Revistas Científicas da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
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Global FRAND-Licensing by EU National Courts: The Winner Asks Them All? – On Global SEP Disputes and International Jurisdiction
Get PDFMany legal questions are currently being discussed in the – globalized – world of enforcing standard essential patents (SEP). However, one important question is often overlooked: Who decides on these SEP issues and on what basis? In other words: Are alternative dispute resolution mechanisms the (only) solution for global FRAND disputes or are courts of law the proper avenue to decide these cases? If so, which court has or should have jurisdiction over the dispute? At the moment, national courts of different nationalities (can) consider themselves competent to rule on the same FRAND matter. This leads to forum shopping, to a race to the courts and to parallel proceedings. Parties are fighting to secure jurisdictions for a judicially determined portfolio FRAND licence by seeking anti-suit-injunctions or anti-anti-suitinjunctions (and so on). Courts are fighting for sovereignty by issuing anti-suit-injunctions or anti-anti-suit-injunctions (and so on). There are cross-border constellations and conflicts of jurisdiction. Therefore, legal scholars are demanding comity from the national courts and wishing for an international FRAND tribunal. Before establishing an entirely new tribunal, however, it is necessary to discuss the instruments that are already in place to solve conflicts of jurisdiction: International civil procedure law and principles of international jurisdiction. In this article I point out the challenges arising from the large number of national courts that have international jurisdiction for the same global FRAND dispute. From a German perspective, which is strongly shaped by EU law, I describe how these challenges are currently addressed in international civil procedure law and propose a different de lege lata approach. Then, I briefly examine the expected impact of the UPCA on global FRAND disputes. Since the impact will be minimal, I discuss new approaches to address the remaining challenges
O concurso de responsabilidade civil – Ensaio sobre o concurso das modalidades delitual e obrigacional de responsabilidade civil, por António Barroso Rodrigues
Get PDFArquitetura religiosa em contexto colonial: igrejas em Angola e Moçambique (1950-1970)
Get PDFThis article aims to analyze and interpret five churches designed during the 1950s and 1960s in Angola and Mozambique. They are exemplary works not only in their response to the tropical climate or in the renewal of the space of the sacred in the relationship between art and architecture, but also fundamental in the construction of public space and as equipment for fixing the population. Today, in a post-colonial context, it is important to reflect on the legacy of these works, heirs of the Modern Movement in these African countries.Este artigo pretende analisar e interpretar cinco igrejas desenhadas durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960 em Angola e Moçambique. São obras exemplares não apenas na sua resposta ao clima tropical ou na renovação do espaço do sagrado na relação entre arte e arquitetura, mas pela importância que tiveram na construção do espaço público e como equipamentos de fixação de população. Hoje, num contexto pós-colonial, importa refletir sobre o legado destas obras herdeiras do Movimento Moderno nestes países africanos
Les pratiques théologiques en europe de l’est : l’exemple de la Roumanie
Get PDFThe article presents the current status of the study of theology in Romania. On the one hand, it addresses the institutions and the organization of teaching and research in Theology, in the context of various academic institutions, especially Faculties of Theology at state universities; on the other hand, it addresses the most recent challenges for theological teaching and research, particularly in the context of an increasingly secularized society that demands new ways of thinking about theology and applying it in pastoral practice.L’article présente la situation actuelle de l’étude de la théologie en Roumanie. D’une part, il aborde les institutions et l’organisation de l’enseignement et de la recherche en théologie, dans le contexte de diversesinstitutions académiques, notamment les facultés de théologie des universités d’État ; d’autre part, il aborde les défis les plus récents pour l’enseignement et la recherche théologiques, en particulier dans le contexte d’une société de plus en plus sécularisée, exigeant de nouvelles façons de penser la théologie et de l’appliquer dans la pratique pastoraleO artigo apresenta a situação do estudo da teologia na Roménia atual. Por um lado, aborda as instituições e a organização do ensino e investigação em Teologia, no contexto das diversas instituições académicas, sobretudo Faculdades de Teologia em universidades estatais; por outro lado, aborda os desafios mais recentes para o ensino e a investigação teológicos, nomeadamente no contexto de uma sociedade crescentemente secularizada, a exigir novos modos de pensar a teologia e de aplicar na prática pastoral