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Toxicity profiles of the hydroalocholic seed extract of Psoralea Corylifolia L Fabaceae in Wistar rats
Get PDFIntroduction: Ayurveda is well known system of medicine and practiced in Indian subcontinent since about 5000 years. Ayurveda offers holistic life style caring for the individual’s mind and spirit as well as their body. Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (Fabaceae) is well known traditional plant used in Ayurveda and Chinese system of medicines and known for its beneficial actions in skin diseases such as psoriasis, alopecia, leprosy, leucoderma, and vitiligo etc. Objective: The aim of present study to determine toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of P. corylifolia in acute and sub-chronic toxicity assay models. Methods: The albino mice were used in cute toxicity study for dose ranging from 10 to 1000 mg/kg, b.w.; and in sub-chronic toxicity assay, albino wistar rat used for dose ranging from 100 to 500 mg/kg, b.w. Daily body weight, food intake and different biochemical and haematological parameters were measured. Macroscopic observation of the vital organ of the test groups when compared to the control group. Results: The results of toxicity study showed that there are no toxic symptoms produced in acute as well as in sub-chronic toxicity studies upto 1000 mg/kg, b.w. when tested in albino mice and rats orally. The overall behaviour of the animals was more active and healthy during the treatment period. It was found that there was no remarkable difference indicating the non-toxic property of the seed extract on acute toxicity and sub-acute repeated administration causes mild adverse effects. Conclusion: The current study provides scientific data on safety of P. corylifolia
GC-MSAnalysis ofBioactiveCompounds inMethanolic Extracts of Papaver decaisnei and Determination of Its Antioxidants and Anticancer Activities
Get PDF&e Papaver L. plant (Papaver decaisnei) has ethnobotanical records in many countries including Iraqi Kurdistan. &e current
study investigates the methanol (99.9%) extracts (10 μg/mL) of roots, leaves, and flowers of Papaver decaisnei in terms of
phytochemistry by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry GC-MS, in vitro antioxidant activity by radical scavenging and
reducing power assays, and finally, the anticancer actions as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) against human colorectal
adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. &e results showed 22,
19, and 17 chemicals for roots, leaves, and flowers of P. decaisnei, respectively. &e prevalent organic compounds of P. decaisnei
were alkaloids (62.03%), phenolics (55.43%), fatty acids (42.51%), esters (32.08%), terpenoids (25.59%), and phytosterols (15.68%),
namely, roemerine (70.44%), 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol (37.45%), hexadecanoic acid (33.72%), decarbomethoxytabersonine
(24.49%), and c-sitosterol (11.22%). &e antioxidant activity of plant organs was within 39.1–143.5 μg/mL for DPPH,
135.4–276.4 μg/mL for ABTS, 12.4–34.3 μg/mL for FRAP, and 42.6–75.8 μg/mL for CUPRAC assays. &e anticancer of P. decaisnei
was found as 125.3–388.4 μg/mL against all tested cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7, and HeLa). &e detected alkaloids and bioactivity of
P. decaisnei encourage future isolation of those remarkable alkaloids (reomerine) for potential usage in the
pharmaceutical industry
Automatic COVID-19 detection mechanisms and approaches from medical images:a systematic review
Get PDFSince early 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely
around the world. COVID-19 infects the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties.
Early detection of COVID-19 is important for the prevention and treatment of
pandemic. Numerous sources of medical images (e.g., Chest X-Rays (CXR),
Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)) are
regarded as a desirable technique for diagnosing COVID-19 cases. Medical images
of coronavirus patients show that the lungs are filled with sticky mucus that
prevents them from inhaling. Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based algorithms
have made a significant shift in the computer aided diagnosis due to their effective
feature extraction capabilities. In this survey, a complete and systematic review of
the application of Machine Learning (ML) methods for the detection of COVID-19
is presented, focused on works that used medical images. We aimed to evaluate
various ML-based techniques in detecting COVID-19 using medical imaging. A
total of 26 papers were extracted from ACM, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Tech
Science Press, and IEEExplore. Five different ML categories to review these
mechanisms are considered, which are supervised learning-based, deep learning�based, active learning-based, transfer learning-based, and evolutionary learning�based mechanisms. A number of articles are investigated in each group. Also,
some directions for further research are discussed to improve the detection of
COVID-19 using ML techniques in the future. In most articles, deep learning is
used as the ML method. Also, most of the researchers used CXR images to
diagnose COVID-19. Most articles reported accuracy of the models to evaluate
model performance. The accuracy of the studied models ranged from 0.84 to 0.99.
The studies demonstrated the current status of AI techniques in using AI potentials
in the fight against COVID-19
Importance of the Factors for Hiring a University Lecturer: A Case Study at TIU Sulaymaniyah
Get PDFHuman resource management is one of the key departments at the organizations to improve employee abilities and skills based on the objectives of the companies. Accordingly, finding correct staff for the correct position is key responsibility for HRM to increase the competitive advantage of the organization. In this respect, this paper aims to investigate how HRM at the Tishk international university evaluates teaching staff for hiring. To understand this, we have organized a questionnaire and interviewed with the head of the departments of TIU. Results of the interviews have been evaluated through analytical hierarchy process (AHP). It has been observed that “knowledge in his/her field” is the most important factor for a lecturer to be hired TIU. Further, “Productive (writes article, does projects…etc)” is the second most important factor for the head of the departments at the university
“Wild fish are a blessing”: changes in fishing practices and folk fish cuisine around Laguna Lake, Northern Philippines
Get PDFSeveral coastal communities rely heavily on wild-caught fish for personal consumption and their livelihoods, thus being sensitive to the rapid global change affecting fish availability. However, in the last century, aquaculture has been increasingly adopted. To understand the uses and changes of wild-caught fish, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with fishers of Laguna Lake, Philippines. Fishermen, with up to 60 years’ experience, reported catching 31 fish species as a staple food. The taxa with the greatest variety of food uses were the farmed Oreochromis aureus, and the wild Channa striata and Cyprinus carpio. Fish was boiled, fried, grilled and dried, and over 20 different local dishes were reported. Fishers reported that local communities previously relied more on wild fish, while today a greater proportion of consumed fish comes from aquaculture fish species such as Oreochromis aureus and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis. Wild fish remains a crucial aspect of local gastronomic diversity, underpinning the biodiversity of the Laguna Lake, while also representing an important element for food sovereignty. The study stresses the need to sustain local ecological knowledge to ensure the ecological, social and economic sustainability of the communities
Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil from Araucaria brasiliensis Collected in Ecuador
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, physical properties, enantiomeric composition and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil (EO) steam-distilled from the leaves of the plant Araucaria brasiliensis Loud. collected in Ecuador. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis on two capillary GC columns (DB5-ms and HP-INNOWax). Thirty-three compounds were identified in the EO; the main compounds were beyerene (26.08%), kaurene (24.86%), myrcene (11.02%), α-pinene (9.99%) and 5,15-rosadiene (5.87%). Diterpene hydrocarbons (65.41%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (21.11%), were the most representative components of the EO. Enantioselective analysis of the EO showed four pairs of enantiomeric compounds, α-pinene, camphene, γ-muurolene and δ-cadinene. In an in vitro assay, the EO showed moderate inhibitory activity towards the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (95.7 µg/mL), while it was inactive towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (225.3 µg/mL). Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the anticholinesterase potential of the EO
Biogenic synthesis of ferrous(III) oxide and Fe3O4/SiO2 using Chlorella sp. and its adsorption properties of water contaminated with copper(II) ions
Get PDFMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are gaining popularity because of their small size allowing for research into the fundamentals of magnetism. In wastewater treatment, adsorption methods commonly remove heavy metals, but copper (Cu+2) ion removal using magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) has not been investigated. In this study two different modes were used to determine maximum adsorption capacity to remove copper(II). The nanoparticles containing the Fe3O4 with Chlorella, core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2 with Chlorella sp. synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, the morphology observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), crystalline structure, and grain size provided by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Copper(II) ion removal showed in both modes. The maximum copper(II) ion reduction percent was obtained by nanoparticles containing core-shell Fe3O4/Chlorella 80.3%, Fe3O4/SiO2 with Chlorella sp. (86.9%) the result showed maximum removal using Fe3O4/SiO2 with Chlorella sp. due to increase of surface area. The results indicate that the adsorption using magnetic nanoparticles with Chlorella sp. enhances the cell surface and provides easy access to the separation for both preparation and recapture
Determination of Heavy Metals in Dump Site at Katsina States
Get PDFHeavy Metals are any metallic element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentration. Heavy Metals are general collective term, which applies to the group of metals and metalloids with atomic density greater than 4 g/cm3. Most of these metal ions can be released from industries, agriculture and individual household and are in simple cationic forms. This study aimed at determining some heavy metals contents in dump soil along Federal College Education (F.C.E.) Katsina. Three samples each were collected differently at the vicinity of the tannery and the surrounding tanneries, 10m away a nearby farms and nearby growing plants. Control samples was also collected far away from these areas for comparison. A distance between 5 to 10 m was maintained between each sampling point to study the metal distribution of the study area. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) with air acetylene flame was used for the metal analysis. The results of the three samples studied obviously indicates that all the soil samples have Manganese concentration in the in the highest degree (A 3.83 mg/kg, B 3.652 mg/kg, C 6.602 mg/kg) while Co: 0.048 mg/kg, Cd: 0.028 mg/kg, Cd: 0.026 mg/kg) respectively indicates lowest concentration in the three samples. All of the soil samples contain high manganese concentrations and other heavy metals are present in negligible amounts. This means that manganese-containing waste is circulating in our environments at random. Contamination or soil pollution caused by high manganese concentrations in our environment is extremely dangerous since it puts domestic animals’ and humans’ health at risk
A Case Study on Lecturer’s Awareness towards of Flipped Classroom Method in EFL Classes from Different Cities of Kurdistan Region
Get PDFFlipped Classroom Method is one method that replaces the learning from school to home and activity in the class. It is entirely different from the traditional method. The study aimed to investigate the lectures’ awareness of Flipped classrooms in higher education. This study also aimed to what extent lecturers in the Kurdistan region are aware of flipped classroom method and its effectiveness in the EFL classes. The quantitative approach was implemented in this study because it gives a precise number. 101 English Foreign Language lecturers have participated from different cities and universities in the Kurdistan region. The data was collected through a questionnaire to measure the number of teachers aware of Flipped Classroom Method. The data have been analysed through the GOOGLE FORM approach to see the result. The study’s result was that most of them are aware of Flipped Classroom and some teachers are unaware of Flipped Classroom. It also supported that FCM is an effective method. According to the result, there were some essential points for implementation in all EFL classes in Higher Education of Kurdistan, such as facilities and training for teachers and students are recommended for further study
Evaluating Diagnostic Validity of Various Sagittal Cephalometric Parameters (a Comparative Retrospective Study)
Get PDFObjective: The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of numerous skeletal analyses for determining the sagittal skeletal pattern.
Methods: A total of 105 cephalometric x-rays were used. The Steiner’s ANB angle, anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI), and angle of convexity by Down’s assessed the anteroposterior skeletal pattern. According to the diagnostic results of the majority of the criteria, the samples were divided into three classes: I, II, and III. The analyses' validity and reliability were assessed using Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, and sensitivity.
Results: There was a moderate agreement between the ANB angle and the final diagnosis (K= 0.593). The ANB angle demonstrated the highest sensitivity in class II and III groups (1.00).
Conclusions: The ANB angle and down's angle of convexity was the most accurate markers for class I and III groups, respectively, while the Down's angle of convexity and APDI were the most accurate indicators for class III group