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Natural therapies utilisation in Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Get PDFNatural products are an important way to treating the disease in the whole earth. It has been estimated that more than 70% of the earth population relies on natural products. Unfortunately, the knowledge is passed from generation to generation verbally without documentation. The study aims to document the natural therapies used by the Kurdish people in the treatment and management of various ailments. Non-purposive sampling was employed in the study with an in-depth interview guide. One hundred and thirteen respondents were interviewed from the period of September 2021-June 2022. Qualitatively, excel 2016 was used to calculate descriptive statistics of socio-demographic information of the respondents and quantitatively the data were subjected to the following indices: Use Value (UV) and Relative Frequency Citation (RFC). Fourty two medicinal plants were documented and used for the management of various ailments: diabetes, fever, immune booster, aphrodisiac, stomach pain, headache, fungal, and bacterial infections. Leaves were reported as the most used part of the plant (25.5 %), oral as the most form of administration (80.5%). Plants with 0.05 are considered with have the highest UV and 0.8 for RFC. Ranya has a varied range of medicinal plants, according to the current study, and the use of medicinal plants and plant-based therapies is still common in the area. The study aimed to comprehensively document the traditional medicinal plants utilised by the people of Ranya. It will serve as an avenue for further development of herbal formulations and modern medicines in the region
Analysis on IMF Loan Conditions with more Detrimental Impact on the Economy: A Case Study of Nigeria
Get PDFPast studies have shown that nations that borrow money from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have greater rates of poverty, unemployment, and inflation than countries that do not borrow from the IMF. This is despite the fact that the IMF claims that fostering economic development is one of its objectives. The IMF loans conditions that are shown to have the most detrimental impact on economies are the subject of this study, which focused, specifically on Nigeria. In order to obtain data for this research, primary data sources such as official documents, newspapers, journals, and other similar sources were utilized, and Neoliberal theory was employed as the theoretical foundation for the study. Our research showed that the IMF loan conditions of currency devaluation and subsidy removal negatively impacted not just Nigeria's economy but also the nation's overall standard of living. As a result, it was recommended that the government should make an effort to diversify the economy, modify its relations with international financial organizations like the IMF and the World Bank, and give the populace access to the necessary resources to improve their standard of living
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Get PDFOmicron variants have been classified as Variants of Concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) ever since they first emerged as a result of a significant mutation in this variant, which showed to have an impact on transmissibility and virulence of the virus, as evidenced by the ongoing modifications in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As a global pandemic, the Omicron variant also spread among the Kurdish population. This study aimed to analyze different strains from different cities of the Kurdistan region of Iraq to show the risk of infection and the impact of the various mutations on immune responses and vaccination. A total of 175 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal specimens were collected at West Erbil Emergency Hospital and confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR. The genomes of the samples were sequenced using the Illumina COVID-Seq Method. The genome analysis was established based on previously published data in the GISAID database and compared to previously detected mutations in the Omicron variants, and that they belong to the BA.1 lineage and include most variations determined in other studies related to transmissibility, high infectivity and immune escape. Most of the mutations were found in the RBD (receptor binding domain), the region related to the escape from humoral immunity. Remarkably, these point mutations (G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K and N969K) were also determined in this study, which were unique, and their impact should be addressed more. Overall, the Omicron variants were more contagious than other variants. However, the mortality rate was low, and most infectious cases were asymptomatic. The next step should address the potential of Omicron variants to develop the next-generation COVID-19 vaccine
Determination of thermodynamic properties of CrH, NiC and CuLi diatomic molecules with the linear combination of Hulthen-type potential plus Yukawa potential
Get PDFIn this work, we investigate the thermodynamic properties of CrH, NiC and CuLi diatomic molecules with a linear combination Hulthen and Yukawa potentials in the presence and absence of magnetic and Aharanov-Bohm (AB) fields. The Schrodinger equation in 3D and 2D were solved using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method and the exact quantization rule (EQR) respectively. To determine the thermodynamic properties for the selected diatomic molecules, we first used the energy spectrum to evaluate the partition function and other thermodynamic functions such as entropy, Helmholtz free energy, internal energy and specific heat capacity. In addition, it is found that in the classical limit, the specific heat capacity saturates for large values of the principal quantum number, nmax for the selected diatomic molecules at a fixed temperature except CrH. Our results can be applied to molecular physics and chemical physics
Importance of job autonomy at the companies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Get PDFJob autonomy is the respect for employees to choose their own methods of approaching the work demands besides, Innovative culture promotes innovation and innovation creates value for organizations further, job satisfaction is one of the many important concepts that are required to reach high performances by the staff, in this respect, this paper assumes that job autonomy and job satisfaction have positive effects on employee innovative behavior in Kurdistan. To do then we have organized a survey questionnaire and visited various in Sulaymaniyah city in Kurdistan, as a result 191 data has been used and found that true regression analysis that job satisfaction and job autonomy positively related to employees’ innovative behaviors in the region, it is recommended that residential managers should give autonomy to their employees in their responsibilities for the sake of their job satisfaction and performance
Reliability of The Post-Operative Recovery Index for Measuring Quality of Recovery after Surgery
Get PDFBackground: Postoperative recovery is a crucial component of the patient experience, regardless of the kind of treatment. There has been a lot of research done in this field, including studies using post-operative recovery as an end measure.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of the Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) index among post-operative patients in the hospitals of Erbil city. Subjects and methods: A descriptive study was designed among 166 participants of patients, physicians, nurses, and medical assistants in four surgical wards of Hawler, Rizgary, Maternity, and Raparin (Pediatric) Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The data were collected through self-report and direct interview face-to-face techniques from January to July 2022. A questionnaire was designed, and It is divided into two main sections: the sociodemographic information about the participants is presented in the first section, and the second section contains a ready-made scale question about the QoR-40 index, which consists of 40 items concerning five different items and is used to assess the quality of recovery following surgery dimensions.
RESULTS: The study results showed that all the participants believed that the items of all dimensions were applicable and can be used in measuring the level of recovery for post-operative patients and the correlation coefficient was 0.746 which considered that this index has a Good Agreement among the participants.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the QoR-40 index is reliable among the different peoples of patients, nurses, physicians, and medical assistants, and it’s considered that this index has a positive agreement among people with very highly applicable for post-operative patients in measuring the quality of the recovery after surgery
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF RAINFALL DATASETS IN DUHOK GOVERNORATE
Get PDFThe spatial distribution of rainfall plays a key role in water management and hydrological modeling. This study
employed rainfall datasets of different scales recorded at 22 meteorological stations distributed over Duhok
governorate with a time span from 1998 to 2020. Four spatial interpolation methods were employed to transform
the discrete values into a continuous spatial pattern over Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, and Iraq. The
interpolation methods evaluated were: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Universal
Kriging (UK) and Spline. The reliability of the prediction techniques was examined via leave-one-out crossvalidation besides giving ranks using TOPSIS algorithm. Several performance indicators were employed as
criteria to evaluate the applied interpolation techniques. The results indicated that the IDW offered the best
performance in most cases, while the spline method offered the poorest performance. In general, differences
between these first three methods (IDW, OK and UK) are low but substantially different from that the spline
method. Overall, the mean absolute percentage of error of estimation was 16% or less and the degree of prediction
accuracy tended to increase with a decrease in time scale. Further, the interpolation methods provide similar spatial
distributions of rainfall
SECURE CLOUD STORAGE USING BLOCKCHAIN FOR DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM WITH MERKLE TREE ALGORITHM
Get PDFIn today’s world, the simplest way to share data is through the internet. Cloud computing is a technology provided by the internet, which is dependent on large storage providers. These storage companies function as untrustworthy third parties, managing massive amounts of data saved in the cloud. This data may contain sensitive information that belongs to multiple individuals or organizations. Such types of models may involve security issues like privacy and integrity. Blockchain Technologies has gained widespread attention, with a surge of interest in applications varying from information storage to cyber security, IoT, healthcare, and financial services. Blockchain applications were used to carry safe and comfortable healthcare data, and there was a lot of interest in them. Additionally, blockchain is converting traditional medical care practices into a more dependable way of efficient diagnostics and treatments over safe and secure data sharing. In this paper, developed the decentralized system architecture with Merkle Tree structure, and preserving this health monitoring statistics in the cloud parallel processing in distributed environment
An environmental sustainability roadmap for partially substituting agricultural waste for sand in cement blocks
Get PDFAgricultural waste can be used in cement block production for a number of reasons, including its environmental, economic, and labor benefits. This study examines the mechanical, durability, and cost-effectiveness characteristics of cement blocks. A cement block made from agriculture waste promotes sustainable construction practices, since waste agriculture is often dumped in landfills and regarded as a waste material. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced by the construction sector, either from the firing of clay bricks or from the production of cement, contribute significantly to global warming. In many developing countries, air pollution from agricultural activities is primarily accounted for the emissions from agricultural machinery and openly burning agro-waste. Farming is one of the leading causes of water and soil pollution. Hence, adopting agricultural waste into cement production would significantly reduce the environmental impact of concrete structures. The goal of this research is to determine whether agricultural waste products, such as vermiculite, pistachio shells, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut husks, can be used to substitute sand in concrete blocks. The water absorption capacity of waste materials, density, flexural strength, fire resistance, and compressive strength of waste materials as admixtures in concrete were evaluated using experimental tests. In most cases, the concrete blocks made from agricultural waste were strong enough to satisfy ASTM standards. The specimens containing coconut husks and pistachio shells, among others, were found to be fairly strong and durable, even when isolating them from water
Explicit Solution of First-Order Differential Equation Using Aitken’s and Newton’s Interpolation Methods
Get PDFThe struggle to find the analytic solution of several differential equations leads to several issues like difficulty in finding solutions, singularities, convergent issues, and stability. Because of these problems, most of the researchers come up with explicit approaches such as the Runge Kutta method, Euler’s method, and Taylor’s polynomial method for finding numerical solutions to the ordinary differential equation. In this work, we combine both the Aitken methods and Newton’s interpolation method (NIM) to solve first-order differential equations. The numerical results obtained provide minimal error. The result is supported by solving an example