Jurnal Online Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)
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The Early Marriage in Kaliboto Kidul on Maqasid Sharia Perspective
Full text linkThe practice of early marriage breeds many problems. This case also quite a lot happened in Kaliboto Kidul, Lumajang. This study traces why the phenomenon occurs. The article also looks at the practice with the perspective of maqashid sharia. Therefore, the important debate is whether the practice of early marriage is entirely problematic or on the other hand has benefits. This paper is packed with an interdisciplinary approach; normative, sociological, and philosophical. This article found that the main reason for the practice of early marriage is because of pregnancy out of wedlock, among other reasons. For this reason, in the perspective of Maqasid Shari'ah, the practice of early marriage can be the best choice to protect women and children (hifz an-nafs and an-nasl), although it still gives birth to new effects, namely during childbirth. However, the danger is still assessed at a lower level of dharuri than allowing the child to be trapped in adultery. Therefore, this article confirms that in the normative, sociological, and philosophical context the practice of early marriage does not fully present harm, but it becomes an option to protect other potential harms
Fresh Ijtihad sebagai Upaya dalam Meretas Tertutupnya Pintu Ijtihad: Studi Perkembangan Hukum Islam pada Masa Kontemporer
Full text linkThis paper aims to describe the development of Islamic law and fresh ijtihad as an effort to break open the closed door of ijtihad. The focus of this research is how is the development of Islamic law regarding the closing of the door to ijtihad and how is the paradigm of fresh ijtihad? This type of research is library research on Islamic fiqh books, articles, and journals. The results of the study show that the closing of the door to ijtihad has implications for the development of Islamic law, namely the development of fiqh after the door to ijtihad is closed. The implication of closing the door of ijtihad is the main reason for the weakness of creativity in ijtihad, not only because of the spread of the spirit of piety, but also because of the decline of civilization in Islam. Systematic and epistemic fresh ijtihad thinking is needed, so as not to get trapped in the dogmatism of certain fiqh schools.
For the Sake of Protecting Physcal Needs: Maqasid Sharia Perspective Toward Judges Consideration on Child Custody
Full text linkIn Islamic law, for a child who has not been mumayyiz, their custody falls in the hands of the mother. If the child has been mumayyiz, then the child is given the right to choose and determine who has the right to care for him. However, the judge of Panyabungan Religious Court decides the custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz to the father. This study aims to analyze the judge’s considerations in determining the custody of a child who has not been mumayyiz to the father. Using a normative and philosophical approach by using Maqasid Sharia theory, this study employs a qualitative methodology to examine the judge’s consideration. As for the results of this study, firstly, in consideration of the judge stipulating the custody of the child who has not been mumayyiz to the father is to maintain the child’s physical growth. Second, the author believes that a judge who determines to whom child custody is granted should prioritize the existence of religion over the existence of the soul. It means that child custody is given priority to one of the parents with better religion, behavior, and association than prioritizing the child's physical needs
Tracing the Equity on Islamic Heirs: The Reach of Inheritance of Substitute Heirs on the Compilation of Islamic Law
Full text linkThe institutionalization of substitute heirs in Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is a breakthrough based on the principles of justice and humanity for heirs who are left behind, but this regulation is considered vague, has multiple interpretations, and can even disrupt the basic principles of Islamic inheritance. The existence of regulations on substitute heirs is very influential in the distribution of inherited assets, as parties who were not entitled to inheritance become entitled to it. This is a normative study with statutory, conceptual, and political approaches. The results of the study indicate that the policy of forming a substitute heir law in terms of updating and developing Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is inseparable from the situation and condition of legal requirements, which are more or less influenced by the values that live in society and the continuous developments in society itself, especially in aspects of justice. However, the regulation needs to be revised or corrected in the content of the article so that it is right on target and does not have multiple interpretations within its reach, so that it is in line with the objectives of the law, namely justice, benefit, and legal certainty
Praktik Sewa Perlengkapan Pernikahan di Wedding Organizer "Mutiara Cinta" Surabaya Perspektif Ijarah
No full textAbstract: This research aims to answer problems regarding the practice of renting wedding equipment at Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer Benowo Krajan Surabaya, as well as Ijarah analysis of this practice. This research is classified as field research conducted in Benowo Krajan Village, Surabaya. Research data was collected using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The research results concluded that the rental practice carried out by Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer can be done online or offline by determining the type of wedding equipment you want to rent and accompanied by a rental price agreed upon by both parties. In practice, obstacles in the field must be addressed, such as incomplete rental objects, inappropriate or defective decorations size and shape, and delayed payment deadlines. Second, renting wedding equipment at Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer has fulfilled the pillars and requirements of the ijarah contract, so the rental practice carried out is legal and follows Islamic law. Even though there are several obstacles in the rental course, both parties have mutually agreed and are willing to change and postpone the payment of wages according to the agreement. Thus, renting wedding equipment at Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer Benowo Krajan Surabaya is by and in line with Islamic law.
Keywords: Rental Practice, ijarah, Wedding Organizer
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab permasalahan mengenai praktik sewa-menyewa perlengkapan pernikahan di Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer Benowo Krajan Surabaya serta analisis Ijarah tentang praktik tersebut. Penelitian ini tergolong pada jenis penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan di Desa Benowo Krajan, Surabaya. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pertama, praktik sewa-menyewa yang dilakukan Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer dapat dilakukan baik secara online atau offline dengan menentukan jenis perlengkapan pernikahan yang ingin disewa dan disertai dengan harga sewa yang disepakati kedua belah pihak. Dalam praktiknya, kendala dilapangan tidak dapat terlewatkan, seperti objek sewa yang kurang lengkap, ukuran dan wujud dekorasi yang tidak sesuai atau cacat dan batas waktu pembayaran yang ditunda-tunda. Kedua, praktik sewa-menyewa perlengkapan pernikahan di Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat dari akad ijarah, sehingga praktik sewa-menyewa yang dilakukan sudah sah dan sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Meskipun terdapat beberapa kendala dalam praktik sewa yang dilakukan, namun kedua belah pihak telah sama-sama sepakat dan rela untuk mengganti dan menunda waktu pembayaran upah sesuai dengan kesepakatan. Sehingga, praktik sewa-menyewa perlengkapan pernikahan di Mutiara Cinta Wedding Organizer Benowo Krajan Surabaya sesuai dan sejalan dengan hukum Islam.
Kata Kunci: Praktik Sewa, Ijarah, Wedding Organize
Transaksi Pembayaran Melalui Cryptocurrency Dalam Perspektif Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Mui) dan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Full text linkUang sebagai alat tukar didalam kegiatan ekonomi telah mengalami banyak perubahan. Keberadaan uang yang semula terbuat dari hal-hal sederhana telah sampai kepada saat ini dimana uang hanya berupa kode digital didalam dunia virtual. Bitcoin sebagai cryptocurrency merupakan jenis uang revolusioner yang mempunyai nilai tukar yang tinggi. Keberadaan cryptocurrency sampai saat ini masih diperdebatkan penggunaannya di dunia baik dari segi kebijakan ekonomi keuangan ataupun segi syariat Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dengan mengkaji dokumen-dokumen yang ada dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikelola menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data bahan sekunder dan bahan tersier. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa cryptocurrency adalah mata uang digital yang terlepas dari otoritas pemerintah pusat. Fungsi cryptocurrency dapat berjalan dengan ditopang oleh sistem ledger Blockchain yang berbasis peer to peer oleh para miners yang mampu menyelesaikan masalah besar dalam keuangan digital yaitu double spending problem dan byzantine general problem. cryptocurrency yang memiliki proteksi serta privasi yang tinggi, mengakibatkannya banyak disalahgunakan untuk kegiatan ilegal. Indonesia demi menjaga kedaulatan Pancasila melarang penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat tukar, tetapi mengakuinya sebagai aset kripto yang dapat diperjualbelikan sebagai komoditi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hukum transaksi pembayaran cryptocurrency dalam prespektif Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Nahdlatul Ulama, menjelaskan Dasar Hukum Transaksi Pembayaran Melalui Cryptocurrency, cara transaksi pembayaran melalui cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency dalam perspektif hukum islam, menjelaskan jual beli mata uang kriptografi sebagai komoditi aset digital dan perbedaannya dengan jual beli komoditi syariah di Indonesia, menjelaskan pandangan fiqh mengenai jual beli mata uang kriptografi sebagai komoditi aset digital. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kerangka berpikir bahwa sebagai bentuk pengamalan teori seorang muslim, harus melaksanakan hukum Islam sebagai konsekuensi logis dari pengakuannya. Pemahaman yang jelas tentang kehalalan penggunaan cryptocurrency baik sebagai mata uang, maupun sebagai komoditi sangat dibutuhkan sebagai penunjuk arah bagi seorang muslim. Aset kripto ditemukan mempunyai karakteristik layaknya komoditi nyata pada umumnya sehingga boleh diperjualbelikan untuk investasi selama menjauhi kegiatan spekulatif tidak mengandung gharar, dharar dan tidak bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang nomor 7 tahun 2011 dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia nomor 17 tahun 2015. serta memenuhi kaidah-kaidah syara yang dalam hal ini ditentukan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Nahdlatul Ulama.
Kata kunci: Cryptocurrency, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Nahdhatul Ulama, pembayaran
FAKTOR TERJADINYA KEHAMILAN SEBELUM MENIKAH DI WILAYAH KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA TEGALSARI SURABAYA
Full text linkAbstract: This article discusses factors of pregnancy outside of wedlock in Tegalsari, Surabaya. The factors are adultery and rape. For Muslims in Indonesia, the commitment to religion remains strong, including in observing the prohibition of pre-marital sexual intercourse which is considered major sin in Islam. However, in big cities like Surabaya such commitment is diminishing, especially among Muslim youths. In Tegalsari district, the main factor for the occurrence of pregnancy outside wedlock is this lack of religious commitment. In addition, the urban environment such as loose parental supervision and technological advancement also contributes to the frequent occurrence of pregnancy outside of wedlock. In responding to this deteriorating situation, KUA (the office of religious affairs) which is in charge of marriage registration for Muslims, urges parents to supervise their children in their social lives and to make sure good education, especially religious education. In relation to legal aspect of marriage of pregnant women, the KUA officers referred to the four Islamic jurisprudence schools, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’I, and Hanbali who state that the marriage is valid and they become husband and wife. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang faktor terjadinya kehamilan sebelum menikah di wilayah KUA Tegalsari Surabaya. Faktor-faktor terjadinya kehamilan di luar nikah di wilayah KUA Kecamatan Tegalsari Surabaya antara lain: seks pra nikah (zina) dan perkosaan (karena paksaan). Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi penyebab terjadinya kehamilan di luar nikah adalah: Faktor individual yaitu Lemahnya mental spiritual sebesar 40% dan faktor lingkungan sebesar 60% antara lain: orang tua dan perkembangan IPTEK yang berdampak negatif. Prosentase yang menunjukkan faktor utama dalam mempengaruhi penyebab terjadinya kehamilan sebelum menikah di Wilayah KUA Tegalsari Surabaya adalah faktor lingkungan. Pengaruh lingkungan adalah faktor utama yang menyebabkan timbulnya penyimpangan seksual, sehingga mengakibatkan kehamilan sebelum menikah. Adapun, usaha dari pejabat KUA untuk menanggulangi atau mewaspadai terjadinya kehamilan sebelum menikah adalah memberi pengetahuan orangtua untuk mengawasi anak-anaknya dalam bergaul, dan juga memberikan pendidikan agama sejak dini sehingga anak-anak bisa membawa diri ke pergaulan yang lebih baik dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh orang lain. Mengenai praktek di KUA Kecamatan Tegalsari Surabaya tentang kawin hamil, mengacu pada keempat mazhab (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i dan Hambali) yang mana mereka berpendapat, bahwa perkawinan keduanya sah dan boleh bercampur sebagai suami isteri dengan ketentuan, bila si pria itu yang menghamilinya dan kemudian baru ia mengawininya
The Marital Rape Based on Contemporary Islamic Criminal Law
Full text linkThis research focuses on the relevance of the marital rape criminal sanction contained in Regulation Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence with Criminal Sanctions in Fiqh Jinayah. This research is library research using the method of comparative legal interpretation (comparative). The type of research used is qualitative research. The legal materials used are primary legal materials in the form of classic and contemporary books as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books related to marital rape, as well as legal science journals. The data collection technique in this study is documentation. The data analysis used in this study uses Abdul Qadir 'Audah's'' analysis of thought. In this study, two conclusions were obtained, namely, that, according to Islamic law, marital rape is not in accordance with the teachings of Islamic law because Islam has taught procedures and behaviors in husband-wife relations that must be muasyarah bil ma'ruf by not hurting each other. Second, when viewed from the perspective of Abdul Qadir Audah's fiqh jinayah, the sanctions contained in the PKDRT Law have relevance to criminal sanctions in Islamic law
Bimbingan Pra Nikah Secara Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Tinjauan Maqashid Al-Shari’ah
Full text linkAt the end of 2019, the world is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic, which spreads very quickly. The government made Various policies, such as the PSBB policy, study from home, work from home, and other social restrictions. This has an impact on family harmony. Because there were many layoffs during the pandemic, it was vulnerable to domestic violence due to economic and other problems. The solution to domestic violence is to hold pre-marital counseling for prospective brides; during the pandemic and carried out online. The research method used is the library research method, using a normative juridical approach. Data collection techniques used documentation and analysis using descriptive and content analysis methods. During a pandemic, people spend more time at home, so domestic violence often occurs. Another reason is that many people have been laid off and are experiencing economic difficulties. Pre-marital counseling during a pandemic is carried out online, the implementation time is shortened, and strict health protocols must be implemented
Peran Tuan Guru dalam Penyadaran Hukum Pembayaran Nafkah ‘Iddah Perceraian di Luar Pengadilan
Full text linkThis research is motivated by the author's anxiety about phenomena that occur in society, namely related to fulfilling the obligation to provide an 'iddah post-divorce carried out outside the Religious Courts, primarily through the Tuan Guru's decision in Labuapi District. This research aims to analyze the distribution of 'iddah maintenance outside the court in the Labuapi District. It also tries to analyze the factors that influence the level of legal awareness of giving 'iddah maintenance to the community. Furthermore, this article tries to analyze the form and role of Tuan Guru in socializing the fulfilment of 'iddah maintenance obligations. The authors' results indicate that the distribution of 'iddah income in Labuapi District needs to be carried out correctly. This is based on the lack of public knowledge, prevailing traditions, and conflict between husband and wife, which is the cause of divorce. In addition, in this study, the authors found two active roles of Tuan Guru in the community: to provide understanding to the community and as a mediator and family law consultant