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Comparison Of Lung Function Tests Between Healthy And Asthmatic Individuals: Comparison of Pulmonary Functions Tests
No full textBackground: Comparison of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were achieved between asthmatic case and Controls. Materials & Methods: Case-control study conducted at Baqai Medical University (50 cases and 50 control). PFTs in both the participants were estimated by spirometry; FEC, FEV1 and their ratios were estimated. Results: According to the findings all spirometric values were lower in asthmatic patients as compared to healthy subjects. Moreover the asthamatic subjects had lower lung values when compared with healthy subjects. Conclusion: The current study evaluated spirometric values in asthmatic patients in Gadap area. This study's findings can be applied to the treatment of asthma in people of all ages
Safety Measures for Operating Team and Operation Theater During the Current Scenario of COVID-19
Full text linkThe COVID-19 has become a major threat to Pakistan and worldwide, and has become a significant issue for global health, economy and societies. This rapid spread was occurred from Wuhan, China to most of the part of the world. To elaborate the concept and recommendations regarding the safety precautions in operation theater (O.T) and inside associated team during the current scenario of COVID-19. Many research and review articles were studied to collect information about Covid-19 and strategies published in various journals using the search engine, PubMed and Medline. The COVID-19 has significantly changed all aspects of daily life around the world since very start of this year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), a novel corona virus, has been infected many healthcare workers. In this perspective, hospitals need a strategy to manage their resources, staff and supplies so that patients receive optimal treatment. A decision tree algorithm was developed that defined the recommendations for safety measures in operation theater and operating procedures, these include identifying and developing an isolation room, administrative measures such as transformations in working flow and procedures, introducing personal protective equipment for the employees and formulating anesthetic clinical guidelines. These control actions are essential to enhance the excellence of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to minimize the risk of spread to other patients or staff. The operating room is a dynamic environment with numerous staff like anesthesiologists, physicians, nurses, O.T attendants and technicians; however, we agree that the containment steps are important in order to improve the standard of treatment provided to COVID-19 patients and to minimize the chance of viral spread to patients other than COVID-19 and hospital staff
ABO Blood Groups And Their Link With The Risk of Pre-Eclampsia
Full text linkABO blood group antigens have been identified as pathological agent in different disease conditions. For some time, the association of blood group with pregnancy associated conditions like pre-eclampsia is extensively under debate. Preeclampsia is a distressing condition of pregnancy which commonly causes maternal and fetal mortality around the globe. Multiple risk factors are found to be associated with preeclamptic occurrence. In this study our aim was to delineate a specific blood group which could be implicated as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi and retrieved obstetric data including blood group was from medical record files of 368 patients. Obtained data was analyzed by IBM SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of B group was recorded to be 41.3% as compared to O (26.1%), A (22.8%) and AB (9.8%). So, it can be concluded that women having blood group B are more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Blood grouping of pregnant women in early weeks of pregnancy could assist in prediction or better management of pre-eclampsia
Genetic Variations of Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor Gene With Premenstrual Syndrome Among Pakistani Menarcheal Girls: A Pilot Study
Full text linkThe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) comprises various physical and emotional symptoms which are associated with the menstrual cycle. The emotional changes might be due to the variation in the levels of BDNF especially lower levels of plasma BDNF may be present at the luteal phase of menstrual cycle. To date, no data were present to associate the link between BDNF gene polymorphism and PMS among young Menarcheal females. So, the goal of this investigation is to find out the possible relationship between BDNF gene polymorphism and PMS among young Menarcheal females of Pakistan. A total of 92 menarcheal girls with age range of 11-14yrs met the inclusion criteria. All participants were screened for the depression and PMS using Zung’s depression scale/ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM IV) criteria and world health organization (WHO) criteria for PMS respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral samples by Salting out method and BDNF genotyping was done using PCR-RFLP analysis. Results showed no significant association (χ2=1.685, p-value=0.431) was observed between BDNF genotyping and PMS among menarcheal girls. BDNF (rs6265) AA and GA genotypes did not show significant association with the risk of PMS. Hence, it was concluded that BDNF gene polymorphism may not be associated with the PMS among Pakistani Menarcheal girl
Diabetic Neuropathy And Its Correlation With Vitamin D3
Full text linkoai:ojs2.biosight.org:article/1The purpose of this study was to determine neurotransmitter and vitamin D3 levels in both men and women. Fifty healthy middle-aged men and women of 41.17 ± 9.6 and 42 ± 9.59 years respectively were selected. They have no known disease. While 50 male and female diabetic patients with an average age of 55.5 ± 14.92 and 47.87 ± 10.81 years were selected respectively. Anthropological data, including age, weight and length, were recorded in both controls and patients. To test the hypothesis of study relationship between vitamin D and neurotransmitters was analyzed in both groups. The statistical significance was taken at the p-level <0.05. The diabetic patients had neuropathy for 3 to 5 years with high HbA1c. Age and gender do not significantly affect neuropathy in diabetes. The average standard deviation of vitamin D3 is significantly lower in those having diabetic neuropathies, 12,448 ± 3,519 ng / ml (SD), which is not 24,958 ± 5,419 ng / ml, and was compared with vitamin D3 neuropathy in patients who did not have diabetes. (p <0.01). This analysis has shown that the neuropathy of diabetes is strongly linked to vitamin D3 after including confusion such as "Duration of diabetes and HbA1c". In patients with diabetes, the effects of vitamin D3 on neuropathy and the need for further studies ensure that there is a delay in preventing the dose of vitamin D3 or in the onset of neuropathy due to diabete
Stress, Dietary Habit And Physical Activity Express Progression Of Metabolic Syndrome In Adult
Full text linkBackground: Metabolic syndrome is an array of disorders characterized by dyslipidemia (Increased TG, and decreased HDL level in circulation), high blood pressure, abdominal obesity and Insulin Resistance. As multiple factors are involved in the onset and progression of this syndrome, it is vital to consider and evaluate those multi-array risk factors independently and in association with chronic diseases.
Objective: To evaluate the risk factors which are associated for progression of metabolic syndrome in young adults.
Methodology: This case-control study was conducted among adults of University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan during January 2015 to December 2015. The participants of this study were aged between 16 to 25 years. They were divided into two groups, Control and metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects. International Diabetes Federation Criteria was used to diagnose Metabolic Syndrome in participants. Fasting Blood sample was taken for Fasting plasma glucose, Fasting plasma insulin, High density Lipoprotein, Triglyceride and Cholesterol estimation. Homeostatic Model Assessment Calculator version 2.2 was used for better understanding of Beta cell Function and Insulin sensitivity. Stress score was determined by Holmes Rahe Life Stress Inventory Scale, while data on Physical Activity Level and Food Intake were recorded through well-defined questionnaire. For statistical analysis, Pearson Chi square Test of independence, Independent t-test and Binary logistic Regression were used. P-Value <0.05 were used as significant.
Result: Anthropometric indices including body mass index and waist circumference were found to be significantly different among groups (p-value <0.05). FPG, HDL, TG, VLDL and stress score were significantly high, while Percent Beta, Percent Sensitivity were significantly low in MetS subjects. SBP, DBP, Pulse pressure, Pulse Rate, FPI, HOMA-IR, CHO and LDL were found to be insignificant. Large number of patients were consuming moderate to High level of fat subsisting a sedentary lifestyle. Stress, sedentary life style and fat consumption were shown as significant risk. While FPI and SBP were insignificant predictor of TG and FPG in MetS patients.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that, young adults of Pakistani population are at high risk of MetS due to involvement of Stress, Sedentary style of living and high amount of fat consumption. According to IDF criteria fluctuation of WC, FPG, TG and HDL level were found in patients. Along with significantly high BMI, VLDL and low Percent Beta, Percent Sensitivity were found as dominant characters which were altered in youngadults with MetS. No significant changes were observed in SBP and DBP in our result
Association of Some Demographic Factors with Undiagnosed Neuromuscular Insufficiencies; A Survey Report
Full text linkTo investigate the factors that may contribute to develop Neuromuscular insufficiencies in the general population of Karachi like age origin, occupation, kind of work, daily water intake, daily working hours and exposure time to various screens etc. Questionnaire-based survey. 150 individuals ranging between 15-65 years were interviewed with the help of a self-designed questionnaire. The data was analyzed statistically by using Microsoft Excel. Neuromuscular indications and difficulties were positive in 79% of the interviewed individuals. A major number of subjects complained to have different neuromuscular insufficiencies including, body pain (68%), joint pain (42%), numbness (42%) and muscle weakness (63%). Some of the participants reported to suffer with the difficulties in walking (13%), running (25%), holding (7%) and muscular strength (9%). However, only 29% of these sufferers were formerly diagnosed with any neuromuscular disease with18% had a family history of neuromuscular disorders. Remaining i.e., 71% are those who have not been diagnosed with any disorder and they were suffering with these symptoms. Among these un-diagnosed participants 53% had consanguineous marriages among their parents. Those, who were reported to have any of the neuromuscular problem includes: 26% students, 31% office workers, 11% labours and 33% housewives. An important factor that has appeared to contribute mainly in the development of neuromuscular insufficiencies is the time for exposure to screens like TV, Computer, Cell phone etc. Among these undiagnosed participants who were suffering with neuromuscular problem(s), 93% are being exposed to these screens for more than 5 hours a day. Another most important factor was appeared to be the daily water intake as most (88%) of those individuals’ daily water intake was less than 10 glasses per day. Back pain was the major complaint observed through this data which seems to be related with prolonged inappropriate posture
Seasonal Physiological & Biochemical Responses of Three Medicinal Halophytes From Karachi University Campus
Full text linkThree medicinally important halophytes: Cyperus rotundus L., Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss. and Lasiurus scindicus Forssk., were chosen from Karachi University campus to explore seasonal physiological and biochemical responses. Seasonal and diurnal water potentials (Ψ) showed a great variation among species. Pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD) was higher before and after rains in all test species than the mid-day water potential (ΨMD) corresponding to the soil matric potential (Ψsoil), electrical conductivity (EC) as well as % soil moisture (SM). Lasiurus scindicus had lowest ΨPD & ΨMD in comparison to C. rotundus and D. scindicum before rainfall. Similar trends were observed for osmotic potential (ΨS) of all species. Both ΨMD & Ψs substantially increased in D. scindicum and L. scindicus after rainfall, whereas, C. rotundus showed no significant change and this species also maintained highest turgor (ΨP). Leaf stomatal conductance (gS) was higher in C. rotundus while proline (PRO) in D. scindicum before rain. Leaf PRO decreased while gS increased after rains and this increase was 3 fold in D. scindicum. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) were higher than potassium (K+) in all species before rain with maximum values in D. scindicum. In general Na+ and Cl- decreased while K+ increased in all species after rain. Total soluble sugars (TSS) were consistently higher in C. rotundus while D. scindicum maintained higher Na+ and Cl- even after rains compared to other species. The differences in ecophysiological responses owing to differences in life forms suggest the existence of plant species in different habitats