law, customary law, and Islamic legal systems. This article analyses the comparison between Islamic criminal law and Indonesian criminal law in determining sanctions providing a deterrent effect for criminals. Based on empirical legal research methods, it is found that there are similarities between Islamic criminal law and Indonesian criminal law in the form of purposes and principles. The crime conditions in Islamic criminal law are also the same as the offence contained in the national criminal code. The differences between the two laws are in the sources of law, the sanctions attached to each different offence, and the historical evolution that shape the criminal law. This research intends not to compare which crime is better but to find the ideal of criminal law for its betterment in human life
Tindak Pidana Prostitusi Online dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
Full text linkAbstract: The extent of the reach of the internet that can be accessed, it is not uncommon for people to take advantage of this to carry out negative actions, one of which is online prostitution. This paper is based on the rampant prostitution activities in cyberspace lately. The existence of covid and the implementation of activity restrictions can be the cause of some people being laid off from their jobs so they want to make money in an easy and instant way. Prostitution is a negative thing, therefore there are regulations regarding prostitution both in positive law and Islamic law. This research method uses a qualitative approach by reviewing previous research so that data can be reprocessed for deeper understanding. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that, in positive law and Islamic law there are discussions about online prostitution, and there are sanctions against perpetrators of prostitution activities. Positive law has been regulated in several articles of the law, one of which is Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions which regulates the prohibition of distributing and/or transmitting and/or making accessible Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents containing which violates decency. In addition, Islamic law also regulates the punishment for online prostitution as stated in the Al-Quran Surah An-Nur verse 2 which contains provisions regarding the prohibition of adultery and the sanction is a punishment of 100 lashes of lashes.
Keywords: Online Prostitution, Positive Law, Islamic La
Analisis Penetapan Surat Dakwaan Terhadap Suatu Tindak Pidana
Full text linkAbstract:An indictment in court is comparable to a diamond that the public prosecutor must zealously keep and defend. The indictment serves as both a foundation for the judge to conduct an examination during court proceedings and a basis for the judges’ consideration when they deliberate to reach a conclusion. While simultaneously restricting the scope of the examination, the indictment plays a crucial role in the Court’s consideration of criminal matters. So that the ability, skill and foresight of the Public Prosecutor are required in preparing the indictment so that the articles of the Criminal Code which will later be imposed on the defendant are right on target, so that the accused can sentenced according to the crime committed. Errors in drafting the indictment will result in a case that can be acquitted or released from all lawsuits or null and void, and will cause various obstacles in efforts to prove the indictment. This time the author examines the material regarding the indictment using the literary method, where in the drafting process it is based on literature, both with books, articles, journals, and reports on the results of previous research.
Keyword: Indictment, Court, criminal
Telaah Kritis terhadap Pemikiran al-Juwayni tentang Wahdaniyyah dan Risalah
Full text linkWahdaniyyah and prophethood are two things that must be believed to be valid until the end of time for every human being. These two things will continue to exist in the minds of humans and will not be erased. As for the Shari'a, it is different from the prior in that there will come a time when people will forget about it. When this period comes, humans will not be remorseful about departing from the Shari'a unless they leave these two things. This is the thought of Imam al-Haramain al-Juwayni, a scholar from the Shafiʻiy school, written in one of his books: Ghiyath al-Umam fi iltiyath al-Zulam. This thought is in line with a hadith which states that knowledge will be uprooted from the earth's surface with the scholars' death. The meaning of wahdaniyyah is a form of acknowledgment of the Almighty God. At the same time, prophethood is the sending of messengers by God Almighty to give instructions to humans about His authority.
Abstrak: Wahdaniyyah dan risalah merupakan dua hal yang mutlak untuk diyakini kebenarannya sampai akhir zaman bagi setiap manusia. Kedua hal ini akan terus ada di benak manusia dan tidak akan terhapus selamanya. Adapun syariat yang lain berbeda dengan kedua hal tersebut, yang mana akan datang suatu masa manusia akan lupa terhadapnya. Dan jika masa ini datang, manusia tidak bedosa dengan sebab meninggalkan syariat, kecuali jika mereka meninggalkan dua hal tersebut. Inilah pemikiran dari Imam al-Haramain al-Juwayni, seorang ulama dari madhhab Shafiʻiy, yang dituliskan dalam salah satu bukunya: Ghiyath al-Umam fi iltiyath al-Zulam. Pemikiran ini selaras dengan sebuah hadits yang menyatakan bahwa ilmu akan dicabut dari muka bumi dengan meninggalnya para ulama. Maksud dari wahdaniyyah adalah bentuk pengesaan kepada Rabb Yang Maha Esa. Sedangkan risalah adalah pengutusan rasul oleh Tuhan Yang Maha Esa untuk memberi petunjuk kepada manusia tentang pengesaan.