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Improving Pea Growth and Nutrient Efficiency in Calcareous Soils through the Synergy of Organic Amendments and Chemical Fertilizers
Full text linkIntroduction Soil fertility in Pakistan is hindered by insufficient and unstable organic matter, leading to stagnation and a decline in overall agricultural productivity. Methodology A pot study was conducted in 2018-19 comprised of four treatments including T1 = Recommended NPK fertilizer, T2 = NPK+FYM, T3 = NPK + Poultry manure, and T4 = NPK + Plant residue based on Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and was replicated thrice. Result The results exhibited significant differences in peas’ growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency across the organic amendments. Among them, the higher plant height (70.63 cm), pod length (9.37 cm), and pod yield (158.63 g pot-1) was observed in T3 followed by T2. Regarding nutrient concentration and uptake, both T2 and T3 treatments elevated leaf tissue levels of N (4.76% and 5.03%), P (1.01% and 0.98%), and K (2.27% and 2.31%). These values were statistically comparable, accompanied by higher but non-significant P uptake (0.61 and 0.67 g pot-1) and K uptake (1.13 and 1.21 g pot-1) for the respective treatments. Further, higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency (49.4, 5.20, and 42.0%) were recorded in T3 followed by T2. Together with that significantly positive correlation between soil properties and pod yield was found which reflects the nutrient-supplying power of soil under organic amendments. Conclusion Consequently, it is suggested that the joint utilization of organic additives of any source and chemical fertilizer is necessary for increasing yield and nutrient use efficiency over sole chemical fertilizer application in calcareous soils
Association of vitamin D deficiency to ophthalmological complication Diabetic Retinopathy in T2DM patients from Hyderabad
No full textIntroduction: Vitamin D is recognized to have a significant relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Many researches support this verification. Diabetic retinopathy is main leading root cause of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy pretense the financial and social implication. With immediate intervention, diabetic retinopathy-related visual loss can be prevented and/or treated. Different risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy have been found. Vitamin D has recently been linked to an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in those with type II diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency affects people of all ages in various nations. While a number of studies have linked vitamin-D deficiency to diabetic retinopathy, other researches have shown no connection between diabetic retinopathy and vitamin D deficiency. Investigate vitamin D deficiency on ophthalmological complication diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients from Hyderabad. Methodology: The data was collected with non-probability selective sampling which carried out at Sindh institute of ophthalmology & visual sciences(SIOVS) Hyderabad . Records of patients collected by questionnaire from February 2022 to may 2023.Results: A total of 300 patient records to carried out for investigation during the research period. The entire subject grouped in to NPDR and PDR. Vitamin D in DR patients with mean and (SD) (15.60 ± 3.88) with the NPDR mean (15.61 ± 3.77) and in PDR patients mean (15.52±40.99). Male the average of vitamin D was 15.56 ng/ml and in Female vitamin D average was 15.30 ng/ml. Conclusion: There is an association between diabetic retinopathy and low levels of vitamin D in type II diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D involved in progression of diabetic retinopathy
Assessment of CT-KUB as A Diagnostic Tool for Renal Stone Assessment in the Pediatric Population
Full text link Introduction Pakistan possesses a larger stone burden in paediatric patients. In the paediatric population, proper and timely diagnosis of renal stones to get the best stone-free rates is essential. This study aims to assess CT-KUB as a diagnostic tool for renal stones in the paediatric population before PCNL. Methodology This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients between 1 – 15 years with a diagnosis of renal stones were included in the study. Radiological investigations including Ultrasound KUB, X-ray KUB, and before the procedure, CT-KUB were documented. Pre-operative, per-operative, and postoperative complications are used to assess the success of the procedure. The statistical package of Social Sciences 22 was used to enter, sort, and analyze the data. Variables were analyzed in mean ± standard deviation and frequency and percentages. The chi-square test was used to assess the significance of mean differences keeping the p-value as ≤ 0.05. Results The mean age was 4.7 ± 3.8 years with a range of 1 -14 years. After the procedure, 104 (86.6%) were rendered stone-free after the first setting. Only 1 (0.8%) was converted to an open case (Pyelolithotomy). The mean stone size encountered was 1.3 ± 0.7 cm in greatest dimension as measured on the CT scan. Postoperatively, there was a hemoglobin drop of 2.3 ± 0.5 g/dl noted, mean operative time was 94.8 ± 17.4 minutes. Conclusion CT KUB proves to be an important and accurate preoperative diagnostic tool in assessing patients with renal stones in the paediatric population
Surah Al Fatiha Induced Betterment of Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Levels of PCOS: Evidence from Clinical Trials
Full text linkIntroduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an endocrinal disorder comprising multiple signs and symptoms that are associated with hormonal imbalance. The intervention was administered to subjects who were reluctant to go for pharmacological intervention. Methodology The designed study was intended to evaluate the effect of Surah Al Fatiha in combating PCOS pathology. Inclusion of females was from teenage to 45 years of age. Rotterdam criteria were used to diagnose 7 PCOS cases, while 7 healthy controls were recruited from the Mamji Hospital in Karachi's gynecology department. Surah Al Fatiha exposure was given to all the subjects. Exposure commenced on second day of subject’s menstrual cycle (three times daily) till the subsequent menstrual cycle started. Surah Al Fatiha, a pre-recorded version by ‘Qari Mishary Rashid Alafasy’ was used in this study. Biochemical parameters were monitored and evaluated before and after the Surah Al Fatiha therapy. Results revealed significantly decreased levels of hormones in PCOS afflicted females after Surah Al Fatiha exposure. Insulin and TSH were restored to their normal levels while rest of the hormones though decreased but were in normal range prior to the exposure of intervention. Conclusion Surah Al Fatiha exposure induces serenity and reduces stress, thus inducing normalization of TSH, decreased IR and in turn regularizing the menstrual cycle
Investigating The Molecular Aspects of Theileria Annulata In Naturally Infected Animals, Alongside A Mention of Tick Distribution In Hyderabad And Karachi
Full text linkIntroduction: The Theileria annulata is a haemo protozoan parasite that causes economically significant fatal tick-borne diseases in domesticated and wild animals. Methodology: The research focused on identifying Theileria annulata infection in both cattle and buffalo through molecular methods. To achieve this, DNA extraction was conducted using whole blood samples, followed by the design of specific primers for Theileria annulata and subsequent PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. Results: Data were also collected on tick infestation and host-parasite relationship. A total of 2400 Cattle and Buffaloes were evaluated during the study. District-wise detection indicated that the highest rate of infected samples was recorded from Peri-Urban (Cattle=88.33%, Buffalo= 61.94%) and Urban areas (Cattle=65.38%, Buffalo=54.10%) of district Hyderabad, while the lowest rate was recorded from Peri-urban (Cattle=24%, Buffalo=17.9%) and Urban (20.38%, Buffalo=16.66%) areas of district Karachi, Month wise detection of Theileria annulata indicated the highest rate in July (Cattle= 74.0%, Buffalo=47.5%) and the lowest rate in December (Cattle=11.7%, Buffalo=18.1%). The prevalence of parasitic infection showed a notable increase (P<0.05) in the areas of the Suburban region than in Cityscape areas. Conclusion: In the molecular identification of Theileria annulata, the infection rate exhibited a notable difference between District Hyderabad and District Karachi, with a higher prevalence in the former and a lower incidence in the latter. Additionally, cattle displayed greater susceptibility to tick infestation in comparison to buffalo
Analysis of Mucosal- Associated Invariant T Cell Levels And Their Correlation With Tumor Immune Status In Patients With Brain Tumors
Full text linkIntroduction: Primary brain tumors refer to a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from cells within the CNS, and can be benign or malignant. In recent years, experimental evidence suggests that, despite the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lack of discrete lymphoid tissue, there are immunocompetent cells (TILs-Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) within the brain parenchyma. Many of these cells are T-Lymphocytes known as CD8+ Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which proliferate with stimulation, and are cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro. To evaluate the frequency of unconventional MAIT cells in the setting of brain tumors by expression analysis of their three defining markers CD3D, KLRB1 (CD161) and a TCR a-chain variant Va7.2 (TRAV1-2 gene). Methodology: The study involved collecting EDTA blood samples and fresh brain tissue biopsies from selected population followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis for measurement of relative expression analysis in blood and tissues samples. Expression data was generated by semi-quantitative real time PCR. Results: The outcome of this study demonstrated higher expression level of CD3D, KLRB1 (CD161) and a TCR a-chain variant Va7.2 (TRAV1-2 gene) in the blood of patients compared to the tissue samples showed little to no transmigration of these MAIT cells in the diseased tissues. Also, the expression of genes under-investigation was observed decreasing in both blood and tissue samples with the progression of tumor. Conclusion: MAIT cells might undergo depletion in the tumor micro-environment due to chronic activation induced exhaustion of these cells
Use of Cystoinflation to Prevent Urinary Tract Injuries in Patients with Placenta Previa
Full text linkIntroduction: There is insufficient evidence to support the use of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness and safety of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. Methods: The study was conducted at Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, lady Willing-don hospital, Lahore for six months duration . The research was conducted by forming two groups. Women in Group-A (inflated urinary bladder) had significantly lower bladder injury as compared to women in Group-B (deflated urinary bladder). i.e. 1.9% vs. 11.32%, p-value=0.050. Results: Homeostatic sutures requirement was significantly higher in Group-B as that of Group-A. i.e. 15.1% vs. 18.9%, p-value=0.604 Duration of hospital stay showed no significant difference between groups. i.e. 96.2% patients in Group-A and 88.7% patients in Group-B discharged from hospital within 3-4 days. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, women presenting with placenta previa had significantly lower incidences of bladder injury as a result of cystoinflation during cesarean section
Frequency And Risk Factors For Developing Surgical Site Infection In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital
Full text linkIntroduction: Surgical site infections are the most common nosocomial infections worldwide and are also the common problem in developing countries. The impact of its prevalence contributes to morbidity and mortality and therefore the need to determine its prevalence is necessary. Finding out the prevalence of surgical site infections and the frequency of risk variables for surgical site infections in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital in Karachi is the aim of this study. Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out from February 22, 2022- August 22, 2022 at the Abbasi Shaheed Hospital in Karachi with a sample size of 157 subjects with abdominal surgery fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results: In our study, the mean age, length of operation and BMI were 49.87±8.74 years, 2.14±1.87 hours, 29.72±3 respectively with 61.1% of female and 38.9% male subjects. Out of 157 patients, 22 (14%) and 135 (86%) had and did not have surgical site infection. Conclusion: Patients and the healthcare systems are both heavily impacted by the effects of SSIs. A comprehensive strategy addressing pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables is necessary for the prevention of SSI. In order to lower SSI, hospital infection control procedures should be developed in conjunction with the establishment of an ongoing, long-term surveillance system to detect risk factors
Comparison of hormones levels in response to OGTT between healthy and newly diabetic subjects.
No full textIntroduction With an epidemic of diabetes, pathophysiological role of insulin, glucagon and incretin secretion and insulin resistance (IR) can be obtained by intermediate measures to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). To compare hormones levels in response to oral glucose tolerance tests and related biochemical parameters between healthy and newly diagnosed diabetics (NDD). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Karachi University-Pakistan with collaboration of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi-Pakistan and Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka-Japan from March 2019 to May 2020. Baseline details were noted on predesigned questionnaire. Blood samples for baseline parameters and hormones were obtained during OGTT. Results Out of 34 participants, 17 were NDD and 17 were healthy subjects. The study found rise in insulin levels at fasting and decreased at 30 and 60minutes in NDD subjects when compared with healthy subjects. It was found that glucagon levels were increased at 30 and 60 minutes, GLP-1 at 0 and 60 minutes in NDD group in comparison to healthy subjects. Higher HOMA IR and lower HOMA-β were observed in the NDD group. Insulin levels were significantly associated with age and RBC in NDD subjects. Moreover, levels of GLP-1 were significantly correlated with cholesterol, LDL, HDL and non-HDL, while GIP with age, LDL and non-HDL in NDD subjects. Conclusion Pattern of insulin, glucagon and incretins levels with HOMA-IR and glucose metabolism sensitivity indexes during an OGTT strongly predict development of T2DM
Efficacy of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy In Treating Lower Pole Stones of 1-2 cms
Full text linkIntroduction Urologists are always inclined to find techniques with minimal complication and hospital stays with maximum stone-free rates to mitigate not only health concerns but financial burdens too. PCNL is known as the gold standard for large stones, however, RIRS is known for its less invasive and minor complications. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the public hospital of Jamshoro. Patients with renal stones located at the lower pole, measuring 1-2 cm were included. Patients were evaluated before enrollment and detailed history was taken. Intraoperative and post-operative details were documented. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data, and to assess significance chi-square test was used, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age was 42.7 ± 12.8 and 43.2 ± 13.2 in the RIRS and PCNL groups respectively. The RIRS group showed 07 (17.5%) partial clearance cases while PCNL group showed 02 (5%). Hemoglobin drop was measured as minimal (< 2.5ml) and excessive (>2.5ml) after surgery, and only 01 (2.5%) cases of RIRS had excessive blood loss, PCNL group had higher hemoglobin drop cases with 3 (7.5%) cases. Blood transfusion was required in 1 (2.5%) and 2 (5%) cases in the RIRS and PCNL groups respectively. Conclusion RIRS can be beneficial in small stones while PCNL can be an ideal procedure for lower pole renal stones of 1-2 cm size