Journals Politeknik Negeri Sambas (Journal Poltesa)
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PELATIHAN STERILISASI PANGAN KOMERSIAL UNTUK UMKM: PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS LURING DAN DARING
Full text linkSterilisasi merupakan salah satu metode penting untuk pengawetan pangan. Proses sterilisasi tidak dapat dilakukan sembarangan, melainkan harus mengikuti standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Untuk itu kegiatan pengabdian dengan topik "Sterilisasi untuk UMKM: Teori dan Praktek" telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pelaku Industri Kecil dan Menengah (IKM) pangan tentang pentingnya metode sterilisasi yang sesuai standar dengan menggunakan teknologi terjangkau oleh UMKM. Pelatihan dilakukan melalui pendekatan hybrid, memadukan teori dan praktek langsung secara luring yang ditayangkan langsung melalui Zoom meeting untuk perserta daring. Evaluasi menggunakan paired samples t-test menunjukkan peningkatan skor yang signifikan antara pre-test dan post-test pada seluruh peserta (p < 0.001), dengan rata-rata peningkatan skor sebesar 13.50. Peserta pelatihan daring memiliki rata-rata peningkatan skor sebesar 13.82 ± 17.24, sementara peserta luring meningkat sebesar 14.29 ± 19.88. Analisis independent samples t-test menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan nyata dalam peningkatan skor peserta daring (24.88 ± 43.89%) dan luring (32.10 ± 52.96%) dengan nilai p = 0.705. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan daring dapat memberikan hasil peningkatan pemahaman yang sebanding dengan luring, sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif solusi untuk IKM pangan yang tidak memungkinkan mengikuti pelatihan secara luring
Effectiveness of Soybean Meal as a Feed Supplement on Gonadal Maturation, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), and Spawning Success of Female Broodstock Catfish
Full text linkThe increasing demand for catfish (Clarias sp.) consumption necessitates a sustainable supply of broodstock and seed for aquaculture. One of the main constraints in meeting this demand is the low gonadal maturation rate of catfish outside the natural spawning season. Reproductive hormones play a central role in regulating gonadal maturation through the action of estrogen hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, which stimulates vitellogenesis or the synthesis of vitellogenin (egg yolk), a major component of oocytes. The increase in vitellogenesis and oocyte size is positively correlated with the level of gonadal maturity. Soybean is a natural source of phytoestrogens that function similarly to estrogen and is rich in linoleic acid, which can stimulate the production of 17β-estradiol. This study aimed to determine the effect of soybean flour supplementation in feed on the Gonadal Maturity Level (GML), spawning success, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) of female catfish broodstock. The experimental treatments included a control group (without soybean flour), TK 5% (supplementation of 5% soybean flour per kg of feed), and TK 10% (supplementation of 10% soybean flour per kg of feed). The results showed no significant differences among treatments in terms of GML, spawning success, GSI, or HSI of female broodstock. However, a potential increase in GSI was observed with higher soybean flour supplementation, with the highest GSI value recorded at the 10% dosage level.The increasing demand for catfish (Clarias sp.) consumption necessitates a sustainable supply of broodstock and seed for aquaculture. One of the main constraints in meeting this demand is the low gonadal maturation rate of catfish outside the natural spawning season. Reproductive hormones play a central role in regulating gonadal maturation through the action of estrogen hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, which stimulates vitellogenesis or the synthesis of vitellogenin (egg yolk), a major component of oocytes. The increase in vitellogenesis and oocyte size is positively correlated with the level of gonadal maturity. Soybean is a natural source of phytoestrogens that function similarly to estrogen and is rich in linoleic acid, which can stimulate the production of 17β-estradiol. This study aimed to determine the effect of soybean flour supplementation in feed on the Gonadal Maturity Level (GML), spawning success, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) of female catfish broodstock. The experimental treatments included a control group (without soybean flour), TK 5% (supplementation of 5% soybean flour per kg of feed), and TK 10% (supplementation of 10% soybean flour per kg of feed). The results showed no significant differences among treatments in terms of GML, spawning success, GSI, or HSI of female broodstock. However, a potential increase in GSI was observed with higher soybean flour supplementation, with the highest GSI value recorded at the 10% dosage level
Length–Weight Relationship of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Landed at Tulehu Village, Maluku
Full text linkSkipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught in the Banda Sea using purse seines and pole-and-line (huhate) fishing gear has shown a decrease in population size parameters. The parameters observed included size distribution and length–weight relationships, both of which serve as indicators of the size at first capture and first gonadal maturity. This study aimed to analyze the growth pattern of skipjack tuna landed by fishermen at Tulehu fishing port from April to June 2025. The analysis covered fish size distribution and the length–weight relationship. The results showed that the total length distribution of skipjack tuna caught in Tulehu waters reached its highest average in June (24 cm). The highest standard deviation of total length was observed in April (21.7 cm), while the lowest occurred in May (13.4 cm), suggesting that the skipjack population in Tulehu waters represents different recruitment groups. The length–weight relationship obtained was expressed as W = 0.000008 L³·⁰¹⁴⁷, indicating positive allometric growth, meaning that weight increases faster than length. The highest mean weight was recorded in June, with the greatest standard deviation observed in April. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the current size and weight data be used to determine the optimal capture size for skipjack tuna. Furthermore, fish at this stage are in the process of gaining additional body mass, which serves as an energy reserve for spawning activities.Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught in the Banda Sea using purse seines and pole-and-line (huhate) fishing gear has shown a decrease in population size parameters. The parameters observed included size distribution and length–weight relationships, both of which serve as indicators of the size at first capture and first gonadal maturity. This study aimed to analyze the growth pattern of skipjack tuna landed by fishermen at Tulehu fishing port from April to June 2025. The analysis covered fish size distribution and the length–weight relationship. The results showed that the total length distribution of skipjack tuna caught in Tulehu waters reached its highest average in June (24 cm). The highest standard deviation of total length was observed in April (21.7 cm), while the lowest occurred in May (13.4 cm), suggesting that the skipjack population in Tulehu waters represents different recruitment groups. The length–weight relationship obtained was expressed as W = 0.000008 L³·⁰¹⁴⁷, indicating positive allometric growth, meaning that weight increases faster than length. The highest mean weight was recorded in June, with the greatest standard deviation observed in April. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the current size and weight data be used to determine the optimal capture size for skipjack tuna. Furthermore, fish at this stage are in the process of gaining additional body mass, which serves as an energy reserve for spawning activities
KAJIAN LITERATUR: APLIKASI MARGARIN DAN SHORTENING DALAM PRODUK BAKERY
Full text linkArtikel review ini menyajikan tinjauan mendalam tentang teknologi formulasi dan aplikasi margarin serta shortening berbasis minyak sawit dalam produk bakery. Minyak sawit dan fraksi-fraksinya memainkan peran penting dalam menghasilkan tekstur, rasa, dan karakteristik fungsional pada beragam produk bakery. Tinjauan ini menyajikan rangkuman dari berbagai penelitian yang membahas topik terkait optimasi formulasi, proses produksi, dan pemanfaatan margarin serta shortening berbasis minyak sawit, termasuk penggunaan minyak sawit merah (MSM) untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi dan fungsionalitas produk. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mengulas inovasi terkini dalam pengembangan margarin dan shortening bebas lemak trans serta penerapannya dalam pembuatan produk bakery seperti roti, kue, biskuit, dan donat.
Kata kunci: Produk bakery; Margarin; Minyak sawit; Shortenin
Penggunaan Tepung Talas Dalam Pembuatan Choux
Full text linkPenggunaan Tepung Talas Dalam Pembuatan Choux adalah penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil penilaian organoleptik produk choux yang menggunakan tepung talas dibandingkan dengan produk choux konvensional. Pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana warna Choux yang ditampilkan dari penggunaan tepung talas? 2) Bagaimana aroma Choux yang tercium dari penggunaan tepung talas? 3) Bagaimana rasa Choux yang diberikan dari penggunaan tepung talas? Dan 4) Bagaimana tesktur Choux yang dirasakan dari penggunaan tepung talas? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, studi pustaka, dan uji panelis untuk mengukur aspek organoleptik produk choux. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan tersebut, maka dapat diketahui bahwa penggunaan tepung talas dalam pembuatan choux dapat diterima oleh konsumen berdasarkan hasil uji panelis yang telah dilakukan
Effect of Vacuum and Non-Vacuum Packaging Combined with Cold Storage on the Shelf Life of Smoked Komo Mackerel (Euthynnus affinis)
Full text linkSmoking is a post-harvest processing technique used to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of fish products. In Fakfak Regency, smoked fish products are generally marketed without adequate packaging, making them prone to quality deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of packaging type (vacuum and non-vacuum), cold storage duration (4 °C), and their interaction on moisture content, pH, water activity (Aw), and organoleptic characteristics of smoked Komo mackerel (Euthynnus affinis). The experiment employed a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with factors being packaging type (vacuum and non-vacuum) and cold storage duration (days 7, 11, 17, and 25), each treatment replicated three times. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 using GLM Multivariate while factor interactions were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. If significant differences were found, further testing was performed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (p < 0.05). Organoleptic data were descriptively evaluated based on color, texture, and aroma. The results indicated that the combination of vacuum and non-vacuum packaging with cold storage (4 °C) significantly affected moisture content, pH, and Aw. The interaction between the two factors was only significant for moisture content and pH, while the effect on Aw was not significant. Organoleptic observations showed that vacuum packaging was able to maintain product quality until day 24, whereas non-vacuum packaging showed quality deterioration from day 11, characterized by pale brown color, soft texture, and loss of characteristic smoked fish aroma. In conclusion, vacuum packaging is more effective in extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of smoked Komo mackerel compared to non-vacuum packaging under cold storage conditions.Smoking is a post-harvest processing technique used to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of fish products. In Fakfak Regency, smoked fish products are generally marketed without adequate packaging, making them prone to quality deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of packaging type (vacuum and non-vacuum), cold storage duration (4 °C), and their interaction on moisture content, pH, water activity (Aw), and organoleptic characteristics of smoked Komo mackerel (Euthynnus affinis). The experiment employed a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with factors being packaging type (vacuum and non-vacuum) and cold storage duration (days 7, 11, 17, and 25), each treatment replicated three times. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 using GLM Multivariate while factor interactions were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. If significant differences were found, further testing was performed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (p < 0.05). Organoleptic data were descriptively evaluated based on color, texture, and aroma. The results indicated that the combination of vacuum and non-vacuum packaging with cold storage (4 °C) significantly affected moisture content, pH, and Aw. The interaction between the two factors was only significant for moisture content and pH, while the effect on Aw was not significant. Organoleptic observations showed that vacuum packaging was able to maintain product quality until day 24, whereas non-vacuum packaging showed quality deterioration from day 11, characterized by pale brown color, soft texture, and loss of characteristic smoked fish aroma. In conclusion, vacuum packaging is more effective in extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of smoked Komo mackerel compared to non-vacuum packaging under cold storage conditions
Litter Production of Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii in the seagrass ecosystem of Tanjung Tiram, Inner Ambon Bay
Full text linkSeagrasses are important primary producers that support marine life. The litter, or fallen leaves, of seagrasses plays a vital role as a source of nutrients in coastal ecosystems. One of the seagrass ecosystems found in Inner Ambon Bay is located in Tanjung Tiram. Studies on litter production have been extensively conducted in mangrove ecosystems; however, in the Maluku region, only one such study has been reported, and no research on seagrass litter production has yet been documented. Litter production serves as an important indicator for assessing coastal ecosystem functioning and blue carbon stocks. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the litter production of two seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii, in the Tanjung Tiram waters of Inner Ambon Bay. The research was conducted from July to August 2025 in the Tanjung Tiram seagrass ecosystem, Ambon City. Litter production was measured using the cage method, constructed from a 3 mm mesh nylon net with dimensions of 0.5 × 0.5 m. Prior to cage installation, the substrate was cleared of existing litter material and benthic organisms, and seagrass density was subsequently estimated. The study period lasted for 3 × 24 hours, with floating and sunken litter collected every 24 hours. The collected litter was oven-dried and weighed to determine dry biomass. Results showed that both E. acoroides and T. hemprichii produced higher amounts of sunken litter (0.0082 g dry weight/shoot/day and 0.0063 g dry weight/shoot/day, respectively) compared to floating litter (0.0062 g dry weight/shoot/day and 0.0028 g dry weight/shoot/day, respectively). The total litter production of E. acoroides (0.0144 g dry weight/shoot/day) was higher than that of T. hemprichii (0.0091 g dry weight/shoot/day).Seagrasses are important primary producers that support marine life. The litter, or fallen leaves, of seagrasses plays a vital role as a source of nutrients in coastal ecosystems. One of the seagrass ecosystems found in Inner Ambon Bay is located in Tanjung Tiram. Studies on litter production have been extensively conducted in mangrove ecosystems; however, in the Maluku region, only one such study has been reported, and no research on seagrass litter production has yet been documented. Litter production serves as an important indicator for assessing coastal ecosystem functioning and blue carbon stocks. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the litter production of two seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii, in the Tanjung Tiram waters of Inner Ambon Bay. The research was conducted from July to August 2025 in the Tanjung Tiram seagrass ecosystem, Ambon City. Litter production was measured using the cage method, constructed from a 3 mm mesh nylon net with dimensions of 0.5 × 0.5 m. Prior to cage installation, the substrate was cleared of existing litter material and benthic organisms, and seagrass density was subsequently estimated. The study period lasted for 3 × 24 hours, with floating and sunken litter collected every 24 hours. The collected litter was oven-dried and weighed to determine dry biomass. Results showed that both E. acoroides and T. hemprichii produced higher amounts of sunken litter (0.0082 g dry weight/shoot/day and 0.0063 g dry weight/shoot/day, respectively) compared to floating litter (0.0062 g dry weight/shoot/day and 0.0028 g dry weight/shoot/day, respectively). The total litter production of E. acoroides (0.0144 g dry weight/shoot/day) was higher than that of T. hemprichii (0.0091 g dry weight/shoot/day)
Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Mata Pengupas pada Mesin Pengupas Kulit Pinang Kering
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan modifikasi roll pengupas dan uji kinerja mesin pengupas buah pinang kering untuk membuktikan pengaruh jumlah mata pengupas terhadap hasil pengupasan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen rancangan acak yang terdiri dari dua faktor utama diantaranya adalah jumlah mata pengupas (10 ; 14; 18), perbandingan pulley (1:1 , 1:2 , 2:1) dengan variasi pengujian. Untuk setiap variasi variabel bebas, dilakukan 3 kali pengulangan percobaan. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 20 buah pinang kering. Kecepatan putaran mesin, perbandingan puli, panjang dan bentuk mata pengupas dibuat sama untuk semua sampel. Hasil yang diamati meliputi persentase buah terkupas dengan biji utuh, persetase buah terkupas dengan biji pecah, dan persentase buah tidak terkupas. Hasil pengupasan terbaik adalah pada variasi roller pengupas III dengan jumlah mata pengupas 18, perbandingan puli 1:2, kecepatan putaran 1066 rpm. Hasil pengupasan terendah pada variasi roller pengupas I dengan jumlah mata pengupas 10, perbandingan puli 2:1, kecepatan putaran 2885 rpm. Jadi semakin banyak jumlah mata pengupas dan kecepatan putaran nya rendah maka persentase buah terkupas dengan biji utuh semakin besar. Sedangkan semakin panjang mata pengupas dan kecepatan nya tinggi maka persentase buah terkupas dengan biji pecah akan semakin besar
Analysis of Industrial Management and Added Value of Tenggiri Fish Pempek, Case Study of IKM Jeol Food Indonesia, Bandung City
Full text linkThe fishery product processing industry plays a significant role in enhancing product added value and stimulating local economic growth for national development. However, research related to industrial management and added value in SMEs processing Spanish mackerel pempek remains limited, particularly in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. This study aims to analyze industrial management and the added value of Spanish mackerel pempek at Jeol Food Indonesia SME in Bandung City. The research employed a survey method, collecting data through observations and interviews with the business owner. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. The analysis encompassed three aspects of industrial management: raw material procurement, production, and marketing, along with added value calculation using the Hayami method, a method designed to measure commodity value enhancement due to functional inputs. Results indicated efficient raw material procurement managed via a pre-order system with two main suppliers ensuring quality and supply continuity. Production processes adhered to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards, utilizing technology such as planetary mixers and vacuum sealers, along with process layout optimized for operational efficiency. Marketing strategies involved market segmentation, cost-plus pricing, digital promotions, and multi-channel distribution, including exports. Added value analysis revealed that processing 10 kg of minced fish yielded 28.57 kg of pempek, generating an added value of IDR 210,624/kg and a high value-added ratio of 42%. Profit margins reached 52.78%. These findings demonstrate that the processing of Spanish mackerel by Jeol Food Indonesia SME contributes significantly to added value and profitability.The fishery product processing industry plays a significant role in enhancing product added value and stimulating local economic growth for national development. However, research related to industrial management and added value in SMEs processing Spanish mackerel pempek remains limited, particularly in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. This study aims to analyze industrial management and the added value of Spanish mackerel pempek at Jeol Food Indonesia SME in Bandung City. The research employed a survey method, collecting data through observations and interviews with the business owner. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. The analysis encompassed three aspects of industrial management: raw material procurement, production, and marketing, along with added value calculation using the Hayami method, a method designed to measure commodity value enhancement due to functional inputs. Results indicated efficient raw material procurement managed via a pre-order system with two main suppliers ensuring quality and supply continuity. Production processes adhered to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards, utilizing technology such as planetary mixers and vacuum sealers, along with process layout optimized for operational efficiency. Marketing strategies involved market segmentation, cost-plus pricing, digital promotions, and multi-channel distribution, including exports. Added value analysis revealed that processing 10 kg of minced fish yielded 28.57 kg of pempek, generating an added value of IDR 210,624/kg and a high value-added ratio of 42%. Profit margins reached 52.78%. These findings demonstrate that the processing of Spanish mackerel by Jeol Food Indonesia SME contributes significantly to added value and profitability
Rancang Bangun Mesin Penghalus Limbah Sekam Padi Menggunakan Mata Pisau Berbentuk Silinder
Full text linkPermasalahan limbah sekam padi selama ini adalah tidak dimanfaatkan dengan optimal dan hanya dibiarkan menumpuk. Upaya penanganan masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan teknologi penghalusan limbah sekam padi agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pakan ternak. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan merancang bangun mesin penghalus limbah sekam padi dan mengetahui hasil pengujian berupa kapasitas penghalusan limbah sekam padi. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pembuatan rangka, hopper, poros, mata pisau, saringan dan finishing. Spesifikasi mesin yang dihasilkan memiliki dimensi 670 x 250 x 1100 mm, hopper memiliki tinggi 160 mm dan lebar 160 mm, poros memiliki diameter 25 mm, mata pisau silinder berjumlah 3 buah, mata pisau tetap berjumlah 2 buah, sabuk-v tipe A No. 49 berjumlah 1 buah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas penghalusan limbah sekam padi meningkat seiring dengan naiknya kecepatan putar mesin. Pada kecepatan 700 rpm, rata-rata kapasitasnya hanya 2,59 kg/jam, namun meningkat secara signifikan hingga mencapai rata-rata 4,88 kg/jam pada kecepatan 1.400 rpm. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kecepatan penghalusan yang lebih tinggi dapat mempercepat proses penghalusan dan meningkatkan volume bahan yang dapat diolah dalam satuan waktu