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Understanding of a Veiled Illness: Evaluation of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome awareness (PCOS) in Young Female Students of Karachi.
Full text linkIntroduction: PCOS is a major endocrinological syndrome that affects females and impairs hormonal stability thus having an impact on the normal functioning of some body systems. This has affected 6-20% of the female population of reproductive age and hence its diagnosis is important.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study. A total of 151 females were enrolled; after signing an informed consent form, females were asked a few questions about their general health, comorbidities, and generalized menstruation history. The last part of the questionnaire contains common signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian disease to assess awareness. The data was analyzed in the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 2021.Result: The participants were asked about 7 signs of PCOS. 9.3% (n=14) were facing irregular periods, heavy bleeding was experienced by 16.6% (n=25) participants. Facial hair growth has occurred in 13.2% (n=20) of participants. 15.2% (n=23) had oily scalp and dandruff. Participants were also asked if they were aware of some major risk factors of PCOS. 15.9% (n=24) knew that PCOS can cause infertility, and 7.3% (n=11) said PCOS causes Anovulatory cycles. 41.7% knew that lifestyle modification can help reduce adverse effects of the syndrome.
Conclusion: the majority of study participants indicated decreased awareness of PCOS and its major risk factors, Hence there is a dire need for awareness as it is rather ignored
Seasonal And Regional Effects of Air Quality Index on Hematological Indices of Dogs Under Local Environmental Conditions In Pakistan
Full text linkAir pollution is found to have significant association with living health all over global world. Environment Protection Department of Punjab, Pakistan provides the monthly air quality index (AQI) data on air pollution with concentrated particulates like PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3. Air particulates concentrations may vary of season, regional geography and climate. We performed blood sampling of 45 dogs from different breeds (Labrador retrievers, German shepherds and Pit bulls) from three different areas categorized on basis of AQI as less polluted (Gulberg), polluted (Town Hall) and highly polluted (Shadman) in winter and spring seasons. Data were analysed using paired sample t-tests for seasonal study and independent sample t-tests for area and breed study by SPSS (P < 0.05 ascertained as significant). Seasonal study resulted that less polluted area had no significant effects on hematological indices in any three breeds of dogs in both seasons. Polluted area was presented with increased significant effects on values of monocytes in Labrador retrievers, Hct and MCHC in German shepherds while decreased significant effects on MCH value in Pit bulls in winter season as compared to spring season. Highly polluted area had significant effects with decreasing WBC counts only in German shepherds in winter season than spring season. This study concludes that polluted and highly polluted areas in winter season with worst AQI affects blood indices more than spring season in dogs
Understanding of already known fact: Evaluating frequency and determinants of Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy
Full text linkIntroduction: Sporadic presentation of hydatidiform has been reported previously as 1 in 1000 pregnancies. In rare cases asymptomatic molar pregnancies can cause problems if not identified in early radiological investigations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of hydatidiform (molar pregnancy) presenting with associated symptoms, analysis of determinants and management in Sindh, Pakistan. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, patients were divided into categories according to maternal age, gravida while Beta HCG values were reported along with radiological investigation reporting to confirm hydatidiform molar pregnancy. Statistical package of social science version 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Total 51 patients were identified with hydatidiform molar pregnancy during study period of 12 months from more than 1000 full term reported pregnancies, indicating 5.1% prevalence of disorder. The diagnosis has been confirmed only 1 (1.9%) case of partial molar pregnancy while 50 (99.1%) were complete molar pregnancy cases, managed by suction evacuation method, risks factors of hydatidiform molar pregnancy with advanced maternal age, recurrent molar pregnancy and positive family history the odds ratio has indicated positive association between first two determinants with OR of 1.71 and 1.21 respectively. Conclusion: Overall recorded frequency of hydatidiform in our institute is 5.1% within 1 year. Advanced maternal age and previous history of molar pregnancies are risk factors of hydatidiform
Powdery Mildew A Disease of Grapes And The Fungicides Mode of Action: A Review
Full text linkPowdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr. is one of the widespread fungal diseases of grapes that have caused economic losses through poor fruit set and low yield substantially. To decrease the inoculum potential, a disease management program must be undertaken early in the season which is imperative to reduce late-season disease problems. Because, without early control of the infection of powdery mildew, often lead to severe problem in the late season. Elemental sulfur was the foremost antifungal utilized for the control of powdery mildew which is still in use as an effective and cheap fungicide for vineyards. Sterolbiosynthesis inhibitors (SI), also called SI fungicides, are the latest products to control powdery mildew effectively. For efficient use of fungicides with no or less resistance to the pathogen, it is appropriate to spray fungicides having different mechanisms of action which are specific in function, and for more efficacy, use a mixture of such fungicides that have no harmful impact on plant growth and environment. So, for effective control of powdery mildew, a protective spray of fungicide before bloom and a subsequent spray of systemic fungicides at the time of berry formation ensure healthy and higher grapes yield. This paper reviewed the powdery mildew infection in grapevines and its effect on yield losses with details of fungicides’ mechanism of action and newly developed fungicides having broad spectrum activities
Gynaecological Complications in General Surgery Unit: A Single-Center Study
Full text linkIntroduction: This study aims to investigate the frequency of gynecological complications reported during emergency and elective general surgeries. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, data were collected retrospectively, approximately 500 patients went through surgical management in the general surgery department while only 125 reported associated issues requiring surgical management and required gynecological interventions. Data was entered & analyzed using SPSS version 22. Frequency and percentage were calculated for quantitative variables such as presenting complaints, reported gynecological issues, required intervention, and reported associated problems. Results: A total of 125 patients were enrolled in the study with the most commonly reported presenting complaint being pain with the vaginal discharge with vomiting documented in 72(57.5%) of patients. Puss discharge from wounds, peritonitis, and abdominal swelling were other frequently reported issues in 14(11.2%), 11 (8.7%), and 11 (8.7%) patients respectively. 98(78%) were discharged after successful management of gynecological as well as general surgical problems, 25(20%) were referred to tertiary care health care setup for more appropriate care and 1(1%) had a burst abdomen. Only 1 (1%) out of 125 patients expired during the study period. Conclusion: Gynecological complications have been markedly reported in the general surgery unit, necessitating general surgeons to intercede and deliver significant benefits in terms of lowering morbidity, mortality, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view
Effective role of olive oil use on lipid profile, blood pressure and blood glucose in subjects of metabolic syndrome
Full text linkStudy was taken with an object to investigate the role of oil extracted from olives on lipid profile, blood pressure and glucose level in subjects having metabolic syndrome. A total of 115 subjects of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, aged between 20-40 years were included. Lipid profile, blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were performed at base line. 30ml of olive oil per day in divided doses 15 ml in the morning and 15 ml in the evening was given to these subjects for six weeks. Then lipid profile, blood pressure and fasting glucose level were performed and compared with base line values. Significant decrease was observed in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, all P values < 0.01. Nonsignificant low level of fasting blood sugar was observed. Significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at P value < 0.01 was observed. It is concluded that use of olive oil caused improvement in lipid profile and blood pressure measurement in metabolic syndrome subjects significantly while nonsignificant decrease was observed in fasting blood glucose
Risk of COVID-19 infection and severity of clinical outcomes and its association with ABO blood groups
Full text linkObjective: To determine association of ABO blood groups with severity of COVID-19 symptoms among covid recovered patients of different blood type. Methodology: An observational/experimental study was conducted at department of physiology, Sindh university Jamshoro from April 2021 to December 2021.The sample size (n) was 732, data consist of male and female covid recovered participants of age group 18-30yrs. Self -structured questionnaire was used to evaluate intensity of symptoms of COVID 19 and for other characteristics such as gender and age. Blood was drawn for ABO blood typing. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS- 21.Results: Seven hundred thirty two was the total study population of COVID-19 recovered patients, out of which male population was 489 (66.9%) and female population was 243 (33.1%).The results reports that there is statistically significant association present between the A +ve blood type and susceptibility of COVID-19 infection, whereas AB +ve and A +ve shown higher percentage of severe infection. Blood group B +ve with (48%) with less severe symptoms. O +ve people shown mild symptoms that is 60% of entire O+ve population and 30% are presented with severe symptoms.Conclusion: This study suggests that A +ve blood group is susceptible blood type with high chances to get infection. People having A +ve and AB +ve blood types are more susceptible towards severe COVID 19 infection in comparison to other blood types, O +ve blood shown rather protective effect
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in urban and rural areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Full text linkBackground: CVDs are a major public health concern in Pakistan. The major CVD risk factors are age, gender, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. However, prevalence and risk factors associated with population of urban and rural Hyderabad are unexplored. This study was set up to study CVD among population of Hyderabad. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 304 participants living in the urban and rural areas of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Out of 304, 161 were men and 143 were women with age range from 30 to 70 years. Data was collected through interview based questionnaire. Weight and height were measured for calculation of BMI. Systolic Blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was measured using sphygmomanometer. Biochemical analysis was carried out for the assessment of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low density Lipoproteins (LDL) using standard kit methods. Ethical consent obtained before collection of data. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Hyperlipidemia was highly prevalent CVD risk factor particularly increased LDL 61.2%, followed by hypertension 46.8%, Obesity 14.8% and hyperglycemia 8.8%. Except hyperlipidemia, which was higher in women 63.6%, men had higher prevalence of obesity 17.4%, hypertension 48.4% and hyperglycemia 9.3%. Participants from urban area had higher prevalence of hypertension 47.3%, hyperglycemia 9.7% and hyperlipidemia 62.4%. However, Obesity was slightly higher 16.6% in rural population. Conclusion: This study indicates Men had higher prevalence of CVD risk factors, and according to geographic location, urbanized population based higher prevalence of CVD risk factors
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and academic activities of university students: A cross sectional study from Pakistan.
Full text linkIntroduction: Mental health is essential for wellbeing. Mental health issues may affect the lives of students in several ways. COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of students. Previously conducted studies from Pakistan have just focused on prevalence of mental health problems and such studies could not relate the mental health problems with academic activities. The objective of this study was to associate COVID-19 affected mental health with academic activities among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during month of April 2021 at university of Sindh, Pakistan. After obtaining informed consent form study participants a pretested questionnaire was distributed to collect demographic and mental health data. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress. Cronbach’s alpha value for DASS-21 was 0.84. Results: Among total of 400 study participants, 49% were females and 51% were males. The mean age of study participants was 20.9±1.06 years. Overall prevalence of mild to severe stress, anxiety, and depression was 14.8%, 10.5% and 18.8% respectively. Among demographic factors female having less amount for pocket money was associated with increased prevalence of stress and anxiety respectively. Academic factors such as unable to focus, difficulties in completing assignments and facing internet connectivity problems were associated with increased prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression. Conclusion: COVID-19 have negatively impacted the mental health of university students. There is need of chalking out scientific strategies to launch psychosocial support programs for students to teach them coping skills against mental health problems