IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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Environmental Implications of Dynamic Policies on Food Consumption and Waste Handling in the European Union
No full textNo summary is available. Download the proceeding below.Environmental impact assessment of dynamic policies and their implications on EU food consumptio
Towards a common conceptual framework for chemical footprint bridging Risk Assessment and LCA
No full textA short review and conceptual analysis regarding ChF, and suggests a way forward towards a common science based Conceptual Framework for Chemical Footprinting methods, bridging Risk Assessment (RA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) science and methods
Kortlivade klimatpåverkande luftföroreningar (SLCP)
No full textIVL has on commission from the Swedish Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives (Miljömålsberedningen) compiled information on present and future emissions of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) in Sweden, as well as performed an analysis of further emission reduction potentials and associated costs in 2030. Main results from the study: According to the Swedish emission projections, which take current legislation into account, the national total emissions of all SLCPs will be lower in 2030 compared to today. The trend, however, is different for different sources. Emissions from road traffic are expected to decline significantly. From other mobile sources reductions are also expected, but to a lesser extent than from road traffic. Emissions from residential combustion of biomass are expected to remain at about the same level as at present, why these emissions in relative terms will increase in importance. Mobile sources and residential combustion, which produce emissions from combustion of fuels, emit all SLCPs except HFCs. The agricultural sector is the main emission source for CH4 both today and in the future. For NMVOC emissions from the “solvent and product use” sector is the dominating source. CH4 from the agricultural sector, as well as NMVOC from product and solvent use, are both reduced only slightly to 2030 according to the projections. Emissions of CH4 and NMVOC from other sources are projected be reduced to a greater extent. Agriculture will thus be of relatively greater importance for emissions of CH4 in the future, as will solvent and product use for NMVOC emissions. Emissions of HFCs are expected to decline significantly in the future and there is most likely no cost-effective potential for further reductions of HFC emissions. There is currently no comprehensive Swedish analysis available of cost-effective measures to reduce emissions of SLCP in Sweden 2030. Best available knowledge suggests that there will be technical emission reduction measures available, with a potential to reduce emissions in 2030 beyond currently projected emissions. This report is only available in Swedish.IVL har på uppdrag av Miljömålsberedningen tagit fram underlag om nuvarande och framtida utsläpp av kortlivade klimatpåverkande luftföroreningar (SLCP– Short-Lived Climate Pollutants) i Sverige, samt analyserat potentialer och kostnader för ytterligar utsläppsminskningar till år 2030
Miljösituationen förr och nu i skogsindustrirecipienter - Bakgrundsrapport
No full textThis report is only available in Swedish
Swedish air pollutant emission scenarios to 2050
No full textThis study has been part of the CLEO (Climate Change and Environmental Objectives) research program funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The main aim of the study was to assess influences on air pollutant emissions (mainly particulate matter, PM) by increased substitution of fossil fuels with biomass fuels for combustion in 2050, by analyzing various emission scenarios. Based on scenarios from the CLEO project Strategies for future forest management an analysis if future increase in biomass fuel demand could be met by domestically harvested forest biomass output is also made. The emission scenarios in this study are based on scenarios for fuel consumption developed during the Swedish Roadmap 2050 project and from the IEA NETP Carbon-Neutral high Bioenergy Scenario, in combination with Swedish national emission factors and emission factors corresponding to Best Available Technology. In addition, emission data from EU Commission baseline projection has been used. Generally, the results in this study show that PM emissions 2007-2030 decrease significantly in all scenarios due to an expected reduction in the domestic transport sector. Moreover, this study indicates that PM emission trends 2030-2050 largely will depend on the end use sector, the combustion and emission abatement technology, and the type and quality of biomass used in Sweden. In particular, this applies to the small scale combustion sector. However, the level of PM2.5 emissions estimated for Sweden from this sector are uncertain - largely related to the emission measurement method used to derive the Swedish national EFs and the lack of sufficiently detailed knowledge of the type and extent of use of existing small scale combustion appliances in Sweden. The analysis made in this study indicates that there is a theoretical potential to fulfill most of the needs at a high biomass use scenario by increased harvesting of biomass in Sweden by 2050. Den här rapporten finns endast på engelska. Svensk sammanfattning finns i rapporten.This study has been part of the CLEO research program funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The main aim of the study was to assess influences on air pollutant emissions by increased substitution of fossil fuels with biomass fuels for combustion in 2050, by analyzing various emission scenarios
PI-Nordic - En strategisk forsknings- och innovationsagenda för processintensfiering och innovation i processindustrier
No full textA continued and sustainable growth in the Process Industry sector remains essential for Sweden’s economy. The strategic research agenda PI-Nordic describes a vison and way forward for the development and implementation of Process Intensification (PI) as an essential element for promoting this development. The agenda covers the chemical, water, forest, food, drug and mining industries, the equipment manufacturers and suppliers, the build-up of knowledge and expertise in academia and research institutes, and the essential role of funding bodies.En fortsatt och hållbar tillväxt inom Processindustrisektorn är fortsatt avgörande för Sveriges ekonomi. Den strategiska forskningsagendan PI-Nordic beskriver en vision och en väg framåt för utveckling och implementering av Process Intensification (PI) som en väsentlig del för att främja denna utveckling. Dagordningen täcker kemi-, vatten-, skogs-, livsmedels-, läkemedels- och gruvindustrin, utrustningstillverkare och leverantörer, uppbyggnaden av kunskap och expertis inom akademi och forskningsinstitut, och finansiärernas viktiga roll
Effektiva åtgärder mot spridning av skärvätskedimma och luftvägsproblem från skärvätskor
No full textFörekomst av utbrott av luftvägsbesvär har rapporterats vid arbete med skärvätskor. Tidigare forskning om luftvägsbesvär från skärvätskor visar att flera ämnen som förekommer i skärvätskedimma kan bidra till besvären. Studier har gjorts vid åtta företag för att undersöka hur skärvätskedimma sprids i arbetsmiljön och hur spridning av och exponering för skärvätskedimma kan undvikas. Samma skärvätska kan uppfattas som både mycket bra och mycket problematisk på olika företag. Detta tyder på att mikrobiologiska faktorer bidrar till besvären. Skötseln av skärvätskan är viktig för att minska förekomsten av besvär. Val av skärvätska och skärvätskans kemiska sammansättning har också stor betydelse. Inom projektet har mätningar gjorts av partikelhalten i luft som indikator på skärvätske-dimma. Denna mätmetod har visat sig vara effektiv för att identifiera källor som sprider skärvätskedimma. Projektets slutsatser är att besvär kan uppkomma även med bra skärvätskor och även om skärvätskan sköts väl. Därför är det klokt att utforma arbetsmetoder, maskiner, inkapslingar och ventilation så att spridning av och exponering för skärvätskedimma undviks. Befintliga inkapslingar och ventilation fungerar ofta inte tillräckligt bra för att effektivt fånga in skärvätskedimman. Insatser som minskar spridning av och exponering för skärvätskor är bland annat att säkerställa att befintliga inkapslingar och ventilation av maskiner fungerar väl, vilket de ofta inte gör idag. Dagen praxis ger inte tillräckligt bra skydd mot skärvätskedimma. Genom god utformning, kan luftvägsbesvär undvikas, även om skärvätskan skulle infekteras och mikroorganismer växa till. Dessutom behöver arbetsmetoderna ses över så att exponering för skärvätskedimma undviks. Åtgärder behövs för att hindra skärvätska från att ansamlas i ventilationssystemet. Luftrenare som placeras i ventilationssystemet direkt efter de maskiner där skärvätska används är en effektiv åtgärd som minskar förekomsten av skärvätska i frånluften och ger möjlighet att bättre dimensionera processutsug.Studies have been made at eight companies to evaluate how mist from metal working fluids, MWF, is spread in the working environment and how spreading of and exposure to MWF mist can be avoided. Research shows that several substances can contribute to and cause respiratory complaints and illness due to MWF mist. There is a great variation in the prevalence of complaints and illness. The same MWF can be assessed as both good and poor in different companies. This indicates that microbiological factors contribute to the complaints and illness. The maintenance of the fluids is important to reduce complaints. Selection of fluid and the chemical composition of the fluid are important as well. The strategy applied in this project was to measure the concentration of particles as an indicator of mist from MWFs. The strategy has proven to be effective in identifying emission sources. It is however important to be aware of the presence of other particle sources that may affect the measurements. One main conclusion from the project is: ? Complaints and illness due to MWF mist may occur with many MWFs, even those which are judged to be “good” and those which are well maintained. Consequently it is wise to design working methods, machines, casing and ventilation in such a manner that emission of and exposure to MWF mist is avoided. The current praxis for encapsulation and process ventilation has proven to be insufficient, as spreading of MWF mist occurs, despite encapsulation and process ventilation. Measures that reduce emission and exposure to MWF mist are e.g. ? Ensure that there are casings of the machines and that there are no leakages from the casings. Such leakages were frequently found in the studied companies. ? Ensure that the ventilation is effective. This requires sufficient exhaust air flow is. In the studied companies, ventilation was frequently not effective enough. ? Measures to reduce accumulation of MWF in the ventilation ducts are needed. A good solution is a filter or cyclone that captures the MWF mist in the exhaust air close to the machines and reduces transport of MWF mist into the ventilation system. If the mist is not captured, there is a huge risk of accumulation of MWF pools in the ducts. Most of the studied companies did not have filters or cyclones. ? In addition to this, the working methods have to be adjusted to reduce exposure to MWF mist, e.g. reduced use of pressurized air and avoiding working inside casings of machines. With a good design of machines and ventilation in combination with good work practice, respiratory complaints and illness can be avoided, even if there is microbiological growth in the MWF. This report is only available in Swedish
On environmental LCA for selected transport fuels
No full textThis short report is part of the project ”Integrated assessment of vehicle fuels with sustainability LCA - social and environmental impacts in a life cycle perspective” financed by the Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels (f3) and the Swedish Energy Agency. The project aims at a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) of a few selected transport fuels including biomass based and fossil based fuels. The selected transport fuels include (i) Petrol from crude oil originating from oilfields in Nigeria, (ii) Petrol from crude oil originating from oilfields in Russia, (iii) Ethanol based on sugar cane from Brazil and (iv) Ethanol based on corn produced in the USA. The purpose with this report is to present comparable life cycle inventory results for a selection of environmental aspects for the studied transport fuel chains. A brief review of a few existing life cycle assessments of the four selected transport fuel chains was performed. It was found that the reviewed studies did not provide results that are easily comparable. Thus, in order to obtain comparable life cycle assessments, judged crucial for the continued analysis in the project, adapted life cycle inventories from the Ecoinvent centre (Ecoinvent centre, 2014) were adopted and presented in this study. The result will be further analysed in the project