Jurnal Online Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)
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Determining Subuh Prayer Time Using GNU Octave To Find Polynomial Roots
No full textThe standard used for the dawn prayer time schedule by the Indonesian government is the sun elevation angle 20°. That standard has been corrected a lot because it has not been assumed too late. Early research at dawn is mostly done using simple photometry tools, namely SQM, the processing of SQM output data varies, one of which is by polynomials, by reducing its function to the second derivative, and the first derivative root is substituted into the second derivative, so the turning point solution is represented by ?2y/?2t <0. The GNU Octave application helps to find the root of the first derivative easier and simpler by writing commands so that the root of the first derivative is obtained. With the polynomial method using GNU Octave, analyzing 19 observational data shows that the lowest elevation angle is -21.53 °, which means 1.53 ° faster, or 6 minutes 7.2 seconds from the official schedule, and the highest elevation angle is -11.38 ° or 34 minutes 28.8 seconds slower. On an average the elevation of the Sun angle is -16.59 ° ± 2.82 ° with difference of 3.41 ° or 13 minutes 38.4 seconds from the official schedule
Moderasi Beragama Tinjauan Terhadap Regulasi Pelaksanaan Ibadah Umat Islam di Era Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on all aspects of human life. This causes changes in patterns and ways of human life, especially in carrying out activities or worship for Muslims. However, in reality there are still groups of Muslims who view that the policies, fatwas, or appeals that have been issued in an effort to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic are a form of weakening Muslims, discriminating, and even oppressing Muslims. Muslims should respond to the Covid-19 pandemic in an objective and moderate manner while still being based on Islamic teachings in the Qur'an, hadith, and ijtihad of the scholars as guidelines and prioritizing public interests that bring benefits to life amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the understanding of the paradigm of thinking about understanding Islamic law during the Covid-19 pandemic by reviewing the existence of regulations for implementing Islamic worship that are different from what they should be. In addition, this writing uses a literature study research method that supports and is relevant.
Keywords: Moderation of Religion, Religion, Islam, Covid-19, organizing worship
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 telah membawa dampak yang sangat luar bagi seluruh aspek kehidupan umat manusia. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pola dan cara hidup manusia khususnya dalam menjalankan kegiatan ataupun ibadah bagi umat Islam. Namun, pada kenyataannya masih ada golongan-golongan umat Islam yang memandang bahwa kebijakan, fatwa, ataupun imbauan yang telah dikeluarkan dalam upaya mengatasi pandemi Covid-19 ini sebagai bentuk pelemahan umat Islam, diskriminasi, dan bahkan mendzalimi umat Islam. Umat Islam hendaklah menyikapi wabah pandemi Covid-19 ini secara obyektif dan moderat dengan tetap berlandaskan pada ajaran Islam dalam Al-Qur’an, hadist, dan ijtihad para ulama sebagai pedomannya serta memprioritaskan kepentingan umum yang membawa kemaslahatan bagi kehidupan ditengah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan pemahaman paradigma berpikir terhadap paham syariat Islam selama masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan meninjau dari adanya regulasi pelaksanaan ibadah umat Islam yang berbeda dari yang seharusnya. Selain itu, penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi pustaka yang mendukung dan relevan.
Kata kunci: Moderasi Beragama, Agama, Islam, Covid-19, penyelenggaraan ibada
Implementasi Permenhub tentang Alat Pengendali dan Pengaman Pengguna Jalan di Desa Sungai Meriam Kecamatan Anggana
Full text linkThe practical and beneficial approach should be considered when making a speed limiter or speed bump. In the village of Sungai Meriam, it was reported that a female motorist fell due to speed bumps or speed limiters built by local residents on public roads carelessly without following procedures so that they could endanger road users. The results obtained from this study are: First, the inhibiting factors for implementing PM Transportation Number 82 of 2018 Concerning Road Control and Safety Equipment are a. Public awareness of traffic safety or community behaviour that does not comply with applicable regulations, b. More budgetary funds are needed. The supporting factor is its initiative regarding installing a speed limiter built by the people of Sungai Meriam Village, Anggana District. Second, PM Transportation No. 82 of 2018 is in line with the concept of maslahah mursalah. The reason for this rule is to preserve life and property. Another reason is to realize safety, order, security and smooth traffic.
Abstrak : Dalam membuat alat pembatas kecepatan atau polisi tidur hendaknya harus mempertimbangkan maslahat dan mafsadatnya. Di desa Sungai Meriam dilaporkan ada seorang pengendara wanita terjatuh akibat adanya polisi tidur atau alat pembatas kecepatan yang dibangun warga sekitar di jalan umum secara sembarangan tidak mengikuti prosedur sehingga dapat membahayakan pengguna jalan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, Faktor penghambat dari implementasi PM Perhubungan Nomor 82 Tahun 2018 Tentang Alat Pengendali dan Pengaman Jalan, ialah: a. Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap keselamatan berlalu lintas atau perilaku masyarakat yang tidak taat terhadap ketentuan yang berlaku, b. Tidak tersedianya anggaran dana yang mencukupi. Faktor pendukungnya ialah ialah dari inisiatif sendiri terkait pemasangan alat pembatas kecepatan yang dibangun oleh masyarakat Desa Sungai Meriam Kecamatan Anggana. Kedua, PM Perhubungan No 82 Tahun 2018 telah sejalan dengan konsep maslahah mursalah. Alasannya dari aturan ini dapat memelihara jiwa dan harta. Alasan lainnya ialah untuk mewujudkan keselamatan, ketertiban, keamanan dan kelancaran lalu lintas.
Pendekatan Spiritual Religius Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Fisik terhadap Anak dan Perempuan dalam Rumah Tangga
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the permissibility of hitting children who do not pray and a nuzyus wife in Islamic law and to find out that violence against children and women in the household is associated with the values contained in Pancasila. The results showed that although hitting children who do not pray and wives who are nuzyus in Islam is permissible, the Prophet SAW taught to treat children and wives with respect, compassion, and gentleness. Not by hitting arbitrarily when the wife and children make mistakes. Because in Islam, if you are going to hit you must pay attention to the conditions for hitting in Islam, it cannot be done arbitrarily. Domestic violence which is increasingly cruel day by day does not at all reflect the human values contained in Pancasila, Some Indonesian people no longer understand the philosophical values that should be a guide in social life and also guidelines for behavior, so that domestic violence that often occurs today does not reflect the real Indonesian people according to the ideals of the ancestors.
Peran Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Dan Kepolisian dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Teori Sistem Hukum
Full text linkThis article discusses the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission and the Police in eradicating corruption in Indonesia from the perspective of legal system theory. This research is normative legal research, using legislation, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials are obtained from laws and regulations, law books, legal journals, and related articles, then analyzed using deductive thinking patterns, namely drawing general things to draw a specific conclusion. The study results indicate that the Corruption Eradication Commission and the Police are included in sub-systems of criminal justice, both of which have the authority to enforce the law in the field of corruption per the authorities stipulated in the legislation. From the legal system theory perspective, the enforcement of criminal acts of corruption must be seen from three aspects, namely the laws and regulations, law enforcement officers, and the legal culture of the community. From these three aspects, the Corruption Eradication Commission and the Police have a very decisive role in law enforcement for corruption under their respective authorities.
Akuntansi Kewajiban Pemerintah Perspektif KHES dan PP No. 24 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan: Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract: Accounting for government obligations is regulated in government regulation (PP) number 24 of 2005 in government accounting standards statement No.09 (PSAP) concerning Liability Accounting. Liabilities are debts arising from past events, the settlement of which resulted in an outflow of government economic resources. In the context of government, obligations arise, among others, due to the use of sources of financing originating from loans. These loans can come from the public, financial institutions, other governments, or international institutions. Government obligations also occur due to engagements with employees working for the government, responsibilities to the broader community, namely benefits, compensation, compensation, allocation/reallocation of income to other entities, or obligations with other service providers. Government obligations can also arise from procuring goods and services from third parties that have yet to be paid by the government at the end of the fiscal year. In KHES Concerning, accounting for obligations has been regulated in Chapter IV concerning Accounting for KHES Liabilities, which consists of 16 articles (Articles 765 to 780).
Keywords: Liability Accounting, Government, KHES
Abstrak: Akuntansi kewajiban pemerintah diatur dalam peraturan pemerintah (PP) nomor 24 tahun 2005 dalam standar akuntansi pemerintahan pernyataan No.09 (PSAP) tentang Akuntansi Kewajiban. Kewajiban adalah utang yang timbul dari peristiwa masa lalu yang penyelesaiannya mengakibatkan aliran keluar sumber daya ekonomi pemerintah. Dalam konteks pemerintahan, kewajiban muncul antara lain karena penggunaan sumber pembiayaan yang berasal dari pinjaman. Pinjaman tersebut dapat berasal dari masyarakat, lembaga keuangan, pemerintah lain, atau lembaga internasional. Kewajiban pemerintah juga terjadi karena perikatan dengan pegawai yang bekerja pada pemerintah, kewajiban kepada masyarakat luas yaitu kewajiban tunjangan, kompensasi, ganti rugi, alokasi/realokasi pendapatan ke entitas lainnya, atau kewajiban dengan pemberi jasa lain. Kewajiban pemerintah dapat juga timbul dari pengadaan barang dan jasa dari pihak ketiga yang belum dibayar pemerintah pada akhir tahun anggaran. dalam KHES Mengenai akuntansi kewajiban telah diatur dalam Bab IV tentang Akuntansi Kewajiban KHES, yang terdiri dari 16 pasal (Pasal 765 sampai 780).
Kata Kunci: Akuntansi Kewajiban, Pemerintah, KHE
Kepailitan Badan Hukum Bum Desa Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract: The Village Autonomy Provides the widest possible authority to the village to explore and manage the economic potensial of the village, including by forming village owned enterprises (BUM Desa). After the issuance of government Regulation of Law No. 2 of 2022 concerning job creation which recently Received validation as a law, there has been a charge in the institutional aspect of village Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). BUM Desa, which previously only existed as a business entity, has now transformed into a legal entity. The legal entity form of BUM Desa is different from other legal entity forms in Indonesia, such as Limited Liability Company, State-Owned Enterpries, and Cooperatives. The Transformation from a more business entity to a legal entity has legal implications not only institutionally, but also in term of legal relationships with other parties. As s legal entity, BUM Desa is also granted authority to establish legal entity based business units. These legal implications may lead to bankruptcy Of BUM Desa if not managed properly. However, there is currently no adequate legal framework that regulates in detail the mechanism for filing bankruptcy petition to the commercial court to declare BUM Desa Bankrupt, and the legal consequences of BUM Desa being declared bankrupt, including related to its assets, wealth, and organizational structure. This research uses a doctrinal and theoretical legal research method with an approach to legislation and conceptual concepts. The Conclusion of this research is that more detailed regulations are needed regarding the legal entity form of BUM Desa, especially concerning bankruptcy of BUM Desa.
Keywords: BUM Desa, legal Entity, Bankruptcy.
Abstrak: Otonomi Desa memberikan kewenangan seluas-luasnya kepada Desa untuk menggali dan mengelola potensi ekonomi desa, salah satunya dengan membentuk Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa). Pasca terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja yang beberapa waktu yang lalu mendapatkan pengesahan menjadi undang-undang, terjadi perubahan secara kelembagaan mengenai BUM Desa. BUM Desa yang sebelumnya hanya berbentuk badan usaha, sudah berganti menjadi badan hukum. Bentuk badan hukum BUM Desa berbeda dengan badan usaha yang berbentuk badan hukum yang sudah terdapat di Indonesia seperti Perseroan Terbatas, Perusahaan Umum dan Koperasi. Perubahan bentuk dari hanya Badan Usaha menjadi Badan Hukum memiliki implikasi yuridis tidak hanya secara kelembagaan, tetapi juga hubungan hukum dengan pihak lain. BUM Desa sebagai badan hukum juga diberikan kewenangan untuk membentuk unit usaha yang berbadan hukum. Implikasi yuridis ini dapat berujung terhadap kepailitan BUM Desa apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Namun, belum terdapat pranata hukum yang memadai yang mengatur secara terperinci mengenai mekanisme permohonan kepada pengadilan niaga agar BUM Desa dinyatakan pailit dan akibat hukum BUM Desa dinyatakan pailit, baik terkait mengenai aset, kekayaaan maupun organ BUM Desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum doktrinal dan teoritis dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah diperlukan peraturan yang lebih terperinci mengenai bentuk badan hukum BUM Desa, terutama mengenai kepailitan BUM Desa.
Kata Kunci: BUM Desa, Badan Hukum, Kepailitan
Pemidanaan Kepala Daerah yang Terduga Korupsi Akibat Operasi Tangkap Tangan oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi
No full textThe Hand Arrest Operation (OTT) against Regional Heads suspected of committing criminal acts of corruption is a juridical authority given to the KPK in the context of efforts to eradicate corruption. OTT by the KPK can only be carried out with the following conditions: First, as long as there is “preliminary evidence”, “sufficient preliminary evidence”, and “sufficient evidence”. Second, continue to uphold human rights to the suspect. The prosecution of regional heads who are suspected of committing criminal acts of corruption through the KPK's Hand Arrest Operation (OTT) is carried out in three forms. First, the death penalty as regulated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the 1999 PTPK Law in conjunction with the Corruption Act 2001. Second, imprisonment and fines, which are regulated in Article 5, Article 6, Article 7, Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 of the Corruption Act 1999 in conjunction with the Corruption Act 2001. Apart from that, it is also provided for in Article 55 Paragraph 1 to 1 of the Criminal Code. Third, the additional penalty for substitute money is regulated in the Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2014 concerning the additional penalty for Corruption Crimes. Given that corruption is an extraordinary crime and its prevention requires special steps. Therefore, it is necessary to synchronize the rule of law between the Criminal Procedure Code and the Corruption Act in supporting the existing legal system to be more effective
Pernikahan Endogami Jemaat Ahmadiyah Yogyakarta Perspektif Maqashid Al-Shari'ah
Full text linkAbstrack : The marriage rule in the form of a prohibition on marrying someone other than Ahmadiyah (endogamy) is a special regulation regulated in an institution called Rishta Nata. The regulation is oriented towards maintaining the family in order to form a uniform view of life in the household of the Ahmadiyah congregation, so as to create a happy family harmony under the auspices of the Ahmadiyya teachings. This study will examine the endogamous marriage regulation system in the Ahmadiyya congregation, the aim is to analyze the function of the rules in the family and community scope of the Ahmadiyya Jama'at in Yogyakarta. This research is a field research which also includes qualitative with a phenomenological-sociological approach that uses the theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah. The conclusion of this study is that the Ahmadiyya Jamaat's endogamous marriage in the family dimension according to the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah Jamaluddin Athiyah can be understood from the seven spaces of movement as follows; First, maintain the pattern of relationships between husband and wife. Second, preserving the existence and purity of the Ahmadiyya Community. Third, maintain the peace and integrity of the family of the Ahmadiyya Community. Fourth, maintain the purity of the family lineage. Fifth, preserving the ideology of the Ahmadiyya Community in the family environment. Sixth, maintain the principles and patterns of family relationships. Seventh, protecting family economic disparities and alleviating poverty.
Abstrak : Aturan pernikahan yang berupa larangan menikah dengan selain Ahmadiyah (endogami) merupakan peraturan khusus yang diatur dalam sebuah lembaga yang bernama Rishta Nata. Aturan tersebut berorientasi pada pemeliharaan keluarga agar terbentuk keseragaman pandangan hidup dalam rumah tangga jemaat Ahmadiyah, sehingga tercipta keluarga yang harmonis dibawah naungan ajaran Ahmadiyah. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji tentang sistem peraturan pernikahan endogami di jemaat Ahmadiyah, tujuannya untuk menganalisa fungsi aturan dalam ruang lingkup keluarga dan komunitas Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian field research yang juga termasuk kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis-sosiologis yang menggunakan teori Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Jamaluddin Athiyah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pernikahan endogami Jemaat Ahmadiyah dalam dimensi keluarga menurut maqāṣid al-sharī’ah Jamaluddin Athiyah dapat dipahami dari tujuh ruang gerak sebagai berikut; Pertama, menjaga pola hubungan antar suami-istri. Kedua, melestarikan eksistensi dan kemurnian Jemaat Ahmadiyah. Ketiga, menjaga ketentraman dan keutuhan keluarga Jemaat Ahmadiyah. Keempat, memelihara kemurnian nasab keluarga. Kelima, melestarikan ideologi Jemaat Ahmadiyah di lingkungan keluarga. Keenam, menjaga prinsip dan pola hubungan keluarga. Ketujuh, melindungi kesenjangan ekonomi keluarga serta mengentaskan kemiskinan
Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Dengan Cara Membakar Istri di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Full text linkAbstrak : Domestic violence is a terrifying crime. Komnas Perempuan noted that in the years of 2004 to 2021, number of domestic violence in Indonesia reached 544,452 cases. More than 70 percent of them were violence against wives. Pandemic of COVID-19 increased cases of the violence. According to UN Women, 7 among 10 women they interviewed stated that domestic violence was raising during the pandemic time. In Indonesia, research conducted by Komnas Perempuan showed that 80 percent of women who came from group of income less than 5 million per month experienced domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic time. This paper aims to describe and analyze cases of physical domestic violence by burning wives alive. Data on the cases were gathered from online news of the year 2020 and 2021. Description on the cases includes factors causing the violence, impacts to the victims, and sanctions that were given to the offenders. Besides adding references on the issue, this paper intents to raise awareness of the people to the need of preventing and taking serious action on domestic violence. Therefore, cases of domestic violence can be reduced if it is impossible to be demolished.
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Keywords: domestic violence, COVID-19, burning alive, victim, offender, social problems
Abstrak : Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) merupakan sebuah kejahatan yang sangat mengkhawatirkan. Komnas Perempuan mencatat sepanjang tahun 2004-2021, jumah KDRT di Indonesia mencapai 544.452 kasus. Lebih dari 70 persen diantaranya adalah kasus kekerasan terhadap istri. Pandemi COVID-19 disinyalir telah meningkatkan jumlah kasus KDRT. Menurut UN Women, 7 diantara 10 perempuan yang mereka wawancarai, mengatakan bahwa KDRT meningkat selama pandemi. Di Indonesia, dari riset yang dilakukan oleh Komnas Perempuan diketahui bahwa 80 persen perempuan yang berasal dari kelompok berpenghasilan 5 juta ke bawah mengalami KDRT di masa pandemi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan dan menganalisis tentang kasus-kasus KDRT yang terjadi di Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID 19, khususnya kasus kekerasan fisik dengan cara membakar istri hidup-hidup. Data mengenai kasus ini penulis peroleh dari berita-berita online pada masa pandemi, yaitu tahun 2020 dan 2021. Penulis melakukan qualitative document analysis terhadap berita-berita tersebut. Uraian KDRT ini meliputi penyebab pelaku melakukan KDRT, bagaimana akibatnya pada korban, serta hukuman apa yang diberikan penegak hukum kepada pelaku. Selain menambah referensi tentang KDRT, tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menyadarkan masyarakat tentang pentingnya mencegah dan menangani dengan serius permasalahan KDRT. Dengan demikian, kasus-kasus KDRT dapat dikurangi jika tidak mungkin dihilangkan sama sekali.
Kata Kunci: KDRT, COVID-19, membakar hidup-hidup, korban, pelaku, problema sosia