Online Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya
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Quantitative Antibiotic Use Profile in Typhoid
No full textBackground. Typhoid fever is a common health problem in developing countries. Antibiotics are used to treat typhoidfever which is caused by a bacterial infection. Selection and use of appropriate and rational antibiotic therapy candetermine a success in treatment to avoid bacterial resistance and minimize drug side effects. This study aims todetermine the rationality of the use of antibiotics in adult patients diagnosed with typhoid fever in the InpatientInstallation of X Hospital in Yogyakarta. Method. Non-experimental research with descriptive observational researchdesign and retrospective data collection. The sample of this study was inpatients with a diagnosis of typhoid fever andwas recorded at the X Hospital Medical Records Installation in Yogyakarta for the period January 2016 - December2017 which was included in the inclusion criteria. Result. Data taken came from 75 medical records that were includedin the inclusion criteria. Patients were dominated by female patients as many as 64% and the adult age range was 18-30 years. The single most widely used antibiotic was levofloxacin in 27 cases (36%). The use of antibiotics with theright indication was 75 patients (100%), the right type was 75 patients (100%), the exact duration of administrationwas 64 patients (85.33%), the right dose was 73 patients (97.33%), the right interval was 73 patients (97.33%) and theright route of administration were 75 patients (100%). Conclusion. The rationality of using antibiotics is good withaccuracy> 75%
The Potential Antibacterial Power of Ethanol Extract of Durian Bark (Durio zibethinus murr) Against Enterococcus faecalis
No full textIntroduction : Durian (Durio zibethinus murr) is a fruit with the 4th commodity in Indonesia where the skin has antibacterial properties. Durian peel contains active substances in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids which have significant antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial power of the ethanol extract of durian rind (Durio zibethinus murr) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.
Methods: This type of research was quasi-experimental using post-test only control group design with 4 treatment groups consisting of ethanol extract of durian rind with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 2% chlorhexidine as a control with 6 repetitions. Testing the antibacterial power using the agar diffusion method Kirby-bauer discs with Mueller Hinton Agar media. The test results were seen after incubation for 24 hours at 37 ° C. The diameter of the inhibition zone was calculated using a caliper and the data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test and the Post Hoc Games Howel test.
The results: there was a significant difference in the antibacterial power of the ethanol extract of durian skin (Durio zibethinus murr) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria between all groups except in the concentration group of 25% and 20% and 15% and 10%. The higher the extract concentration forms a bigger clear zone.
Conclusion: the ethanol extract of durian peel concentrations of 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% have antibacterial power against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria with an average of 1.69 mm, 1.25 mm, 0.78 mm and 0.42 mm which are classified as weak category
The Effect of Vitamin C 1000 mg Beverages on Surface Roughness of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin
No full textIntroduction: Consumption of vitamin C 1000 mg beverages regularly can increased surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin which caused by chemical reaction between acids in the beverages and heat cured acrylic resin. This caused by the acidic state in oral cavity and affect the surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin. Objective: To determine the effect of vitamin C 1000 mg beverage on surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin. Methods: Forty-four samples of heat cured acrylic resin sized 2 cm x 2 cm x 3 mm were divided into 4 groups. Samples were tested using surface roughness tester (Handysurf, Japan). Afterwards, group I immersed in You C1000 lemon, group II in You C1000 orange, group III in You C1000 apple, and control group in aquadest. Immersion was carried out for 3 days in a 37oC incubator with solutions replacement every 24 hours. Then, carried out the last measurement of surface roughness (post-test) of resin acrylic heat cured. Statistical test used in this study were paired t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Paired t-test on group I, II and III showed that there were significant increase on surface roughness. One way ANOVA welch showed that there was a significant difference. Post hoc Games-Howell showed that there was a significant difference on control group compared to group I, II and III. Conclusion: There was an effect of vitamin C 1000 mg beverage on surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin
Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicidal Concentration Tests Of Snakehead Fish (Channa Striata) Oil Extracts Against Candida Albicans: An In Vitro Study
No full textIntroduction: Candida albicans (C. Albicans) is an oral cavity commensal organism that can shift into a pathogenic form under certain conditions. Nowadays, natural substances used as an alternative for a new antifungal agent. Snakehead fish oil extracts have been reported to have antifungal effect i.e; unsaturated fatty acids such as Omega-3 and Omega-6.The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of snakehead fish oil extracts against C. Albicans. Materials and Methods: An in vitro laboratory study with a post-test control group design was established. To produce the snakehead fish oil extracts, wet rendering method was used. The snakehead fish oil extracts then tested with microdilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against C. Albicans. An 0,062-32 μl/ml concentrations used for the microdilution test and 2-32 μl/ml for the disc-diffusion test. Nystatin (100 μg/ml) was used as the positive control. Results: There were visible growths and no inhibition zone in all concentrations of snakehead fish oil extracts. Conclusion: 0.062-32 μl/ml concentrations of Snakehead fish oil extracts did not have the abilities to decrease the growth of C. albicans
The Difference of Mesiodistal Tooth Size Ratio Using Bolton Analysis for Palembang and Toba Batak Ethnicities
No full textIntroduction. Bolton's analysis is an analysis that is often used to determine discrepancy in tooth size. Mesiodistal size of teeth in each race & ethnicity is different, resulting in a different ratio of mesiodistal teeth size. The mesiodistal tooth size ratio is very important in determining the orthodontic treatment plan so that a good occlusion can be achieved as the end result of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the ratio of mesiodistal teeth size between Palembang and Batak Toba ethnic according to Bolton's analysis.
Methods. This type of research is a cross sectional analytic study. The number of research samples was 60 subjects (30 subjects of Palembang ethnicity and 30 subjects of Batak Toba ethnicity). All samples were imprinted on the maxilla and mandible then measured the mesiodistal size ratio of the teeth using Bolton's analysis with Sliding Caliper. The data were analyzed using an independent T test.
Results. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the ratio of mesiodistal tooth size according to Bolton's analysis of the ethnic Palembang and Batak Toba both in the anterior ratio and the overall ratio. Only the anterior ratio of the Toba Batak ethnic group has a significant difference with the Bolton anterior ratio.
Conclusion. The Bolton overall ratio (91.3) can be used for the Palembang and Toba Batak ethnic groups in Palembang, while the Bolton anterior ratio (77.2) can only be used for the Palembang ethnic group and cannot be used for the Toba Batak ethnic group in Palembang
Electroencephalography (EEG) Features in Patients with Primary Headache at Neurology Polyclinic of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital
No full textHeadache is one of the most common neurological complaints. The InternationalHeadache Society (IHS) classification divides headaches into a primary and secondaryheadache. The cause or type of headache can be determined from the history of thedisease and physical examination. Neurophysiological tests are used in establishing adifferential diagnosis of headache. There are several neurophysiological methods usedin the diagnosis of headaches, one of them is electroencephalography. This study aimsto look at the most frequent EEG picture in cases of a primary headache without focalneurological deficits in the Neurology Polyclinic of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital fromJanuary 2019 to December 2019. This research used a descriptive method. The studypopulation was all patients who underwent an EEG examination in the IntegratedDiagnostic Installation (IDT) of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital from January 2019 toDecember 2019. Subjects were patients who had a chief complaint of headache whohad been subjected to an EEG examination. Statistical analyzes were performedcomputerized using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 for Windows. From this study,the most common chronic headache is migraine, and the most common EEG feature isnormal. EEG can be used as a modality for investigating chronic headaches withoutfocal neurological deficits
Sifilis Pada Kehamilan
No full textSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum which can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and vertically from mother to fetus. If pregnant woman suffers from syphilis, transplacental infection can occur to the fetus, causing abortion, prematurity, low birth weight, stillbirth, or congenital syphilis. The diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy is established based on history, clinical manifestations, laboratory and serologic examination. Screening in the first trimester with non-treponema tests such as rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) combined with a treponema test such as the treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) is important for every pregnant woman. Clinical manifestations of syphilis to the fetus depend by gestational age and stage of maternal syphilis also fetal immune response. Early detection and adequate management are important to prevent the transmission of syphilis infection from mother to fetus.Sifilis adalah penyakit infeksi menular seksual disebabkan bakteri Treponema pallidumdapat ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, transfusi darah, dan vertikal dari ibu ke janin. Jika perempuan hamil menderita sifilis dapat terjadi infeksi transplasenta ke janin sehingga menyebabkan keguguran, lahir prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, lahir mati, atau sifilis kongenital. Diagnosis sifilis pada kehamilan ditegakkan berdasaranamnesis,manifestasi klinis, pemeriksaanlaboratorik, danserologik. Skrining pada trimester pertama dengan tes non-treponema seperti rapid plasma reagin(RPR) atau venereal disease research laboratory(VDRL) kombinasi dengan tes treponema seperti treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay(TPHA) merupakan hal penting pada setiap perempuan hamil. Manifestasi klinis sifilis ke janin bergantung pada usia kehamilan dan stadium sifilis maternal serta respons imun janin. Deteksi dini dan terapi adekuat penting untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi sifilis dari ibu ke janin
Relationship Between Menarche Age and Body Mass Index (IMT) Youth in Palembang City
No full textConcern regarding secular trend of declining age of menarche has increased in the last few decades. Prevalence of childhood and adolescents obesity in Indonesia has also increased lately while some studies suggest that increased body mass index associates with the early onset of puberty which known to be the risk factor of many health problems. This study aims to investigate whether age of menarche is associated with body mass index in adolescents in Palembang. Sample of this cross sectional designed study was elementary and junior high school girls from 8 schools in Palembang taken with stratified random sampling. A total of 388 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Age of menarche and body mass index got from the questionnaire and anthropometric examination were analysed using Chi-square test. Out of 388 respondents, 49,5% experienced menarche at the earlier age than the mean age of menarche of 12,36 years and 20,1% were classified as overweight and obese. The average menarcheal age of overweight and obese respondents was earlier than those classified as normal and underweight. This study proved that there is a highly significant association between age of menarche and body mass index with the p-value of 0,000 (Chi-square test). There is a highly significant association between body mass index during peripubertal period and the age of menarche. Strict monitoring on body mass index of elementary and junior high school girls is necessary to prevent early puberty.AbstractConcern regarding secular trend of declining age of menarche has increased in the last few decades. Prevalence ofchildhood and adolescents obesity in Indonesia has also increased lately while some studies suggest that increasedbody mass index associates with the early onset of puberty which known to be the risk factor of many healthproblems. This study aims to investigate whether age of menarche is associated with body mass index in adolescents inPalembang. Sample of this cross sectional designed study was elementary and junior high school girls from 8 schools inPalembang taken with stratified random sampling. A total of 388 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Age ofmenarche and body mass index got from the questionnaire and anthropometric examination were analysed using Chi-square test. Out of 388 respondents, 49.5% experienced menarche at the earlier age than the mean age of menarcheof 12.36 years and 20.1% were classified as overweight and obese. The average menarcheal age of overweight andobese respondents was earlier than those classified as normal and underweight. This study proved that there is ahighly significant association between age of menarche and body mass index with the p-value of 0.000 (Chi-squaretest). There is a highly significant association between body mass index during peripubertal period and the age ofmenarche. Strict monitoring on body mass index of elementary and junior high school girls is necessary to preventearly puberty
Correlation of Radiological Severity of Genu Osteoarthritis (Kellgren and Lawrence) with Functional Disabilities (Womac Score)
No full textBackground: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that most often causes functional disabilities. Thecomplaints that most often cause functional disabilities in people with OA are pain and stiffness. The severity of OAcan be seen radiologically. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of radiological severity of OA (Kellgrenand Lawrence) with functional disabilities (WOMAC score). Method: This type of research is an analytic observationalstudy with a cross sectional design. The population who became the respondents of this study were patients sufferingfrom knee osteoarthritis at the Medical Rehabilitation Installation of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang inNovember 2018 who met the inclusion criteria. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. Thefunctional ability of the patient will be assessed using the WOMAC score and the severity of OA radiologicallyinterpreted based on the Kellgren and Lawrence criteria. Result: Statistical test used Somer's correlation test. From 32respondents' data, it was found that there was no significant correlation between the radiological severity of OA andfunctional disability (p = 0.097). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between radiological severity of OA(Kellgren and Lawrence) with functional disabilities (WOMAC score)
The Correlation of the Limitations of Movement of the Shoulder Joint with the Functional Ability of Frozen Shoulder Patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Institute Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
No full textBackground: Frozen shoulder is a condition of the shoulder joint that experiences inflammation, pain, adhesions, atrophyand shortening of the joint capsule resulting in limited motion. In frozen shoulder patients, the limited range of motion ofthe shoulder joint can affect and reduce functional ability. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the limitedarea of motion of the shoulder joint with the functional ability of frozen shoulder patients at the Medical RehabilitationInstallation Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study, correlationtest, with a cross sectional design. There were 29 frozen shoulder patients who met the inclusion criteria in the MedicalRehabilitation Installation Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in November 2018 was taken as a sample using consecutivesampling techniques. Functional ability was assessed using the quickDASH questionnaire and the area of motion wasmeasured using a goniometer, then analyzed. Results: The results of the correlation test showed significant resultsbetween functional abilities and the area of motion of the shoulder joints. Active flexion (p = 0.000; r = -0.669), activeextension (p = 0.004; r = -0.520), active abduction (p = 0.000; r = -0.663), active adduction (p = 0.022; r = -0.423 ), passiveflexion (p = 0.001; r = -0.589), passive extension (p = 0.002; r = -0.543), passive abduction (p = 0.000; r = -0.676), passiveadduction (p = 0.038; r = -0.388). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between limited joint motion andfunctional ability in frozen shoulder patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Installation of Dr. Mohammad HoesinPalemban