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Zinc Oxide NPs as Solar Photo-Catalysis for Water Disinfection
Get PDFZinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been revealed to be a photocatalytic prospect owing to
the truth that they are cost-effective. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly
utilized in sunscreens as inorganic physical sun blockers. However, ZnO is more operative in UVA (315-
400 nm) range and TiO2 in the UVB (280-315 nm) range. The combination of these particles assures a
broad-band UV protection. However, to solve the cosmetic drawback of these opaque sunscreens, microsized TiO2 and ZnO have been increasingly replaced by TiO2 and ZnO NPs. In many cases ZnO NPs can
be counted as an effective replacement of TiO2 NPs, however, the former has a lower cost. This review is
firstly focusing on the photo-degradation procedures using ZnO NPs. Secondly, there are numerous
methods that have been used to enhance the photo-response of zinc oxide nano-structures. Additionally,
with the high efficiency of the photocatalytic response of ZnO NPs, it has been shown that it can be
obtained with the appropriate choice of the required nanostructures regarding the synthesis technique
and also the correct photocatalytic system. ZnO NPs is a vital material for numerous industrial usages.
ZnO has been found to be effective in various strains of microorganisms, and numerous research articles
on this area are evidence of its potential as antimicrobial agent
Limnological Study in Upstream and Downstream Degala Basin Water Body within Erbil City-Iraq
Get PDFThe Degala Basin is one of the water reservoirs in the heart of the
Degala sub-district, roughly 50 kilometers east of Erbil City. Samples
were collected monthly from different sites of Degala Basin during
October 2020 to August 2021 to determine physicochemical and
biological properties EC, TDS, Chloride, Na, K, Ca hardness, total
alkalinity, nitrate, and DO, pH, total hardness, Mg hardness, and Sulfate.
The statistical analysis of the data revealed that there were significant
differences in physico-chemical parameters between the two sites, with
high significant relationships for (EC, TDS, chloride, Na, K, Ca hardness,
total alkalinity, nitrate, and DO) and low significant relationships for
(pH, total hardness, Mg hardness, and Sulfate) at the (p ≤ 0.05) for all
parameters studied different algal species obtained from all sampling
sites in Degala basin revealed the presence of a variety of algal species.
There is small change in the pH value during the observation period
among upstream, basin and downstream. Different genera of algae
found in Degala basin
An Evaluation of Positive and Negative Aspects of Educational Games: A Case Study in Erbil Brayaty Primary School
Get PDFIn the educational processes, games are generally handled with their positive aspects. Particular
attention has been given to games in the literature, especially because of their motivating and instructive
aspects to students. However, in this study, attention was drawn to some negative aspects of games along with
their positive aspects. The positive and negative aspects of the games were discussed together with 2 games
applied to primary school 5th grade students. The instructive aspect of the games has been revealed by the
tests and evaluations. On the other hand, its negative aspects were determined by the observations made in
the game and the thoughts of the teacher
Examining the effect of agency cost on capital structure-financial performance nexus: empirical evidence for emerging market
Get PDFDespite the long history of testing agency theory, it is yet standing undefeated. This study examines the relationship between capital structure and firm performance in an emerging economy, Iraq. Moreover, it seeks to find an answer for the question “does agency cost moderates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance?” in the case of a developing industrial sector. Data was collected from published financial statements from the Iraqi Stock Exchange. The study sample consists of several companies from industrial sector listed on ISX over the period 2004–2020. Firm performance is measured using both accounting data and market indicator. Agency cost is measured through operating expense ratio and asset utilization ratio. Testing for short-term and long-term parameters between groups, pooled mean group estimation method is used for data analysis. The results manifest evidence to support agency theory in explaining the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. Moreover, strong interactions are found indicating that agency cost has a considerable impact on the capital structure and firm performance association, that is, agency cost moderates the relationship between capital structure and firm performance. These results are robust checking various methods and diagnostics checks. These results are key evidence from an emerging country, Iraq to support the agency theory arguments. The results provide significant insights for managers of the sector particularly for the current rapid development in the sector
The effect of international relations on democratization of Turkey between 2002-2010 during justice and development party rule
Get PDFDemocratization takes place under different conditions in every country. The social structure and that of state play important roles, and there are many other internal and external factors for this process. Turkey also went through different phases for democratization processes. This is a qualitative study and formed by reviewing related literature and evaluating. It focuses on external factors between 2002 and 2010 because there was a struggle and long-lasting conflicts between secular elites and conservative democrats during this time. With the help and encouragement of European Union (EU), Justice and Development Party governments were able to eliminate the status quo inherited from 1980 military coup. Although democratization of Turkey proceeded with the effect of many different factors, the effect of international relations in this era was priceless for the governments of that time. Especially Turkey’s candidate process to membership of EU enforced conditionality by these countries. Even more the ruling party consented to democratize. Under the control of them, Turkey made a relatively smooth transition to more democratic state
Phytochemical And Pharmacological Evaluation Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Amaranthus Viridis Linn
Get PDFInfectious disease are the major cause of morbidity and mortality and thus a serious public health problem in developing countries. Despite the arsenal of antibiotics available, the situation is worsening due to emerging drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a major issue these days due to extensive use or misuse of antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need to find some new interventions. Amaranthus viridis Linn (Family: Amaranthaceae) is commonly known as“chowlai”is acommonwild vegetable andiswidely grow in gunderawi derange of climatic conditions and has been utilizedasa medicin alherbin traditional ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammation, diabetic, asthma, leprosy, cancer etc. Amaranthus viridis Linnincludes various biologicallyactive constituents such as saponin, tannin, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides,steroid and triterpenoids. This,medicinalplantsis a sourceformanypharmaceutical drugs and indicated in many infections and diseases.The design of this study was to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical contents and toanalyse thephytocompounds present in the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Amaranthus viridisLinnby using Liquid chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and in-vitro evaluationsare need edto exploreagains tpatho genicmicroorganism. Preparation of Amaranthus viridis Linn. Leaves extract using ethanol and water (80:20), followed by preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract, estimation of phenolic content and mass determination with LCMS, and evaluation of in vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anthelmintic activity. Based on the findings of our studies, we conclude that hydro alcoholic extract of Amaranthus viridis Linn has potent anthelmintic, antifungal and antibiotic activity attributed to the presence of an secondary metabolite flavonoids (quercetin).It was confirmed by analyzing the phytocompounds by LC-MS and compared with total phenolic content identified by UV Visible spectroscopy shows that highest amount of flavonoids (quercetin) present in the Hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus viridis Linn. However, further studies need to be carried out to investigate the molecular mechanism of the secondary metabolite
Students' perceptions of the general english proficiency test: A study on Tishk International University students in Erbil, Iraq
Get PDFLanguage Proficiency exams are run globally in different formats to assess students` performance at all stages. Accordingly, standardized or institution-based proficiency exams are common at higher education institutions to determine students` level and overall ability. This study was conducted in 2022-2023 Academic Year over a span of 4 weeks to examine the perceptions of prospective students who want to study in different faculties and departments of Tishk International University in Iraq. One thousand students were chosen as the sample by adopting convenience sampling method. The purpose of this study was to figure out prospective students` genuine opinions on revised Tishk International University General English Proficiency Exam. The students took the exam run by Tishk International University, Language Preparatory School and expressed their opinions about the exam through the interview. The findings revealed that watching movies, reading books, joining some training programs, following the news and TV programs in English affected their performance positively, whereas setting other priorities, focusing on other subjects rather than English, not studying well in advance, unable to manage the time and stress affected their results adversely. Additionally, the students stated once more that incorporating some of the questions from their grade 12 English textbook with those from the Cambridge Proficiency Exam 1 boosted their motivation to achieve high marks on the test. The findings of this study may have some implications for future studies related to English language proficiency tests
Nigeria’s Vulnerability to Global Oil Dynamics and Politics
Get PDFThe paper analysed global oil dynamics and politics and their implications for Nigeria’s development. It adopted systems theory as its theoretical framework and employed the qualitative method as its methodology, in which face-to-face interview was used in obtaining primary data from relevant respondents alongside secondary data from relevant academic works. The paper found out that Nigeria has been negatively affected by the changing dynamics of international petroleum politics, particularly by the fall in global oil prices, as Nigeria depends heavily on oil earnings to meet its budgetary provisions for national development. This is further compounded by mismanagement of the accrued oil wealth before the collapse of oil prices and increased geopolitical tension. Nigeria should without further delay, diversify its economy away from oil to other viable and less volatile sectors, such as agriculture and solid minerals, manufacturing, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), aviation services and so on, alongside the strengthening of its bargaining power in global petroleum politics, particularly in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), availing itself of the advantage of its leadership position in OPEC and the political leverage it has as a strategic actor in international oil politics
Effect of Bichamber Piston Geometry with Cerium Oxide as Additive on Sardine Biodiesel
Get PDFHigh viscosity and low volatility are the major concern for the process of combustion.The combustion of biodiesel has an inbuilt draw back owing to its viscous nature and voltatile behaviour. In this work the modification of the chamber design is explored. The combustion chamber is altered with a meager level of modified design in order to enhance the efficiency of the mixture. The sardine oil methyl ester is used in this work with the addition of cerium oxide as a nano ingredient at a size of 25 ppm. The performance and emission chanracteristics is analysed in this work. A comparative study is done on sardine oil methyl ester with addition of nano particles. It is identified and both the performance and emission charactersitics is done with CI Engine. It is identified that the nano particles addition. The combustion of fuel after burning and reduction in exhaust gases emission value can be achieved by adding the nano particles
The Impact of Job Satisfaction and Employee Empowerment on Loyalty Amongst the Employees, Case of A Private University in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Get PDFCurrently, some researchers claim that job satisfaction, employee empowerment, and employee
loyalty are related to each other. This research aims to investigate if that theory holds true in the
case of a private university in Erbil. A quantitative method following the Deductive approach to
theory development was used to create a questionnaire as a method of data collection that measured
job satisfaction, employee empowerment, and loyalty. It was sent out to 300 employees via the
official email of the university, and the researchers received 68 responses. Then the sample
answers were used to calculate the results. The researchers used a reliability test (Cronbach Alpha),
correlation, descriptive analysis, and linear regression analysis. The research results revealed that
Employee Empowerment and Job satisfaction significantly affect employee loyalty in the case of
the private university in the Kurdistan region or Iraq