IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
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Accountability in WASH : Explaining the concept
No full textAccountability is an effective entry point to work with water governance. In most countries, institutional arrangements for water service delivery are in place: policies, plans and institutions exist, yet performance remains poor. In this context, accountability, which works on improving the quality of relationships between the different stakeholders in service delivery arrangements, is a key element to make these institutional arrangements start to work. Accountability is about fighting the institutional inertia and make changes happen, through making the allocated responsibilities in the policy deliver results. To achieve an effective governance of water resources and services, decision-makers and service providers need to take responsibility for their decisions and services
Dialog för hållbar stadsutveckling
No full textAtt involvera medborgare, slutanvändare och intressenter i frågor som rör hållbar stadsutveckling har blivit en allt viktigare fråga under 2000-talet, både i Sverige och internationellt. I oktober 2015 samlades världens länder i New York för att anta 17 nya hållbarhetsmål, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) (FN, 2015). Ett av målen handlar om att städer och samhällen ska vara hållbara, inkluderande och säkra. I ett av delmålen poängteras att det till 2030 behövs bättre inkludering av stadens invånare och en ökad kapacitet för deltagande, integrering och hållbar planering i alla världens länder. IVL har kompetens inom många miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor med relevans för stadutveckling, exempelvis energi, klimat, byggande, inomhusmiljö och sociala frågor. I den här rapporten ger vi en kort kunskapsöversikt i hur deltagande kan användas i olika projekt som rör hållbar stadsutveckling, vilken nytta det kan ge och vilka utmaningarna är. This report is only available in Swedish.Att involvera medborgare, slutanvändare och intressenter i frågor som rör hållbar stadsutveckling har blivit en allt viktigare fråga under 2000-talet, både i Sverige och internationellt. I den här rapporten ges en kort kunskapsöversikt i hur deltagande kan användas i olika projekt som rör hållbar stadsutveckling, vilken nytta det kan ge och vilka utmaningarna är
A review of North American biofel production, policies and research
No full textThis report is the result of a collaborative project within the Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels (f3). Information for the report was collected through literature reviews and interviews with leading researchers in Canada and the US during a research trip to attend the Advanced Biofuels Symposium in Montreal. The production of biofuels has increased dramatically in North America in recent years. The United States (U.S.) is leading this development and has promoted biofuels through a number of policies and mandates through the Renewable Fuels Standard to drive production, research and innovation in the area. Canada has also intensified the promotion of biofuels in recent years through the Renewable Fuels Regulation, in addition to a number of provincial policies and mandates to promote biofuels. Ethanol is currently the dominant fuel in both countries, with blend rates in petrol between 5-10 percent, but with even higher blends in some areas in development, depending upon the region. The promotion and policies for ethanol fuels help to drastically increase their production and use in the past 10 years. The U.S. is currently the largest producer of ethanol in the world, with nearly 55 billion liters of ethanol produced in 2014. Canada has also seen a large increase in biofuel production during the last 10 years, with production increasing by a factor of 10. Currently Canada produces roughly 1.7 billion liters of ethanol per year. Other biofuels, such as biodiesel, have only marginal volumes in comparison, although roughly 300 million liters of biodiesel were produced in 2014 in Canada and 6 billion liters in the U.S.The following report provides a brief overview of the development, production, policies and trends promoting biofuels in Canada and the U.S. in addition to some key contacts for collaboration with the f3
Assessment of the Impact of China's CDM Projects on Sustainable Development
No full textClimate change and sustainable development are the two great challenges that the mankind must face today and it is internationally recognized that the climate change shall be addressed under the framework of sustainable development. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“the Convention”) taking effect in 1994 includes sustainable development as one of the three basic principles for addressing climate change and specifies that “the Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development. Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human‐induced change should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should be integrated with national development programmes, taking into account that economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate change.” The Delhi Ministerial Declaration on Climate Change and Sustainable Development (“the Delhi Declaration”) adopted at the Eighth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention held in New Delhi, India in 2002 further defines that climate change issues should be addressed under the framework of sustainable development. In this context, all the countries formulate national strategies against climate change and integrate them with those for sustainable development.This report is one of the important achievements of the EU‐China CDM Facilitation Project
Architecture of the EU Emissions Trading System in Phasae 3 and the Distribution of Allowance Asset Values
No full textA discussion paper about the recent changes to the EU Emissions Trading System introduce structural changes regarding the initial distribution of emissions allowances, which are worth tens of billions of euros
Dynamic calculations of climate impact of long-term energy scenarios
No full textThis report is only available in English
Sedimentundersökning i Hjälmaren
No full textI denna rapport redovisas kompletterande mätningar av fosforhalten i Hjälmarens vatten under maj-juli 2015, som genomförts i Hjälmarens vattenvårdsförbunds regi
EcoWater - Synthesis report from the 1st Round of Case Study events
No full textThe Deliverable 6.1 presents the main outcomes from the 1st Round of the EcoWater Case Study events, which comprises the: Monte Novo Workshop (Évora, Portugal, April 2012); Sinistra Ofanto Workshop (Bari, Italy, October 2012); Volvo Automotive Industry Workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden, March 2013). The Case Study Workshops were aimed at introducing the EcoWater concept and objectives to local audiences and strengthen linkages and collaborations with local actors. During the events, the EcoWater project and its anticipated results were presented and the main aspects of the specific Case Studies were analyzed. The discussions held in the Case Study events were mainly dedicated to:? Demonstrating the relevance of the Project approach in supporting local policy decisions and actions, and obtaining feedback on work already undertaken at the Case Studies, in relation to value chain mapping and baseline eco-efficiency assessments; Consolidating the applicability of the employed approach, particularly with regard to economic assessments, taking into consideration the interactions among the different conomic actors involved; Jointly deciding on the environmental aspects that should be taken into consideration and the technologies that should be assessed through the Project. The Case Study Workshops also included field visits and joint activities for the familiarization of the Project Partners with the Study areas, and for the identification of the main points to be included in the analysis based on the input provided by the local stakeholders. The 1 st Round of the EcoWater Case Study Workshops fostered the dissemination of the Project and its preliminary results to the local actors and provided useful outcomes for the Case Study Development processes and the research activities of the Project. This report is only available in English
Emissionsprognoser och scenarier: Behovsanalys - SCAC arbetspaket 2:1
No full textThis report is only available in Swedish
God praxis för säker mögelsanering
No full textI samband med ROT-arbeten förekommer det att arbete måste göras i byggkonstruktioner där det finns mögel. Ofta kommer mögelförekomsten som en oväntad och oönskad överraskning. Arbete med och rivning av konstruktioner som är angripna av mögel, innebär att sporer och fragment av mögel som innehåller mögelgifter och cellväggskomponenter sprids till arbetsmiljön. Inandning av dessa partikulära luftföroreningar kan ha allvarliga hälsoeffekter. De hälsoeffekter som är vanligast efter exponering för mögel, är olika former av påverkan på luftvägarna, bland annat ODTS, Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome. I allvarliga fall kan en luftvägssjukdom, allergisk alveolit, utvecklas. Akut insjuknande med influensaliknande symptom och feber förekommer också och uppkommer några timmar efter exponering. Målet med denna studie är att utveckla konkreta råd och rekommendationer som kan tillämpas i det dagliga arbetet och som innebär att arbetet kan göras på ett säkert sätt och med god kvalitet vid mögelsanering samt ROT-arbete som kan innebära att man måste arbeta med mögelangripna konstruktioner. Resultatet i projektet är: Den enklaste riskbedömningsmetoden är att utgå från att det kan förekomma mögel i de miljöer där det kan förekomma fuktskador. Sådana miljöer är bland annat alla våtutrymmen (toaletter, badrum, kök) men också i vissa riskkonstruktioner som man känner till. Med tanke på risken att utveckla ODTS och allergisk alveolit, ska exponering för mögel och mögelhaltigt damm undvikas. Kända åtgärder som skyddar mot den ofta mycket höga exponeringen för damm vid ROT- och rivningsarbeten skyddar också mot exponering för och spridning av mögel. Vi rekommenderar att man inför en praxis för ROT-arbeten med risk för förekomst av mögel, som normalt sett ska följas. För att göra avsteg krävs en riskbedömning som visar att risken för exponering för damm och mögel är så liten att dessa åtgärder inte är motiverade.It is not uncommon during rebuilding, renovation and extending operations (RRE) that work is done in constructions where mould is present. The occurrence of mould is often unexpected and an unwanted surprise. Work with, and deconstruction of mould-infested constructions results in spores and mould fragments containing mycotoxins and cell wall components being spread to the work environment. Inhalation of these particulate air pollutants can have serious adverse health effects. The most common health effects due to exposure to mould are different forms of respiratory diseases, e.g. ODTS, Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome. A respiratory disease, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EEA, can arise in serious cases. Acute illness with flu-like symptoms and fever also occurs, symptoms arising a few hours after exposure. The aim of the study is to develop concrete advice and recommendations that can be applied in everyday work. When applying the advice and recommendations, exposure should be reduced to a level where mould remediation and RRE work in mould infested structures can be done safely and without risk of adverse health effects. The results of the project are: The simplest risk assessment method is to assume that there could be mould in those environments that could be water damaged. Such environments include wet rooms (toilets, bathrooms, kitchens), but also in certain known risk structures. Given the risk of developing ODTS and EEA, all exposure to mould and dust containing mould should be avoided. Measures known to protect against the often very high concentrations of dust during RRE and demolition work, also protects against exposure to and spreading of mould. These measures include using personal protective equipment such as a respirator in combination with ventilation and enclosure of the working area to avoid spreading of mould and dust to surrounding premises and thorough cleaning and vacuuming of the working area after finishing the work. We recommend introducing this specific practice for RRE operations where there is a risk of mould exposure. If choosing to omit these measures, a comprehensive risk assessment should be carried out to demonstrate that the risk of exposure to dust and mould is insignificant. This report is only available in Swedish