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Using Decision Tree Algorithms in Detecting Spam Emails Written in Malay: A Comparison Study
Get PDFEmails have become the most economical and fastest communication
forms. However, during the past few years, the increment of email users has
dramatically increased spam emails. Various anti-spam techniques have been
developed to minimize if not eliminate the spam problem. In this paper, we study
the disparity in the effectiveness of using different decision tree algorithms in
email classification and combat spam problems. For that, we have chosen
Universiti Utara Malaysia emails as a case study. To achieve the best possible
classification accuracy, we compared all chosen algorithms' performance, which
are Random Forest, LMT, Decision Stump, J48, Random Tree, and REP Tree.
The experimental results showed that the Decision Stump algorithm is more
effective to be used in classifying the emails, and the F-measures, Precision, and
recall score for the Decision Stump algorithm are higher than the other
comparison algorithms
Breastfeeding practices among working mothers at the workplace in Erbil city: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground and objective: Breastfeeding is a fundamental human activity, essential to child and maternal health, and of massive economic value to societies and households. This study aimed to determine breastfeeding practices among working mothers in Erbil city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 12 primary health care centers in Erbil city from 19 January 2020 to 10 December 2020. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit the sample of the study (600 mothers). A questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: A total of 600 working mothers with children 1-2 years of age who attended the selected primary health centers were included in this study. Most participants (58.8%) were in the age group 30-39 years old. The majority of mothers (69.7%)were working in the public sector, while 32% were working in hospitals. Only 66 participants were breastfeeding their child in the workplace, so the prevalence of breastfeeding among working mothers at the workplace was 11%. Only 100 participants (16.7%) reported having a nursery in their workplace. Regarding the impact of the workplace on breastfeeding, 42% of women were breastfeeding in places with a nursery. Breastfeeding is more common among mothers working in public places (13.9%) than mothers working in private sectors (4.4%) (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of breastfeeding among working mothers with children 1-2 years of age is low. The availability of supporting facilities significantly impacts breastfeeding practices among working mothers
Influence of Nano-/Microfiller Addition on Mechanical and Morphological Performance of Kenaf/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Hybrid Composites
Get PDFNatural-based composite’s progress as carriers has revealed many benefits in biomedicine, notably in the construction field, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering. Compared to analogous composites without nanoparticles, incorporating nanoparticles into polymeric materials improved architectural performance, physiological connections, and ecological features. The major goal of the current investigation is to determine the impact of nano-/micro-TiO2 on the mechanical characteristics of kenaf/glass/epoxy hybrids. The samples have been created using a hand layup method and a variety of filler loading and stacking sequences. The addition of nano-/microfiller significantly improved the mechanical performance of the epoxy/hybrid composite material. It was discovered that nanofiller-added composite materials fared better when composites were compared to and without microfilter-added composites. SEM was used to investigate the microstructure of the interfaces to ensure a good understanding of interfacial adherence between the reinforcement and their matrix. Compared to pure epoxy resin, the 15 wt% of microfiller additions of glass-kenaf-kenaf-glass type composites exhibit a 39.48% improvement in tensile and a 42.88% improvement in flexural. Similarly, 5 wt% nanofiller addition reveals a 44.214% improvement in tensile and a 50.50% improvement in flexural
From a commodity to addiction: Are mobile phones valuable commodities or sources of addiction for freshman students?
Get PDFMobile phone use has increased exponentially on a global scale in all segments of society since the rise of the first mobile phones in 1970s. Although a wealth of research has been conducted to measure the effects of mobile phones on individuals, a few studies have been carried out to make a connection between similes and mobile phone use. In this respect, this study examined habits of students on mobile phone use through similes at a private university located in Erbil, Iraq. Students employed food, drink, household items and people to illustrate their mobile phone dependence rate. A questionnaire, a survey and an interview were adopted to gather data. The data which were collected by employing a mixed method design were analyzed through MAXODA software program and SPSS 25. The findings of the study uncover that mobile phone are indispensable in their lives with varying reasons to take advantage of them. Additionally, students have unsubtle plans to reduce their daily usage by channeling their energy to social activities. The findings of this study can have some implications to acknowledge negative points of mobile phone use and adopt realistic strategies to break mobile phone addiction on adults systematically
Development of Guar Gum-Pectin-Based Colon Targeted Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Xanthohumol
Get PDFPresent study deciphers development of oral polysaccharide-based colon targeted solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) of xanthohumol (XH). Several studies have shown that XH has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that it could be a good candidate for the treatment of colorectal diseases (CRD). Despite its potential, XH has a low aqueous solubility. As a result, its bioavailability is constrained by the dissolution rate. The liquid (L)-SNEDDS was constituted using Labrafac PG as oil, Tween 80 as surfactant and Transcutol P as co-surfactant. The L-SNEDDS was then adsorbed onto the surface of guar gum and pectin and developed into S-SNEDDS powder. Ternary phase diagram was used to optimize the process of developing L-SNEDDS. The formulation showed mean droplet size of 118.96 ± 5.94 nm and zeta potential of −19.08 ± 0.95 mV and drug loading of 94.20 ± 4.71%. Dissolution studies carried out in medium containing rat caecal contents (RCC) represented the targeted release of S-SNEDDS powder. It was observed that S-SNEDDS showed less than 10% release XH in initial 5 h and rapid release occurred between the 5th and 10th hour. Results of cytotoxicity studies revealed good cytotoxicity of XH loaded S-SNEDDS for Caco2 cells as compared to raw-XH
Pharmacophore Synergism in Diverse Scaffold Clinches in Aurora Kinase B
Get PDFAurora kinase B (AKB) is a crucial signaling kinase with an important role in cell division. Therefore, inhibition of AKB is an attractive approach to the treatment of cancer. In the present work, extensive quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) analysis has been performed using a set of 561 structurally diverse aurora kinase B inhibitors. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines were used to develop a QSAR model that has high statistical performance (R2tr = 0.815, Q2LMO = 0.808, R2ex = 0.814, CCCex = 0.899). The seven-variable-based newly developed QSAR model has an excellent balance of external predictive ability (Predictive QSAR) and mechanistic interpretation (Mechanistic QSAR). The QSAR analysis successfully identifies not only the visible pharmacophoric features but also the hidden features. The analysis indicates that the lipophilic and polar groups—especially the H-bond capable groups—must be present at a specific distance from each other. Moreover, the ring nitrogen and ring carbon atoms play important roles in determining the inhibitory activity for AKB. The analysis effectively captures reported as well as unreported pharmacophoric features. The results of the present analysis are also supported by the reported crystal structures of inhibitors bound to AKB
A novel heat recovery for a marine diesel engine with power and cooling outputs; exergetic, economic, and net present value investigation and multi-criteria NSGA-II optimization
Get PDFOwing to the marine environmental pollution affected by cruises, the use of techniques to mitigate carbon dioxide emission (CO2) is vital. Since a quarter of the fuel energy input to the engine is lost, waste management for marine diesel engines can provide some valuable outputs by which the need for other energy conversion-based methods disappears. Hence, the current work proposes a novel model of waste heat recovery for a 1 MW marine diesel engine in a low-temperature framework by which outstanding results are predictable. The defined auxiliary model consists of an absorption power cycle and an ejector refrigeration cycle to produce useful electricity and cooling for air conditioning. This model is designed for the first time and comprehensively analyzed and optimized to set the most suitable state of operation. The potential of the model is measured through the exergy, environmental, economic, and net present value standpoints. Moreover, an advanced evolutionary algorithm based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is applied to reach the optimum cost and exergetic performance. The optimum state showed an exergy efficiency of 35.19 % and products’ specific cost of 53.01 $/GJ. Moreover, the optimum payback period and CO2 emission reduction equal 6.79 years and 21.5 kg/MWh, respectively
A review on the role of miR-671 in human disorders
Get PDFmiR-671 is encoded by a gene on 7q36.1 and contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders, including diverse types of cancers, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, liver fibrosis, osteoarthritis, Parkinson’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, acute myocardial infarction and Crohn’s disease. In the context of cancer, different studies have revealed opposite roles for this miRNA. In brief, it has been shown to be down-regulated in pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Yet, miR-671 has been up-regulated in glioma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies in breast, lung and renal cell carcinoma have reported inconsistent results. The current review aims at summarization of the role of miR-671 in these disorders focusing on its target mRNA in each context and dysregulated signaling pathways. We also provide a summary of the role of this miRNA as a prognostic factor in malignancies
The state of kurdish language through public policies in Turkey after 1980
Get PDFMaking of public policies is a process through which the state determines relevant topics for the sake of its citizens and implements them. In Turkey, the public policies about Kurdish language after 1980 are outstanding such that the actors of coup d’état eagerly embraced the former idea of nation state which theoretically requires one common language in the borders of the given country. In parallel with this notion, the soldiers, who are the impeccable followers of Kemalist idea, put much pressure on local languages in Turkey, especially Kurdish language. They made some laws and forbade other languages than Turkish. But later, the conservative governments reigned in Turkey which had different ideas about this topic. As they got the opportunities, they made use of them so as to improve the situation for that language. The conservative governments handled this topic in the realm of freedom and human rights and created different public policies, so the adventure of Kurdish Language followed a much different track under different governments. This is a qualitative study, and the data were compiled from the related literature and evaluated accordingly
Darcy flow and heat transfer of nanoliquid within a porous annulus with incorporating magnetic terms
Get PDFCurrent investigation was carried out to analyze the treatment of nanomaterial within a domain which experienced magnetic force. Outer rhombus wall is cold and the inner circle has uniform heat flux and due to these conditions, carrier fluid rotates counterclockwise. Darcy law was used for simulation and Joule heating was neglected in equations. Influences of parameters were discussed in plots and contours and CVFEM has been employed to reach such outputs. Rotational core becomes stronger with the rise of Ra while opposite results have been accomplished with the soar of Ha. In cases with higher values of shape factor, Nu has higher values and a similar trend is reported for Rd. Moreover, Nu experiences 30% reduction when Ha augments. This negative impact becomes more sensible when radiation terms are added in equations. Inclusion of nano powders has a favorable impact on Nu although it has a negative impact on temperature gradient