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A systematic review on the biological evaluation of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand
Get PDFBackground
Humans have used plants as a safe and effective medicine for a wide range of ailments ever since the earliest days of civilization. Calotropis procera potential as a treatment for a variety of ailments has been known for quite some time. This xerophytic, upright shrub grows to a height of about 6 m and can be found in the tropics of Africa and Asia. Its parts have been used to cure a variety of ailments, including rheumatism, fever, dysentery, diabetes, malaria, asthma, and many more. Here, we provide a synopsis of the available biological data and discuss the possible ways in which Calotropis procera could be used as a novel platform for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
Main body
High antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antianalgesic, antimicrobial, antimalaria, antidiabetic, wound-healing, hepato-protective, nerve-recovery, antiulcer, insecticidal, and anticancer effects have been observed in the latex. The research also found that excessive intake has negative health effects.
Conclusion
The review discovered that the biological evaluation of C. procera in vitro and in vivo animal models was well documented. Human safety and efficacy, however, have yet to be thoroughly tested, and additional well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm preclinical findings. It is essential to establish a standard dose and assure its safety
Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera extracts against gram-negative bacteria: an in vitro and molecular docking studies
Get PDFMoringa oleifera seed and leaf are used traditionally for the treatment of various healthproblems (among others, hypertension, scrapes, skin infection, diabetes, genitourinaryillnesses), and to boost the immune system, as well as to act as a contraceptive. Inthis study, the antibacterial activity of seed and leaf M. oleifera extracts on three-gramnegative bacteria was investigated, and phytochemical analysis for the association ofantibacterial activity with the active constituents in the plant was determined. Moreover,understanding of the mechanism of action was achieved by applying the Auto DockVina technique. The phytochemical screening of M. oleifera seed and leaf extractsexhibited the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardioactive glycosides, flavonoids,tannins, phenols, steroids and terpenoids. In silico results revealed that compounds(4-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxyl)-benzylisothiocyanate);(Isoquercitrin, 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl glucosinolate); and (Astragalin,4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl glucosinolate) from leaf and seed have the highestbinding affinity and very good interactions with Transcriptional Activator Protein (LasR),Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), and Malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier proteintransacylase (FabD), respectively
Studying the mechanism and kinetics of fuel desulfurization using CexOy/NiOx piezo-catalysts as a new low-temperature method
Get PDFIn order to advance desulfurization technology, a new method for excellent oxidative desulfurization of fuel at room temperature will be of paramount importance. As a novel desulfurization method, we developed piezo-catalysts that do not require adding any oxidants and can be performed at room temperature. A microwave method was used to prepare CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites. Model and real fuel desulfurization rates were examined as a function of synthesis parameters, such as microwave power and time, and operation conditions, such as pH and ultrasonic power. The results showed that CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding piezo-desulfurization at room temperature for both model and real fuels. Furthermore, CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites exhibited remarkable reusability, maintaining 79% of their piezo-catalytic activity even after 17 repetitions for desulfurization of real fuel. An investigation of the mechanism of sulfur oxidation revealed that superoxide radicals and holes played a major role. Additionally, the kinetic study revealed that sulfur removal by piezo-catalyst follows a second-order reaction kinetic model
Simultaneous green synthesis of Magnetite-Nanoparticles MNPs using microalgae Spirulina sp. for antibacterial activity
Get PDFBiosynthesize of Magnetic Nanoparticles MNPs is the environmentally friendly synthesis of nanoparticles that can be used as an alternative to commercially available antibiotics. The present study aimed to determine the ability of biosynthesized magnetic nanoparticles of Spirulina sp. for antibacterial activity. Microalgae isolated from the Gomaspan river cultured on BG11 medium and, is identified using morphology and molecular method and the optimum growth rate of microalgae studied, the biomass used to synthesize of MNPs then was characterized by a visible color change and Scanning electron microscope SEM, FTIR with XRD. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina sp. and biosynthesize of MNPs. studied using different extracts (ethanol, methanol and Diethyl ether) against growth of Salmonella Typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and pseudomonas aerogenes by disc diffusion and Minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The antibacterial activity from microalgae Spirulina sp. and biosynthesized MNPs from Spirulina sp. showed to inhibit growth of bacteria with both methods and the higher inhibition zone showed as (30-37mm). The minimum inhibition concentration showed with ethanol extract (125-500 µg/l). The current study is first report an eco-friendly and convenient method for the synthesis of MNPs using Microalgae Spirulina sp. extracts. This biosynthetic process might be useful pharmaceuticals, and medicine treatment of pathogenic bacteria
Valuation of Indian IPO’s Allotment and Current Price Analysis - Are Indian IPOs Overvalued?
Get PDFPurpose: This study was conducted to analyze the IPOs of companies listed between 1st January 2021 to 30th April 2021 with the objective to determine whether the price at which the IPOs were introduced are fair, undervalued or overvalued and whether the performance of these IPOs have a significant relationship with factors such as the size of the IPO, age of the company and the proportion of promoters holding in the company.
Theoretical framework: Companies registered in India can usually raise funds in two ways: borrowing money using debentures or issuing shares. An initial public offering is a financial arrangement wherein the shares of a private company are offered for sale for the first time to the general public. Based on the theory described in, a semi-theoretical pricing framework is created for the fixed-price and book-building mechanisms.
Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from NSE (National Stock Exchange) website and analyzed using the metrics such as Abnormal Returns which is calculated in order to analyze if the IPOs are underpriced, overpriced or fairly priced and Regression has been performed to check if there is any significant relationship among the Age, Size of IPO and promoter’ holdings in the company after the IPO with the listing day gains or short-term gains of the IPO.
Findings: It was found that the Indian IPOs are undervalued and thus leave money on the table for the issuer of these IPOs. From the regression analysis, it is observed that there is no significant relationship between the factors such as age of the company, promoters’ holding in the company and the size of the IPO with the listing days returns and the 10-day period return of the IPO.
Research, Practical & Social implications: Although most researchers believe that IPOs are usually affected by hot and cold periods or bearish-bullish trends, we are trying to determine the effectiveness of book-building method for IPOs following the pandemic in India. The study uses tools such as Abnormal Mean Return (AMR) and Regression to analyze the price of IPO, total returns on and after 10 days of listing of the IPOs, the market return during the same period, and the relationship of these returns with other variable like size, ownership and promoter’ holdings in the company to determine if they have any significant impact on these returns.
Originality/value: Fair valuation of an IPO could be the reason for its success and over-valuation and under-valuation may lead to its failure and may result in huge monetary losses. The current research on IPO is significant in the sense it contributes by making it clear about the concept of IPO through Literature and about its valuations through analysis which is based on Abnormal Returns and Regressio
Numerical Solution for Arbitrary Domain of Fractional Integro-differential Equation via the General Shifted Genocchi Polynomials
Get PDFThe Genocchi polynomial has been increasingly used as a convenient tool to solve some fractional calculus problems, due to their
nice properties. However, like some other members in the Appell polynomials, the nice properties are always limited to the
interval defined in ½0, 1�. In this paper, we extend the Genocchi polynomials to the general shifted Genocchi polynomials, Sða,bÞ n
ðxÞ, which are defined for interval ½a, b�. New properties for this general shifted Genocchi polynomials will be introduced,
including the determinant form. This general shifted Genocchi polynomials can overcome the conventional formula of finding
the Genocchi coefficients of a function fðxÞ that involves f ðn−1Þ
ðxÞ which may not be defined at x = 0, 1. Hence, we use the
general shifted Genocchi polynomials to derive the operational matrix and hence to solve the Fredholm-type fractional integrodifferential equations with arbitrary domain ½a, b�
Review on magnetic spinel ferrite (MFe2O4) nanoparticles: From synthesis to application
Get PDFMagnetic spinel ferrite materials offer various applications in biomedical, water treatment, and industrial electronic devices, which has sparked a lot of attention. This review focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of spinel ferrites in a variety of fields, particularly spinel ferrites with doping. Spinel ferrites nanoparticles doped with the elements have remarkable electrical and magnetic properties, allowing them to be used in a wide range of applications such as magnetic fields, microwave absorbers, and biomedicine. Furthermore, the physical properties of spinel ferrites can be modified by substituting metallic atoms, resulting in improved performance. The most recent and noteworthy applications of magnetic ferrite nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed in this review. This review goes over the synthesis, doping and applications of different types of metal ferrite nanoparticles, as well as views on how to choose the appropriate magnetic ferrites based on the intended application
Antibacterial Activity of Dissolved Silver Fractions Released from Silver-Coated Titanium Dental Implant Abutments: A Study on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation
Get PDF(1) Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium implants against Streptococcus mutans. (2) Methodology: Silver-coated titanium implant discs were immersed in 1.8 mL of brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) and incubated for 24 h in order to release the silver ions into the broth. The coating quality was confirmed via EDS, and the dissolved silver was measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The experimental design used unconditioned broth (control) and broth conditioned with silver released from silver-coated titanium implants (n = 6). Regarding the antibacterial activity, isolated Streptococcus mutans was used. A turbidity test and lactate production test were performed to determine the effect of dissolved silver on bacterial growth in a suspension and biofilm formation. (3) Result: The results showed that the coating was successfully applied on the substrate. There was around 0.3 mg/L of silver released into the BHIB, and the turbidity of the control group was significantly higher than the treatment, with measured absorbance values of 1.4 and 0.8, respectively, indicating that the dissolved silver ions from the silver-coated titanium discs exhibited some degree of antibacterial activity by preventing the growth of Streptococcus mutans. However, the results of the antibiofilm activity test did not show any significant difference between the groups. (4) Conclusion: The dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium implants has an antibacterial activity but not a significant antimicrobial activity, indicating that the dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium abutments can significantly reduce the incidence of peri-implant mucositis
Disadvantaged Economic Conditions and Stricter Border Rules Shape Afghan Refugees’ Ethnobotany: Insights from Kohat District, NW Pakistan
Get PDFThe study of migrants’ ethnobotany can help to address the diverse socio-ecological factors affecting temporal and spatial changes in local ecological knowledge (LEK). Through semi-structured and in-depth conversations with ninety interviewees among local Pathans and Afghan refugees in Kohat District, NW Pakistan, one hundred and forty-five wild plant and mushroom folk taxa were recorded. The plants quoted by Afghan refugees living inside and outside the camps tend to converge, while the Afghan data showed significant differences with those collected by local Pakistani Pathans. Interviewees mentioned two main driving factors potentially eroding folk plant knowledge: (a) recent stricter border policies have made it more difficult for refugees to visit their home regions in Afghanistan and therefore to also procure plants in their native country; (b) their disadvantaged economic conditions have forced them to engage more and more in urban activities in the host country, leaving little time for farming and foraging practices. Stakeholders should foster the exposure that refugee communities have to their plant resources, try to increase their socio-economic status, and facilitate both their settling outside the camps and their transnational movement for enhancing their use of wild plants, ultimately leading to improvements in their food security and health status
Bitter Is Better: Wild Greens Used in the Blue Zone of Ikaria, Greece
Get PDFThe current study reports an ethnobotanical field investigation of traditionally gathered and consumed wild greens (Chorta) in one of the five so-called Blue Zones in the world: Ikaria Isle, Greece. Through 31 semi-structured interviews, a total of 56 wild green plants were documented along with their culinary uses, linguistic labels, and locally perceived tastes. Most of the gathered greens were described as bitter and associated with members of Asteraceae and Brassicaceae botanical families (31%), while among the top-quoted wild greens, species belonging to these two plant families accounted for 50% of the wild vegetables, which were consumed mostly cooked. Cross-cultural comparison with foraging in other areas of the central-eastern Mediterranean and the Near East demonstrated a remarkable overlapping of Ikarian greens with Cretan and Sicilian, as well as in the prevalence of bitter-tasting botanical genera. Important differences with other wild greens-related food heritage were found, most notably with the Armenian and Kurdish ones, which do not commonly feature many bitter greens. The proven role of extra-oral bitter taste receptors in the modulation of gastric emptying, glucose absorption and crosstalk with microbiota opens new ways of looking at these differences, in particular with regard to possible health implications. The present study is also an important attempt to preserve and document the bio-cultural gastronomic heritage of Chorta as a quintessential part of the Mediterranean diet. The study recommends that nutritionists, food scientists, and historians, as well as policymakers and practitioners, pay the required attention to traditional rural dietary systems as models of sustainable health