Jurnal Online Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)
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Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Perda Pengelolaan Zakat di Kota Mojokerto dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Get PDFAbstract: Currently, local regulations on zakat (Islamic obligatory charity) management has been set up in many regions in Indonesia. InMojokerto and Sidoarjo regency, such local regulations are expected to be effective for improving the welfare of the society.This local zakat management that has the role to collect and distribute zakat is called BAZ (BadanAmil Zakat). It seems that the zakat management in Mojokerto and Sidoarjo is more effective under the present of such a local regulation. It can be seen from the increase number of the charity payers, the increase of BAZ’s charity programs, and the operation costs charged to APBD (Regional Government Budget).If it is analyzed by the effectiveness legal theory, it can be concluded that the observance of a rule of law (the perda or local regulation on the charity management) in Mojokerto and Sidoarjo regency is a kind of the internalizational obedience. It is because such observance of a rule of law is in accordance with the intrinsic values adopted. In addition, such local regulations are obeyed because giving charity is one of the fundamental Islamic teachings. The values embodied in charity in Islam have a very clear purpose, benefit, and punishment in the world and in the hereafter. These Islamic values contribute dearly to the success of the application of this local regulation on the charity management.
Keywords: Charity management, local regulation, effectiveness, and BAZ.
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Abstrak: Saat ini zakat telah diatur dalam bentuk suatu Peraturan Daerah seperti Peraturan Daerah tentang Pengelolaan Zakat di Kota Mojokerto dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Dengan adanya Perda tersebut, diharapkan efektif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya di Kota Mojokerto dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Perkembangan pengelolaan zakat pada BAZ di Kota Mojokerto dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan adanya Perda tentang pengelolaan zakat menjadi lebih efektif. Hal itu bisa dilihat dari bertambahnya jumlah mudhakki, peningkatan perolehan dana zakat serta biaya operasional BAZ yang dibebankan kepada APBD. Apabila dianalisis dengan teori efektivitas hukum, maka bisa diambil kesimpulan bahwa ketaatan terhadap suatu aturan hukum (dalam hal ini adalah Perda tentang Pengelolaan zakat) di Kota Mojokerto dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo bersifat ketaatan internalization, yakni suatu peraturan ditaati karena merasa aturan itu sesuai dengan nilai-nilai intrinsik yang dianut. Perda tentang pengelolaan zakat ditaati karena menunaikan zakat merupakan ajaran Islam. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam ajaran Islam mengenai zakat sangat jelas baik tujuan, manfaat serta sanksi baik di dunia maupun di akhirat. Nilai-nilai inilah yang menjadi dasar dalam menaati Perda tentang Pengelolaan Zakat yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam.
 
Sabab Al-Nuzul dan Asas Berlaku Surut dalam Hukum Pidana
Get PDFAbstract: Al-Qur’an is revealed by Allah as a guidance for mankind. Most of its verses were revealed without circumstantial events on which the verses were revealed. Meanwhile, there are also some of its verses which were revealed to answer or respond particular events or questions that can be easily understood from their historicity especially those which related to Islamic law. This particular events or questions are called sabab al-nuzul (context of revelation) in the study of Qurán. This research shows that there are many advantages of the context of the revelation associated with the legal verses. The wisdom and secret of the verses become the basis of the law promulgation to reach a public interest. As for the impact of the context of the revelation is that the derived law will be enforced since the legal event happened, and not since it was revealed. This rule is based on the principle of “the derivation of Islamic constitution is understood from the particular context of the revelation and not based on the general meaning of the wordâ€, particularlyassociated with the criminal act which violatespublic or general interest. Thus, it is clear that the principle of legality is not always enforced in the Islamic criminal law. Under a certain condition, it may be applied retroactively if the criminal actdisturbs public interest. So that, this research will focus on the legal consequences of verses of al-Qur’an which have the historical background and those which do not.
Keywords: Reason of the revelation, certain historical background, retroactive, and muharabah
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Abstrak: Al-Qur’an diturunkan ada yang tidak melalui sebab dan ini lebih banyak daripada yang melalui sebab dan ia merupakan wahyu yang menjadi petunjuk Allah bagi umat manusia (hudan li al-nas). Sementara itu, ada juga yang melalui sabab al-nuzul, karena adanya fatrat min al-rasul (kekosongan umat manusia dari keberadaan Nabi dan Rasul) dan mengandung beberapa hikmah yang dalam, terutama terkait dengan pemahaman ayat-ayat hukum dalam al-Qur’an. Melalui tulisan ini, ditemukan bahwa banyak manfaat sabab al-nuzul terkait dengan ayat hukum, di antaranya dapat diketahui hikmah dan rahasia diundangkannya suatu hukum dan perhatian shara’ terhadap kepentingan umum. Dampak sabab al-nuzul dengan penerapan asas berlaku surut (athar raj’i), yaitu hukum yang diturunkan akan diberlakukan sejak peristiwa hukum (tindak pidana) itu terjadi, bukan sejak al-Qur’an diturunkan, menurut kaidah sabab al-nuzul, al-‘ibrah bi khusus al-sabab, bukan al-‘ibrah bi ‘umum al-lafz, terkait dengan tindak pidana yang mengganggu masyarakat atau kepentingan umum. Sehingga, menjadi jelas bahwa asas legalitas tidak selamanya diberlakukan dalam hukum pidana Islam maupun positif. Dalam kondisi tertentu dapat diberlakukan surut jika tindak pidana mengganggu kepentingan umum dan menguntungkan pelaku pidana jika terjadi perubahan peraturan dengan menganalogkan kepada peristiwa terdahulu melalui pendekatan sabab al-nuzul, bahkan dalam hukum pidana Islam lebih luas penerapan asas berlaku surut.
 
Sanksi Riddah Perspektif Maqasid Al-Shari’ah
No full textAbstract: Riddah (apostasy), in the classical literatures of Islamic Jurisprudence, is categorized as a jarimah al-hudud (criminal act) with death penalty as the punishment. The fundamental issue is that the threat of the death penalty is only based on a single prophetic tradition, while it should be determined by the absolute and valid texts. It means that the death penalty is rooted to an absolute legal argumentation (qat’i al-dalalah), while, there is none of the verses of al-Qur’an which discusses about punishment for the perpetrator of apostasy. Otherwise, al-Qur’an absolutely guaranteesthe freedom of religion and belief. This research uses maqasid al-shari’ah (purposes of Islamic law)as an approach to see the purpose, spirit, and essential valueof the text to be a foundation and method in Islamic legal reasoning. The results of the research are: first, adopting what has been stipulated in al-Qur’an textually and formally without appreciating its purpose and wisdom is not wise; second, apostasy, which is a kind of a private matter between a servant and his God, should not be categorized as a jarimah al-hudud but as a jarimah ta’zir (undefined crime). In certain condition, however, apostasy could be charged by a maximum penalty (death penalty) if it is accompanied by other crimes and is worthyto be sentenced based on a judge’s argumentation.
Keywords: Apostasy, sanctions, maqasid al-shari’ah
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Abstrak: Riddah dalam literatur fiqih klasik dikategorikan sebagai jarimah hudud, dan diancam dengan hukuman mati. Persoalan yang mendasar adalah ancaman hukuman mati tersebut hanya berdasarkan hadis ahad, padahal hudud dikonsepsikan sebagai jarimah dan hukuman yang telah ditentukan secara pasti oleh nass. Berarti hudud meniscayakan dalil yang qat’i al-dalalah, sedangkan dalam al-Qur’an tidak ada satu ayat pun yang membahas hukuman duniawi untuk pelaku riddah, sebaliknya al-Qur’an justru memberikan jaminan kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan secara mutlak. Maqasid al-shari’ah dipilih sebagai pendekatan untuk melihat bagaimana tujuan, ruh, dan nilai-nilai esensial shari’at dijadikan landasan dan patokan utama dalam penentuan hukum Islam. Dengan pendekatan maqasid al-shari’ah, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa bukanlah sikap yang bijak ketika mengadopsi apa yang ditetapkan dalam nass secara literal dan formal legalistik tanpa mengapresiasi tujuan serta hikmah terdalam dari hukum tersebut. Riddah yang merupakan persoalan pribadi antara hamba dengan Tuhan-Nya, tidak selayaknya dikategorikan sebagai jarimah hudud. Namun sebagai jarimah ta’zir, riddah bisa dikenakan hukuman maksimal (mati) jika disertai dengan kejahatan lain yang menurut hakim harus dijatuhi hukuman tersebut
Konsep Keadilan dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Islam
Get PDFAbstract: This article discusses about the concept of justice in the perspective of the philosophy of Islamic law. Philosophically, there are two formulations of justice: first, the view that what is meant by justice is a harmony between the use of right and obligation are in line with the implementation of the proposition of the balance of law or the dose of right and obligation; second, the view of the lawyers who formulate that justice is a harmony between legal certainty and proportionality of law. Justice, in Islamic law, is derived from the Most Just. It is because Allah SWT is the upholder of justice, then He must be believed not to apply unjust to His servants. The concept of justice, based on al-Shatibis maqasid al-shariah theory, is determined by the benefits which are divided into three, namely daruriyyat (necessities), hajiyyat (needs), and tahsiniyyat (luxuries). This indicates that Islam is concerned with the issue of justice. The conception of justice will continue to evolve in line with the social development. Construction of law and justice in Islam cannot be separated from morality and transcendental beliefs since these aspects are intertwined.
Keywords: Justice, philosophy, law, Islam
Penetapan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Perspektif Fikih Siyâsah
Get PDFAbstract: This article discusses about the Islamic political jurisprudence perspective against the determination of the Governor and Deputy Governor of Yogyakarta. Law No. 13 year 2012 on specialty of Yogyakarta as a Special Region provides a constitutional basis in establishing that the Governor and Deputy Governor of Yogyakarta was enthroned as Sultan and to the Deputy Governor as Adipati Paku Alam. However, in the case of succession of the Governor of Yogyakarta, there is an exception because it is basically a privilage of DIY that has been existing since Indonesia had not gotten its independent yet and it is also guaranteed by the constitution. The direct determination of Sultan and Paku Alam is intended to award to the diversity of customs and cultures among the people of different regions. It is so because the determination of the Governor and Deputy Governor of Yogyakarta should directly be addressed wisely by all circles
METODE ISTINBATH HAZAIRIN TENTANG HUKUM WARIS
No full textAbstract: This study focuses to answer the two fundamental questions. First, how is the legal reasoning method used by Hazarin in classifying heirs? and how is the contribution of Hazarin in the Islamic law renewal in Indonesia? This study uses a legal reasoning approach of Islamic law. Through this approach, it can be seen the methodology of legal reasoning used by Hazairin. The study concludes that the legal reasoning method which is used by Hazarin in classifying heirs: first, there is a tendency to use the principles of the legal maxim. They are the bayani and ta’lili method; second, the contributionn of Hazairin’s methodology of the legal reasoning in grouping heirs to the Islamic law is his attempt to uplift the grandson from the lineage of women as heirs who are entitled to participate in the division of inheritance through the institution of substitute heirs. It is according to some Muslim scholars is called zawu al-arham and they do not distinguish about the shape brother.Abstrak: Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan mendasar. Pertama, bagaimana metode penalaran hukum yang digunakan oleh Hazarin dalam mengklasifikasikan ahli waris? dan bagaimana kontribusi Hazarin dalam pembaruan hukum Islam di Indonesia? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pertimbangan hukum dari hukum Islam. Melalui pendekatan ini, dapat dilihat metodologi penalaran hukum yang digunakan oleh Hazairin. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode penalaran hukum yang digunakan oleh Hazarin dalam mengklasifikasikan ahli waris: pertama, ada kecenderungan untuk menggunakan prinsip-prinsip ushul fiqh. Ada penggunaan metode bayani dan metode ta'lili; kedua, kontribusi Hazairin dalam metodologi penalaran hukum, yaitu pengelompokan ahli waris dalam hukum Islam dengan upaya untuk mengangkat cucu dari garis keturunan perempuan sebagai ahli waris yang berhak untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembagian waris melalui lembaga ahli waris pengganti. Hal ini menurut sebagian ulama disebut sebagai zawu al-arham dan mereka tidak membedakan antara jenis saudar
Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Terhadap Penerapan Prinsip Strict Liability Dalam Kasus Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup
Get PDFAbstraks: Dalam konsep hukum pidana, pertanggungjawaban pidana dimaksudkan untuk menentukan apakah seseorang tersangka/terdakwa dipertanggungjawabkan atas suatu tindak pidana yang terjadi atau tidak. Jika ia dipidana, bahwa tindakan yang dilakukan itu bersifat melawan hukum dan terdakwa mampu bertanggungjawab. Namun dalam UU RI No. 32 Tahun 2009 mengatur tentang pertanggungjawaban korporasi terhadap prinsip strict liability. Prinsip strict liability merupakan pertanggungjawaban tanpa atas dasar kesalahan, cukup fakta yang berbicara. Dengan kata lain, korporasi harus mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya ketika kerugian itu ada, walaupun kasus tesebut belum diperkarakan di pengadilan. Sejalan dengan UU RI No 32Tahun 2009, hukum pidana Islam juga mengakui pertanggungjawaban korporasi yang diwakilkan oleh pengurusnya. Asas tersalah dalam Islam menjelaskan bahwa walaupun secara pidana pelaku pidana tidak dibebani pertanggungjawaban, namun beban ganti kerugian tetap ditanggung pelaku.Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban, korporasi, strict liability, hukum pidana Isla
Kontruksi Filosofis Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Minoritas Keagamaan dalam Konstitusi Indonesia
Get PDFAbstract: This article focuses on presenting problem of religious minority right in Indonesia. Based on its constitution, Indonesia has equal protection for all citizens. There are some basic religion right clearly protected and presented in constitutional and criminal law. Unfortunately, violation of minority rights still continues in Indonesian life. According to research data, there are a big gap perception between government and the people. Government choose to float the norms of religious minority right protection in abstract level and most of religious minority group asked more detail and concrete norm.
Keywords: Religious minority protection, human rights, religious minority
Politik Kebangsaan Nahdlatul Ulama Perspektif Pemikiran KH. Abdul Muchith Muzadi
Get PDFAbstract: This article discusses the KH. Abdul Muchith Muzadis point of view on Nahdlatul Ulama and the national political of NU. NU as a religious organizations based on the theory of Ahl wal Jama'ah, having tenets include: tawassut (moderate), tawazun, tasamuh, and commanding the good and forbidding the evil; which has always been the political basis of nationality NU in Indonesian politics. In KH. Abdul Muchith Muzadis idea, nationality politics is defined as our responsibility in maintaining the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) is universally from groups separastisme that lead to disunity, disintegration and destruction, in the commitments, namely Pancasila. So, national politics of NU in the perspective of KH Muchith Muzadi is the appreciation of the national consensus and the embodiment of devotion NU in upholding the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) as something that was final.
Keywords: Politics, nationality, NU, and Abdul Muchith Muzad
Pencalonan Mantan Narapidana sebagai Anggota Legislatif Perspektif Fikih Siyasah
Get PDFAbstract: This article focuses on the Islamic political jurisprudence perspective against the decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 4/PUU-VII/2009 on the nomination of an ex of a prisoner as a legislator. MKs decision allows the ex of a prisoner to become a legislator, DPD, and local leader with certain conditions. The basic of the consideration is that the Constitutional Court has the authority to examine, hear, and decide the decision No. 4/PUU-VII/2009. In addition, the applicant also has no legal status in this respect (legal standing) and consideration of the principal arguments of the applicants request. MKs decision No. 4/PUU-VII/2009 has juridical implication on article 12 letter g and article 50 paragraph (1) letter g of Law No. 10/2008 and article 58 letter f of Law No. 12/2008 as well as the political implications on the opportunities for the ex of a prisoner to hold a public office. Based on the Islamic political jurisprudence perspective, MKs decision No. 4/PUU-VII/2009, which permitted the ex of a prisoner as a legislator, DPD and local leader with certain conditions, is in line with the concept of constitutional politics that includes the rights of the people. It is because the ex of a prisoner is also a member of the community whose rights should be protected if he or she repents.
Keywords: Nominations, prisoner, members of the legislature