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AGRIBOT: Energetic Agricultural Field Monitoring Robot Based on IoT Enabled Artificial Intelligence Logic
Get PDFIn these modern days agriculture is one of the major concern to take out from the loss and need to be improvised in next level of production ratio. The latest technologies such as Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence are associated with many applications to improve the standards as well as provide a drastic support to customers to achieve their communication needs. In this paper, a new agricultural robot is designed called as agriBOT, in which it is used to monitor the entire agricultural field and the associated crops in an intelligent manner by using Artificial Intelligence logic. The agriBOT has a provision to act like a drone to survey all fields in an intelligent manner. This provision allows the robot to move in all fields even the crops are in so dense, in which the agriBOT is integrated with many smart sensors to monitor the crop details well such as Soil Moisture Level Identifier, Crop Leaf Image Accumulator, Rain Identification Sensor and Surrounding Temperature level Identification Sensor. These sensors are associated with the proposed agriBOT to make the robot as powerful and robust in association with Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) strategies. The Internet of Things is used to carry the local sensor data from the agriBOT to the remote server for processing as well as the data available into the remote server can easily be monitored by the respective farmer from anywhere in the world at any time. The alert is utilized over the proposed agriBOT to pass the emergency condition alerts to the respective farmers instantly as well as the Global Positioning System (GPS) is utilized to retrieve the location details of the crop and report that to the server immediately by using IoT. This paper introduced a new machine learning strategy to analyze the server data, in which it is called as Modified Convolutional Neural Scheme (MCNS). This approach of MCNS provides the facility to predict the climate conditions and the associated crop details instantly based on the data which is collected already and stored into the server. With the association of these two strategies made the proposed approach of agricultural field monitoring system too robust and efficient to analyze the crop related details as well as the plant lea disease is also identified by using this approach based on the images captured by the agriBOT in an intellectual manner. All these details are experimentally tested and the resulting section provides the proper proof for the mentioned things
Contributions of Enlightenment Movement to Modern Education
Get PDFThe Enlightenment is an intellectual movement that emerged as a result of several centuries of processes in Western Europe. The main purpose of this movement is to save people from the tutelage and immaturity. In fact, where the process in which people use their own minds begins, the history of humanity underwent radical changes with the influence of other movements. In the environment where human societies and the systems that serve the society, underwent great changes, the education sector also went through the same processes. Post-enlightenment education, as a requirement of the main argument of enlightenment, was personalized and focused on the development of the individual. Educational models after this process have been in the understanding of educating people who are democratic, secular and fulfill their responsibilities towards their society and state. In addition, different philosophies and approaches in education emerged during this period. Contrary to previous periods, education has spread to the whole society and has been determined as a right that everyone will benefit equally
Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 on Higher Education in Iraq
Get PDFDuring the covid-19 outbreak in Iraq, the higher education sector faced many obstacles, and this
research examined how remote learning and other relevant technologies, platforms, and other internet
ramifications helped to keep this vital sector going during the new standard era. Students and lecturers will
also be given a look at ways to overcome the drawbacks of using these technologies in this paper. The Corona
pandemic (COVID-19) had a significant impact on Iraqi education, which was transformed through the
implementation of e-learning in an effort to reduce the risk of the coronavirus infecting students. Remote
learning and its associated technologies, platforms, and other online consequences helped sustain Iraq's vital
higher education industry during the covid-19 pandemic while also providing insight into the issues
encountered by the sector during the new normal era. This paper will also address the difficulties, benefits,
and drawbacks of educators and students using these technologies, as well as possible solutions
Prevalence of Secondary Caries Around Posterior Restoration
Get PDFBackground: Secondary caries is defined as lesions at the margins of existing restorations and is considered as a major reason for
their replacement which, if it is left undiagnosed it may lead to loss of vitality of a tooth with many factors contributing to it.
Aims of the Study: The present study aims to determine the prevalence of secondary caries around posterior restorations in patients
attending Tishik Dental Hospital University in Erbil city/Iraq.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 61 patients with a total of 113 posterior restorations that are older than one
year. Information regarding the presence or absence of secondary caries was noted with the age of the restoration, their types are
based upon an extension of the restoration and the restoration material being used either amalgam or composite.
Statistical analysis was done using a t-test for difference and a chi-square test for relations.
Result: Prevalence of secondary caries was found to be (53%) among the understudy patients, restorations in the lower arch showed
the highest prevalence, class II restorations had the highest prevalence, Amalgam restorations had a higher occurrence of secondary
caries more than composite restoration, which had an age average of less than five years.
Conclusion: Restorations located in the mandible, especially the first molars, showed the highest prevalence of secondary caries,
restorations involving the occlusal with the proximal margins had the highest prevalence, their occurrence was highest in restora�tions being in a period of less than five years
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows of BRICS Countries for Pre-Pandemic Period and during Pandemic Crisis
Get PDFIn the summit held in 2009, the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India China, and South Africa decided to identify themselves as a formal institution, and BRICS was declared as a formal institution in the year 2010. According to the UNCTAD report, these nations are identified as favored destinations for investments in FDI (Supachai, 2009). BRICS countries being recognized for their plenary FDI are also facing difficulty in attracting FDI inflows due to pandemic crises. FDI boosts entrepreneurship and is a great source of employment to millions. Thus there is a necessity to focus on the growth of FDI Inflows. The main purpose of this research is to study the growth trend of Foreign Direct Investment inflows of Brazil, Russia, China, India, and South Africa. The Study concentrated on seven years’ data (2014-2020) of FDI inflows collected from the statistics published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The data were analysed using Trend Percentages, CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate), Mean Scores, ANOVA, and LSD Post Hoc test. The results of the analysis showed that China bags the first rank in attracting FDI and South Africa stands last in attracting FDI among BRICS countries. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference in the FDI inflows amongst BRICS Countries
The trauma of no-choice: Wild food ethnobotany in Yaghnobi and Tajik villages, Varzob Valley, Tajikistan
Get PDFDue to global change and the migration crisis both needing rapid attention, there has been growing debate about the drivers of change in the diet of migrants. Our study aimed to evaluate the consequences of forced resettlement on local ecological knowledge related to wild food plants among forcefully resettled Yaghnobi people in Tajikistan. We conducted 49 semi-structured in-depth interviews and recorded 27 wild food taxa and five unidentified folk taxa used by Yaghnobis and Tajiks in the villages surrounding Yaghnob Valley (including families ressetteled from Yaghnob Valley) in central Tajikitsan. The comparision between the two considered groups showed a high level of Tajikisation among Yaghnobis, both those who live alongside Tajiks as well as those living separately. The few families that still have distinct Yaghnobi plant uses are the ones which were given the opportunity to choose the spot in which to relocate and still visit the Yaghnob Valley regularly. On the basis of our study, we suggest that affording a choice of where to relocate is better than no choice, as the loss of motivation also affects the use of wild food plants. Given the pressure of the possible relocation of many groups of people in the light of global change, we suggest focusing efforts on studying similar cases in order to minimize the damage caused to people by relocation. The trauma of forced relocation, even just a few kilometers away, directly or indirectly affects wild food plant use and with this the food security of the community
Poorly Investigated Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants
Get PDFEcuador has, in proportion of its size, one of the richest floras of Latin America and the world; the country also has an immense cultural heritage due to the presence of different ethnic groups that have implemented the use of many wild and cultivated plants, mainly as medicinal remedies. In a recent publication, we have summarized the results of research activities recently carried out on about 120 plants native to Ecuador, which includes the structures of non-volatile isolated compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and the in vitro tested biological activity data. For the sake of completeness, we have collected in this paper the main information obtained from recent ethnobotanical investigations on other important Ecuadorian medicinal plants for which phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies are, however, still largely lacking. Thus, one of the objectives of this paper is to preserve the traditional knowledge of Ecuadorian Indigenous communities which, being transmitted orally, is in danger of becoming lost. Moreover, it is our intention to stimulate more extensive studies on the rich medicinal flora of the country, which can provide economic and social benefits, especially to the people who traditionally cultivate or collect the plants
The Washback of Midterm Examination on First-Year Students’ Perception Regarding the Final Exam
Get PDFThe examinations are an essential part of the education system. Therefore, the importance of examinations cannot be dismissed. However, assessments and evaluations affect the program of the study, students, and teachers. These effects cause different types of washback which has been defined as the impact of testing and evaluation on both students and teachers. The negative washback from the examination makes the students study to pass the exams rather than learn the class objectives. On the other hand, positive washback motivates the students to work harder and learn. This study investigates the washback of midterm exams on students’ perception regarding the final exam. A mixed method has been used for conducting this research project. A survey and an interview have been implemented for the data collection. The data have been collected from 108 first-year students in the Departments of English Language Teaching (ELT), Biology Education, Computer Education, Physics Education, and Mathematics Education department in Tishk International University Erbil, Kurdistan. In brief, the examinations determine the type of washback that the students have after exams, either positive or negative. The results showed a positive washback
English Writing Errors of Kurdish EFL Undergraduates: An Error Analysis
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify, characterize, and evaluate writing errors made by Kurdish EFL students at Cihan University in Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In the study, 37 third-year students from the English language department participated. The primary data collection instrument was the students’ response sheets for the poetry midterm exam. The errors were first diagnosed and classified into several categories. According to the findings of this study, eight types of writing errors were committed by the participants which were spelling, punctuation, grammar, capitalization, prepositions, verb misuse, and pronoun misuse. The findings of this study also revealed that the most common errors committed by the Kurdish learners were punctuation and capitalization. Such results are important for EFL teachers because they encourage them to pay careful attention to their students’ writing errors and utilize them as pedagogical guidelines while designing activities
Importance of Leadership in the Higher Education
Get PDFLeadership is accepted as a backbone of the success of the organization. Leaders significantly improves the ability of their followers for the profit of the organization. Accordingly, leadership in the education is more important than other types of the leadership styles in the market, whereas educational leaders are directly shaping the performances of their students that in turn affects the market performance of the country. From this point of view, current paper has discussed the favorable characteristics and the importance of leadership in the educational system. As a result, it has been recommended to have decision making ability to improve the quality of the systems, sharing responsibility with the instructors, and providing positive culture inside the schools to improve lecturer and student performance