Revista Científica Arbitrada de Investigación en Comunicación, Marketing y Empresa
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Relación entre la percepción de la discapacidad y el nivel de inclusión educativa en estudiantes de educación superior en Ecuador
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0347
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the relationship between disability perception and the level of educational inclusion among students with disabilities at a technological institute in Ecuador. Recognizing that inclusion does not depend solely on the physical presence of students in the classroom, but also on the structural, attitudinal, and pedagogical conditions that guarantee equitable participation, the general objective is to determine the influence of disability perception on the level of educational inclusion. The methodology employed was quantitative, correlational, and had a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 411 students, and statistically validated instruments were used. The results revealed a high positive correlation (r = 0.905, p < 0.001) between both variables, indicating that a more favorable perception of disability is associated with higher levels of educational inclusion. Furthermore, the exploratory factor analysis showed an adequate dimensional structure of the constructs, and the reliability of the instruments was high (α > 0.86). In conclusion, it is evident that improving perceptions of disability contributes significantly to strengthening inclusive practices in higher education contexts.
Keywords: Disability, educational inclusion, perception, higher education.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0347
RESUMEN
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre la percepción de la discapacidad y el nivel de inclusión educativa en estudiantes con discapacidad en un instituto tecnológico del Ecuador. Partiendo del reconocimiento de que la inclusión no depende únicamente de la presencia física de los estudiantes en el aula, sino de las condiciones estructurales, actitudinales y pedagógicas que garantizan una participación equitativa, se plantea como objetivo general c. La metodología empleada tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional y diseño no experimental, transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 411 estudiantes, y se utilizaron instrumentos validados estadísticamente. Los resultados revelaron una alta correlación positiva (r = 0.905, p < 0.001) entre ambas variables, indicando que una percepción más favorable hacia la discapacidad se asocia con mayores niveles de inclusión educativa. Además, el análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una adecuada estructura dimensional de los constructos, y la confiabilidad de los instrumentos fue elevada (α > 0.86). En conclusión, se evidencia que mejorar la percepción hacia la discapacidad contribuye significativamente al fortalecimiento de prácticas inclusivas en contextos de educación superior.
Palabras claves: Discapacidad, inclusión educativa, percepción, educación superior.
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the relationship between disability perception and the level of educational inclusion among students with disabilities at a technological institute in Ecuador. Recognizing that inclusion does not depend solely on the physical presence of students in the classroom, but also on the structural, attitudinal, and pedagogical conditions that guarantee equitable participation, the general objective is to determine the influence of disability perception on the level of educational inclusion. The methodology employed was quantitative, correlational, and had a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 411 students, and statistically validated instruments were used. The results revealed a high positive correlation (r = 0.905, p < 0.001) between both variables, indicating that a more favorable perception of disability is associated with higher levels of educational inclusion. Furthermore, the exploratory factor analysis showed an adequate dimensional structure of the constructs, and the reliability of the instruments was high (α > 0.86). In conclusion, it is evident that improving perceptions of disability contributes significantly to strengthening inclusive practices in higher education contexts.
Keywords: Disability, educational inclusion, perception, higher education.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de julio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de septiembre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 27 de octubre de 2025
Desarrollo adolescente, tendencias, empatías y dificultades sociales
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0352
ABSTRACT
The objective of this article is to know what adolescent development is like, difficulties that young people have in relating, with a qualitative, observational and interpretive methodology, to understand reality in its natural context, semi-structured interviews wer applied to 265 young people, 55% women and 45% men, the age fluctuates between 14 and 19 years, the sample was non-probabilistic, to understand what motivates behavior, lifestyles, dealings with society, emotional instability, relationship with parents, friends and construction of their identity with their own words, a documentary and bibliographic research was carried out, Results a significant number of young people expressed that they have a good connection with their friends, they stated that they have problems handling social situations, they feel encouraged by the Tik Tok platform and video games, what motivates them is having exciting actions, being given little homework to do, enjoying more freedom and having their friends like their posts. Conclusion. Based on the interviews conducted, it can be stated that it is necessary to find ways to understand young people, showing them positive characteristics or words that enhance their self-esteem, through dialogue, highlighting the successes they can achieve when they have a sense of belonging, intellectual challenges for a promising future.
Keywords: adolescents, social difficulties, youth, and trends.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0352
RESUMEN
El objetivo de este artículo es conocer cómo es el desarrollo adolescente, dificultades que tienen los jóvenes para relacionarse, con una metodología cualitativa, observacional e interpretativa, entender la realidad en su contexto natural, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 265 jóvenes, 55% mujeres y 45% hombres, la edad fluctúa entre los 14 y 19 años, la muestra fue no probabilística, entender que motiva al comportamiento, estilos de vida, trato con la sociedad, inestabilidad emocional, relación con los padres, amigos y construcción de su identidad con las propias palabras, se realizó una investigación documental y bibliográfica, Resultados un número importante de jóvenes expresaron que tienen una buena conexión con sus amigos, afirmaron que tienen problemas para manejar situaciones sociales, se sienten animados por la plataforma Tik Tok y los videojuegos, lo que les motiva es tener acciones emocionantes, que les den poca tarea para hacer, disfrutar de más libertad y que sus amigos les den me gusta a sus publicaciones. Conclusión. Con base en las entrevistas realizadas se puede afirmar que es necesario encontrar maneras de comprender a los jóvenes, mostrándoles las características positivas o palabras que potencien su autoestima, desde el dialogo, subrayando los éxitos que pueden alcanzar cuando se tiene un sentido de pertenencia, desafíos intelectuales para un futuro promisorio.
Palabras claves: adolescentes, dificultades sociales, Jóvenes, y tendencias.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this article is to know what adolescent development is like, difficulties that young people have in relating, with a qualitative, observational and interpretive methodology, to understand reality in its natural context, semi-structured interviews wer applied to 265 young people, 55% women and 45% men, the age fluctuates between 14 and 19 years, the sample was non-probabilistic, to understand what motivates behavior, lifestyles, dealings with society, emotional instability, relationship with parents, friends and construction of their identity with their own words, a documentary and bibliographic research was carried out, Results a significant number of young people expressed that they have a good connection with their friends, they stated that they have problems handling social situations, they feel encouraged by the Tik Tok platform and video games, what motivates them is having exciting actions, being given little homework to do, enjoying more freedom and having their friends like their posts. Conclusion. Based on the interviews conducted, it can be stated that it is necessary to find ways to understand young people, showing them positive characteristics or words that enhance their self-esteem, through dialogue, highlighting the successes they can achieve when they have a sense of belonging, intellectual challenges for a promising future.
Keywords: adolescents, social difficulties, youth, and trends.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de julio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de septiembre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 27 de octubre de 2025
Las tecnologías digitales en la innovación de estrategias para promover el aprendizaje autónomo
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0346
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was based on analyzing digital technologies in the innovation of strategies to promote autonomous learning. The study adopted a qualitative, descriptive approach through a bibliographic review following patterns and trends in digital technologies that contribute to autonomous learning. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to facilitate the search for articles and degree theses related to the topic of study, establishing specific criteria to facilitate the search for information. In this way, 21 articles were reviewed, identifying 6 articles related to didactic strategies; regarding autonomous learning, 13 articles were found and 2 articles related to innovation and teaching and learning. Finally, it is concluded that enabling students to achieve autonomy enables autonomous learning; for this, it is necessary for the teacher to be trained to provide the necessary tools through appropriate educational strategies. The use of digital technology has caused a significant change in the learning process of students, who beyond what is taught in the classroom seek to know and obtain meaningful learning on some subject outside of it. These digital technologies have been a breakthrough, especially in university-level studies. However, there are studies at the secondary level where they have allowed for improved autonomous learning by applying strategies that promote this learning style so that students learn to self-regulate and be able to self-assess during their process, can develop habits, and are able to expand their cognitive skills.
Keywords: Digital technologies; autonomous learning; strategy innovation; teaching and learning.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0346
RESUMEN
El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en analizar las tecnologías digitales en la innovación de estrategias para promover el aprendizaje autónomo. El estudio adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo a través de una revisión bibliográfica siguiendo patrones y tendencias de las tecnologías digitales que contribuyen al aprendizaje autónomo. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para facilitar la búsqueda de artículos y trabajos de grado relacionados con el tema de estudio estableciendo criterios específicos para facilitar la búsqueda de información. de esta manera, se revisaron 21 artículos pudiendo identificar 6 artículos relacionados con estrategias didácticas, en cuanto al aprendizaje autónomo se encontraron 13 artículos y 2 artículos relacionados con innovación y enseñanza y aprendizaje. Finalmente se concluye que lograr que los estudiantes alcancen autonomía permite el aprendizaje autónomo, para ello es necesario que el docente esté capacitado para brindar las herramientas necesarias a través de estrategias educativas adecuadas. El uso de tecnología digital, ha provocado un cambio significativo en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, quienes más allá de lo impartido en el aula buscan conocer y obtener un aprendizaje significativo de algún tema fuera de ella. Estas tecnologías digitales han sido un avance sobre todo en los estudios a nivel universitario, sin embargo, se encuentran estudios donde a nivel secundario han permitido mejorar el aprendizaje autónomo aplicando estrategias que promueven este estilo de aprendizaje para que los estudiantes aprendan a autorregular y poder autoevaluarse durante su proceso, puedan crear hábitos y sean capaces de expandir sus habilidades cognitivas.
Palabras claves: Tecnologías digitales; aprendizaje autónomo; innovación de estrategias; enseñanza y aprendizaje.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was based on analyzing digital technologies in the innovation of strategies to promote autonomous learning. The study adopted a qualitative, descriptive approach through a bibliographic review following patterns and trends in digital technologies that contribute to autonomous learning. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to facilitate the search for articles and degree theses related to the topic of study, establishing specific criteria to facilitate the search for information. In this way, 21 articles were reviewed, identifying 6 articles related to didactic strategies; regarding autonomous learning, 13 articles were found and 2 articles related to innovation and teaching and learning. Finally, it is concluded that enabling students to achieve autonomy enables autonomous learning; for this, it is necessary for the teacher to be trained to provide the necessary tools through appropriate educational strategies. The use of digital technology has caused a significant change in the learning process of students, who beyond what is taught in the classroom seek to know and obtain meaningful learning on some subject outside of it. These digital technologies have been a breakthrough, especially in university-level studies. However, there are studies at the secondary level where they have allowed for improved autonomous learning by applying strategies that promote this learning style so that students learn to self-regulate and be able to self-assess during their process, can develop habits, and are able to expand their cognitive skills.
Keywords: Digital technologies; autonomous learning; strategy innovation; teaching and learning.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de julio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de septiembre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 27 de octubre de 2025
El rol de la cultura organizacional en la gestión administrativa, Unidad Educativa Quiteño Libre Cantón Jipijapa
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0317
The organizational culture in the Quiteño Libre Fiscal Educational Unit of the Jipijapa canton significantly influences its administrative area, affecting both management and the work environment. The objective of this study was to analyze how shared values, beliefs and practices within the institution impact administrative efficiency and staff development. A problem was identified related to the lack of cohesion and communication between members of the administrative team, which generated conflicts and decreased productivity. The methodology used in the study was quantitative-qualitative of a descriptive and field type, the non-experimental design, applying the deductive, inductive, analytical and synthesis method, included surveys and interviews with teachers and administrators and direct observation of work dynamics. The results revealed that a weak organizational culture translates into low staff motivation and commitment, affecting the quality of educational service. The findings indicated that implementing strategies to strengthen organizational culture, such as training workshops and integration activities, could improve communication and teamwork. The conclusions are that a solid organizational culture is essential to optimize administrative management and foster a positive work environment. The impact of this research lies in the need for the Quiteño Libre Fiscal Educational Unit to adopt measures that promote a more robust organizational culture, which will not only benefit the administrative staff, but will have an impact on the educational quality and the general well-being of the institution.
Keywords: Administrative audit, organizational culture, institutional strengthening.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0317
RESUMEN
La cultura organizacional en la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Quiteño Libre del cantón Jipijapa influye significativamente en su área administrativa, afectando tanto la gestión como el clima laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cómo los valores, creencias y prácticas compartidas dentro de la institución impactan en la eficiencia administrativa y en el desarrollo del personal. Se identificó un problema relacionado con la falta de cohesión y comunicación entre los miembros del equipo administrativo, lo que generaba conflictos y disminuía la productividad. La metodología empleada en el estudio fue de carácter cuanti-cualitativo de tipo descriptivo y de campo, el diseño no experimental, aplicando el método deductivo, inductivo, analítico y de síntesis, incluyó encuestas y entrevistas a docentes y administrativos y la observación directa de las dinámicas laborales. Los resultados revelaron que una cultura organizacional débil se traduce en una baja motivación y compromiso del personal, afectando la calidad del servicio educativo. Los hallazgos indicaron que la implementación de estrategias para fortalecer la cultura organizacional, como talleres de formación y actividades de integración, podría mejorar la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo. Las conclusiones que una cultura organizacional sólida es fundamental para optimizar la gestión administrativa y fomentar un ambiente laboral positivo. El impacto de esta investigación radica en la necesidad de que la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Quiteño Libre adopte medidas que promuevan una cultura organizacional más robusta, lo que no solo beneficiará al personal administrativo, sino que repercutirá en la calidad educativa y en el bienestar general de la institución.
Palabras claves: Auditoria administrativa, cultura organizacional, fortalecimiento institucional.
ABSTRACT
The organizational culture in the Quiteño Libre Fiscal Educational Unit of the Jipijapa canton significantly influences its administrative area, affecting both management and the work environment. The objective of this study was to analyze how shared values, beliefs and practices within the institution impact administrative efficiency and staff development. A problem was identified related to the lack of cohesion and communication between members of the administrative team, which generated conflicts and decreased productivity. The methodology used in the study was quantitative-qualitative of a descriptive and field type, the non-experimental design, applying the deductive, inductive, analytical and synthesis method, included surveys and interviews with teachers and administrators and direct observation of work dynamics. The results revealed that a weak organizational culture translates into low staff motivation and commitment, affecting the quality of educational service. The findings indicated that implementing strategies to strengthen organizational culture, such as training workshops and integration activities, could improve communication and teamwork. The conclusions are that a solid organizational culture is essential to optimize administrative management and foster a positive work environment. The impact of this research lies in the need for the Quiteño Libre Fiscal Educational Unit to adopt measures that promote a more robust organizational culture, which will not only benefit the administrative staff, but will have an impact on the educational quality and the general well-being of the institution.
Keywords: Administrative audit, organizational culture, institutional strengthening.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de noviembre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 23 de enero de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 12 de febrero de 2025
Ciberseguridad y protección de datos
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0381
ABSTRACT
Cybersecurity and data protection are fundamental pillars of today's digital ecosystem. This article presents a systematic literature review using the Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, with the aim of identifying the main trends, threats, and defense mechanisms in the field of cybersecurity and data protection. Forty-two scientific articles indexed in databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and SpringerLink between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. The results show significant growth in research on ransomware attacks and biometric authentication systems. This review provides an updated overview and identifies gaps in the literature for future research.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Data Protection, Prisma, Computer Security.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0381
RESUMEN
La ciberseguridad y la protección de datos son pilares fundamentales en el ecosistema digital actual. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de literatura utilizando la metodología Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), con el objetivo de identificar las principales tendencias, amenazas y mecanismos de defensa en el campo de la ciberseguridad y la protección de datos. Se analizaron 42 artículos científicos indexados en bases como Scopus, IEEE Xplore y SpringerLink entre 2018 y 2024. Los resultados evidencian un crecimiento significativo en investigaciones sobre ataques de ransomware, sistemas de autenticación biométrica. Esta revisión aporta un panorama actualizado y permite identificar vacíos en la literatura para futuras investigaciones.
Palabras claves: Ciberseguridad, Protección de datos, Prisma, Seguridad informática.
ABSTRACT
Cybersecurity and data protection are fundamental pillars of today's digital ecosystem. This article presents a systematic literature review using the Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, with the aim of identifying the main trends, threats, and defense mechanisms in the field of cybersecurity and data protection. Forty-two scientific articles indexed in databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and SpringerLink between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. The results show significant growth in research on ransomware attacks and biometric authentication systems. This review provides an updated overview and identifies gaps in the literature for future research.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Data Protection, Prisma, Computer Security.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 28 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2025
La evolución de los medios de pago en el comercio electrónico desde los sistemas tradicionales hasta las soluciones digitales
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0342
ABSTRACT
This study examined the evolution and transformation of digital commerce in Ecuador, analyzing its impact on the country's commercial landscape. A literature review methodological approach was adopted, utilizing the PRISMA-P systematic guide to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the academic literature. The primary objective was to identify the prevailing online payment and marketing trends. The results show that commerce through online transactions is a dynamic factor in the Ecuadorian economy, transforming traditional commercial payment practices into new forms of interaction through digital payments between businesses and consumers. Although digital commerce is still a relatively new phenomenon in the country, there are ongoing long-term changes across the structure and dynamics of different types of businesses.
Keywords: E-commerce; B2B; B2C; C2C; C2B; G2G; enterprise level, applications.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0342
RESUMEN
Este estudio analizó cómo el comercio digital en el Ecuador ha evolucionado y transformado el panorama comercial del país. Se adoptó un enfoque metodológico de revisión literaria, utilizando la guía sistemática PRISMA-P para realizar un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura académica. El objetivo principal fue identificar las principales tendencias de pago y comercialización online existentes. Los resultados muestran que el comercio a través de transacciones online es un factor dinamizador en la economía del Ecuador, convirtiendo las prácticas comerciales de pago tradicionales en nuevas formas de interacción a través de pagos digitales entre empresas y consumidores. Siendo que el comercio digital sigue siendo un fenómeno relativamente nuevo en el país, existen continuos cambios a largo plazo a través de la estructura y dinámica de los diferentes tipos de negocios.
Palabras claves: comercio electrónico; B2B; B2C; C2C; C2B; G2G; nivel empresarial; aplicaciones.
ABSTRACT
This study examined the evolution and transformation of digital commerce in Ecuador, analyzing its impact on the country's commercial landscape. A literature review methodological approach was adopted, utilizing the PRISMA-P systematic guide to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the academic literature. The primary objective was to identify the prevailing online payment and marketing trends. The results show that commerce through online transactions is a dynamic factor in the Ecuadorian economy, transforming traditional commercial payment practices into new forms of interaction through digital payments between businesses and consumers. Although digital commerce is still a relatively new phenomenon in the country, there are ongoing long-term changes across the structure and dynamics of different types of businesses.
Keywords: E-commerce; B2B; B2C; C2C; C2B; G2G; enterprise level, applications.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de junio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 29 de agosto de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2025
Discapacidad intelectual en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Educación General Básica y Bachillerato General Unificado del cantón Loja
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0363
Intellectual disability significantly affects learning ability in relation to chronological age. This limiting disability manifests itself in communication difficulties, behavioral problems, and problems with problem solving or understanding content. These limitations significantly affect a person's ability to respond to everyday situations. The research seeks to establish a connection between intellectual disability and the academic performance of students in General Basic Education and High School in Loja, Ecuador. The study sought to understand how intellectual disability affects student learning in order to improve their educational support. A mixed methodology was chosen to make the research more effective, allowing for deeper and richer data triangulation. A sample of students and teachers from the institutions examined was included. A validated survey was administered to participants by experts in the field. This methodological approach gathered valuable information about the learning experiences of students with intellectual disabilities. The study results reveal the limitations that teachers face in student learning, which need to be addressed to improve the overall well-being of students. It is crucial to consider the multiple dimensions of intellectual disability in education and family support for student development.
Keywords: Intellectual Disability, Special Educational Needs, Educational Policies.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0363
RESUMEN
La discapacidad intelectual afecta significativamente la capacidad de aprendizaje en relación con la edad cronológica. Esta discapacidad limitante se manifiesta en dificultades de comunicación, problemas conductuales y en la resolución de problemas o comprensión de contenidos. Estas limitaciones afectan significativamente la capacidad de una persona para responder a situaciones cotidianas. La investigación busca establecer una conexión entre la discapacidad intelectual y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de Educación General Básica y Bachillerato en Loja, Ecuador. El estudio buscó entender cómo la discapacidad intelectual afecta el aprendizaje de los alumnos para mejorar su atención educativa. Se eligió una metodología mixta para hacer la investigación más efectiva, permitiendo una triangulación de datos más profunda y rica. Se incluyó una muestra de estudiantes y docentes de las instituciones examinadas. Se aplicó una encuesta validada a los participantes por expertos en el área. Este enfoque metodológico recopiló información valiosa sobre las experiencias de estudiantes con deficiencias intelectuales en su aprendizaje. Los resultados del estudio revelan las limitaciones que enfrentan los docentes en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, las cuales necesitan ser abordadas para mejorar el bienestar integral de los alumnos. Es crucial considerar las múltiples dimensiones de la discapacidad intelectual en la educación y el apoyo familiar para el desarrollo de los estudiantes.
Palabras claves: Discapacidad Intelectual, Necesidad Educativa Especial, Políticas Educativas.
ABSTRACT
Intellectual disability significantly affects learning ability in relation to chronological age. This limiting disability manifests itself in communication difficulties, behavioral problems, and problems with problem solving or understanding content. These limitations significantly affect a person's ability to respond to everyday situations. The research seeks to establish a connection between intellectual disability and the academic performance of students in General Basic Education and High School in Loja, Ecuador. The study sought to understand how intellectual disability affects student learning in order to improve their educational support. A mixed methodology was chosen to make the research more effective, allowing for deeper and richer data triangulation. A sample of students and teachers from the institutions examined was included. A validated survey was administered to participants by experts in the field. This methodological approach gathered valuable information about the learning experiences of students with intellectual disabilities. The study results reveal the limitations that teachers face in student learning, which need to be addressed to improve the overall well-being of students. It is crucial to consider the multiple dimensions of intellectual disability in education and family support for student development.
Keywords: Intellectual Disability, Special Educational Needs, Educational Policies.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 10 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 28 de mayo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 02 de junio de 2025
Inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad: Un análisis desde la perspectiva del derecho laboral
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0365
This article analyzes the labor inclusion of people with disabilities from an international and national legal perspective, focusing on the regulatory frameworks that govern this right and the challenges facing their effective implementation. At the international level, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and ILO Convention 159 stand out as key instruments for promoting the right to work under equal conditions. In the Ecuadorian case, the incorporation of non-discrimination principles in the 2008 Constitution and the Organic Law on Disabilities (2012), which establishes a mandatory 4% labor quota for people with disabilities, is highlighted. The qualitative and documentary study identifies persistent barriers such as poor regulatory compliance, limited oversight, and the persistence of social stigma in the workplace. Despite a solid legal framework, both in Ecuador and internationally, the gap between the law and its practical application limits the effectiveness of labor rights for this group.
Keywords: People with disabilities, labor law, labor inclusion, discrimination, human rights, job accessibility.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0365
RESUMEN
El artículo analiza la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad desde una perspectiva jurídica internacional y nacional, centrando su atención en los marcos normativos que rigen este derecho y los desafíos en su implementación efectiva. A nivel internacional, se destacan la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (CDPD) de la ONU y el Convenio 159 de la OIT como instrumentos clave para promover el derecho al trabajo en igualdad de condiciones. En el caso ecuatoriano, se resalta la incorporación de principios de no discriminación en la Constitución de 2008 y la Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades (2012), que establece una cuota laboral obligatoria del 4 % para personas con discapacidad. El estudio, de carácter cualitativo y documental, identifica barreras persistentes como el bajo cumplimiento de la normativa, la escasa fiscalización y la permanencia de estigmas sociales en el ámbito laboral. A pesar de contar con un marco legal sólido, tanto en Ecuador como en el plano internacional, la brecha entre la norma y su aplicación práctica limita la efectividad de los derechos laborales de este colectivo.
Palabras claves: Personas con discapacidad, derecho laboral, Inclusión laboral, discriminación, Derechos humanos, Accesibilidad laboral.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the labor inclusion of people with disabilities from an international and national legal perspective, focusing on the regulatory frameworks that govern this right and the challenges facing their effective implementation. At the international level, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and ILO Convention 159 stand out as key instruments for promoting the right to work under equal conditions. In the Ecuadorian case, the incorporation of non-discrimination principles in the 2008 Constitution and the Organic Law on Disabilities (2012), which establishes a mandatory 4% labor quota for people with disabilities, is highlighted. The qualitative and documentary study identifies persistent barriers such as poor regulatory compliance, limited oversight, and the persistence of social stigma in the workplace. Despite a solid legal framework, both in Ecuador and internationally, the gap between the law and its practical application limits the effectiveness of labor rights for this group.
Keywords: People with disabilities, labor law, labor inclusion, discrimination, human rights, job accessibility.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 17 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 28 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Incidencia de las exportaciones de banano en la rentabilidad de las grandes empresas bananeras de la región Costa del Ecuador, período 2022-2024
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0384
ABSTRACT
This research analyzed the impact of banana export growth on the profitability of large banana companies in the Costa region of Ecuador during the period 2022–2024. The main objective was to identify the relationship between export growth and key financial indicators of these organizations, such as sales revenue, operating profit, net profit, assets, and equity. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope and non-experimental design, using official data from the Superintendency of Companies, Securities, and Insurance of Ecuador and the Central Bank of Ecuador. The results show that, although banana exports experienced sustained growth during the period analyzed, this increase did not translate proportionally into the profitability levels of large companies in the sector. Despite the strengthening of sales revenue and the increase in export volume, net and operating profits remained moderate compared to the size of assets and the level of operations. This situation highlights the existence of structural factors such as high logistics costs, low operational efficiency, and limited reinvestment capacity, which restrict the conversion of commercial dynamism into sustained economic benefits. The study concluded that, although bananas remain a pillar of Ecuadorian foreign trade and generate significant foreign exchange flows, their impact on the profitability of large export companies is conditioned by internal variables. It is recommended that these organizations strengthen their strategic planning, adopt technologies that improve the traceability and efficiency of the logistics chain, and encourage reinvestment in value-added processes. Similarly, it is suggested that the public sector implement policies that stimulate the competitiveness and sustainability of the sector. The findings provide relevant empirical evidence to guide decisions in a key segment of the national productive apparatus.
Keywords: banana, export, income, sales.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0384
RESUMEN
La presente investigación analizó la incidencia del dinamismo exportador del banano en la rentabilidad de las grandes empresas bananeras de la región Costa del Ecuador durante el período 2022–2024. El objetivo principal fue identificar la relación entre el crecimiento de las exportaciones y los indicadores financieros clave de estas organizaciones, tales como ingresos por ventas, utilidad del ejercicio, utilidad neta, activos y patrimonio. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y diseño no experimental, empleando datos oficiales provenientes de la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros del Ecuador y del Banco Central del Ecuador. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, si bien las exportaciones de banano experimentaron un crecimiento sostenido en el período analizado, dicho incremento no se tradujo de manera proporcional en los niveles de rentabilidad de las grandes empresas del sector. A pesar del fortalecimiento de los ingresos por ventas y del aumento en el volumen exportado, las utilidades netas y del ejercicio se mantuvieron moderadas en comparación con el tamaño de los activos y el nivel de operaciones. Esta situación evidencia la existencia de factores estructurales como altos costos logísticos, baja eficiencia operativa y limitada capacidad de reinversión, que restringen la conversión del dinamismo comercial en beneficios económicos sostenidos. El estudio concluyó que, aunque el banano se mantiene como un pilar del comercio exterior ecuatoriano y genera importantes flujos de divisas, su impacto sobre la rentabilidad de las grandes compañías exportadoras es condicionado por variables internas. Se recomienda a estas organizaciones fortalecer su planificación estratégica, adoptar tecnologías que mejoren la trazabilidad y eficiencia de la cadena logística, y fomentar la reinversión en procesos que agreguen valor. Del mismo modo, se sugiere al sector público implementar políticas que estimulen la competitividad y sostenibilidad del sector. Los hallazgos proporcionan evidencia empírica relevante para orientar decisiones en un segmento clave del aparato productivo nacional.
Palabras claves: banano, exportación, ingresos, ventas.
ABSTRACT
This research analyzed the impact of banana export growth on the profitability of large banana companies in the Costa region of Ecuador during the period 2022–2024. The main objective was to identify the relationship between export growth and key financial indicators of these organizations, such as sales revenue, operating profit, net profit, assets, and equity. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope and non-experimental design, using official data from the Superintendency of Companies, Securities, and Insurance of Ecuador and the Central Bank of Ecuador. The results show that, although banana exports experienced sustained growth during the period analyzed, this increase did not translate proportionally into the profitability levels of large companies in the sector. Despite the strengthening of sales revenue and the increase in export volume, net and operating profits remained moderate compared to the size of assets and the level of operations. This situation highlights the existence of structural factors such as high logistics costs, low operational efficiency, and limited reinvestment capacity, which restrict the conversion of commercial dynamism into sustained economic benefits. The study concluded that, although bananas remain a pillar of Ecuadorian foreign trade and generate significant foreign exchange flows, their impact on the profitability of large export companies is conditioned by internal variables. It is recommended that these organizations strengthen their strategic planning, adopt technologies that improve the traceability and efficiency of the logistics chain, and encourage reinvestment in value-added processes. Similarly, it is suggested that the public sector implement policies that stimulate the competitiveness and sustainability of the sector. The findings provide relevant empirical evidence to guide decisions in a key segment of the national productive apparatus.
Keywords: banana, export, income, sales.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2025
Estrategias de intervención temprana para mejorar la competencia matemática en niños de educación inicial
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0326
Learning mathematics in early education is fundamental, since it promotes effective learning in this area. Thus, the objective is to identify the activities that promote essential mathematical skills in children from 3 to 5 years of age. To achieve this objective, a qualitative methodology was used, based on an exhaustive analysis of previous research on pedagogical interventions focused on mathematics teaching. These results revealed that play activities, the use of manipulatives and curricular integration are key tools to facilitate mathematical learning at this stage. Playful activities, such as mathematical games, not only help in the acquisition of mathematical skills, but also promote social interaction and collaboration. Aspects that are relevant for their formation. The use of manipulatives, such as blocks and beads, allows children to visualize and understand abstract concepts, helping them to establish connections between the concrete and the abstract. On the other hand, the integration of this subject in other areas was also identified as an effective strategy. Finally, it was found that teacher training is crucial to implement these strategies effectively in the classroom, since adequate training allows for the improvement of mathematical competencies.
Keywords: Mathematical competence, teaching, intervention strategies, early education, improvement proposal.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i15.0326
RESUMEN
El aprendizaje de matemática en educación inicial es fundamental, ya que impulsa un aprendizaje efectivo en esta área. Es así, que se plantea como objetivo el identificar las actividades que fomentan habilidades matemáticas esenciales, en niños de 3 a 5 años. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, que se basa en un análisis exhaustivo de investigaciones previas sobre intervenciones pedagógicas enfocadas en la enseñanza matemática. Estos resultados revelaron que las actividades lúdicas, el uso de manipulativos y la integración curricular son herramientas clave para facilitar el aprendizaje matemático en esta etapa. En donde las actividades lúdicas, como juegos matemáticos, a más de ayudar a la adquisición de habilidades matemáticas, promueven la interacción social y la colaboración. Aspectos que son relevantes para su formación. En cuanto al uso de manipulativos, como bloques y cuentas, permite a los niños visualizar y comprender conceptos abstractos, ayudándoles a establecer conexiones entre lo concreto y lo abstracto. Por otra parte, la integración de esta asignatura en otras áreas, también se identificó como una estrategia efectiva. Finalmente, se encontró que la formación docente es crucial para implementar estas estrategias de manera efectiva en el aula, pues la capacitación adecuada permite mejorar las competencias matemáticas.
Palabras claves: Competencia matemática, docencia, estrategias de intervención, educación inicial, propuesta de mejora.
ABSTRACT
Learning mathematics in early education is fundamental, since it promotes effective learning in this area. Thus, the objective is to identify the activities that promote essential mathematical skills in children from 3 to 5 years of age. To achieve this objective, a qualitative methodology was used, based on an exhaustive analysis of previous research on pedagogical interventions focused on mathematics teaching. These results revealed that play activities, the use of manipulatives and curricular integration are key tools to facilitate mathematical learning at this stage. Playful activities, such as mathematical games, not only help in the acquisition of mathematical skills, but also promote social interaction and collaboration. Aspects that are relevant for their formation. The use of manipulatives, such as blocks and beads, allows children to visualize and understand abstract concepts, helping them to establish connections between the concrete and the abstract. On the other hand, the integration of this subject in other areas was also identified as an effective strategy. Finally, it was found that teacher training is crucial to implement these strategies effectively in the classroom, since adequate training allows for the improvement of mathematical competencies.
Keywords: Mathematical competence, teaching, intervention strategies, early education, improvement proposal.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 21 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025