University College Stockholm
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“Where All Are Guilty, No One Is”? : A systematic theological explorative study on sin, guilt and responsibility in context of the climate catastrophe
No full textThe aim of this study is to explore how the concept of sin, guilt and responsibility can be used in the contemporary discourse of the climate catastrophe. In a comparative textual study on Sallie McFague’s A New Climate for Theology and Richard Bauckham’s Bible and Ecology these concepts are analyzed. The conclusion is that McFague and Bauckham both uses “responsibility” frequently, but neither “sin” or “guilt” are well used in there works. Yet, when they reflect on “sin”, both of them abandons the (in the western theology classical) Augustine theology on sin. McFague when she argues that “evil” is a perversion of good rather than a consequence of an external reality, Bauckham when he claims that the fall of sin is an ongoing process rather than a momentary event. Hannah Arendt and Alistair McFadyen are used as an interpretative and theoretical background to the conclusions of McFague and Bauckham in the discussion that follows the comparative textual study. Arendt and McFadyen reflects on sin, guilt and responsibility with the Holocaust as context. In the discussion, their thoughts on the Holocaust are essayed to apply on the contemporary climate catastrophe. Hannah Arendt talks about “collective responsibility” and “personal guilt”, concepts that in the discussion part, when applied on the climate catastrophe and in a better way fits the contemporary situation, inverts to “collective guilt” and “personal responsibility”. The talk of collective guilt tangent the Augustine teaching of original sin where sin is a common heritage from the fall of sin. McFadyen uses original sin to explain the mechanism of the German people during the Holocaust which in many ways are similar to the processes of the climate catastrophe of today. In the discussion of this study, original sin is used as a model to better understand the fact that people cannot escape guilt in the contemporary situation and to comprehend why people act as they do. The study intends accordingly to in a constructive way contribute with new perspectives on sin, guild and responsibility to the ecological theology of today
A study on the sanctions against Eritrea
No full textThis thesis aims to increase understanding of the sanctions imposed on Eritrea by the United Nations Security Council. The question this thesis asks is “why the security council imposed the sanctions”, and “how did these sanctions affect the country and its population?”. In this study, I have used text analysis, a content analysis method to analyze the resolution the protocol, in order to gain understanding of the motive for sanctions. The resolution and the protocol are the primary source of information. As a secondary source of information, I have used several research analyses. These selected materials have been helpful to answer the questions this thesis raised. The results reveal that sanctions imposed on a country appear to never reach their targets, they rather hurt the common people. It is also observed that sanction have negative consequences for a country. They can lead to political turmoil, economic hardship, and they can worsen the standard of living for people within a country. When people do not see a bright future in their own country, they will leave in hope of finding a better life elsewhere. Sanctions also have a negative impact on democracy. To stay in power, the rulers in a country will take undemocratic measures such as being more restrictive on opposition groups, journalists, and introduce changes in many areas that may be perceived as undemocratic. Ultimately international organization has failed to reach its goals. If the organization choose to impose sanctions against a country, the sanctions have to be well thought out and should be based on facts. The UN’s treatment of Eritrea can be called into question. Due to the sanctions, four million people in Eritrea live under critical condition and many of the country’s young population flee the country for better life elsewhere. One should remember that the UN’s sanctions have negative consequences for Eritrea.
Who was that Serpent? : A reception-historical analysis of the Serpent’s presentation in the Garden story at the breaking point of Jewish and Christian tradition.
No full textThis essay takes it’s approach in the role of the Serpent in the Garden story based on the Jewish and Christian tradition’s view of the Serpent in that narrative. The question the study is based on is whether the Serpent has changed character from the creation of the Garden story until about 400 years AD in Christian tradition. My conclusion in this reception-historical analysis of the Serpent is that it has different meanings in Jewish and Christian tradition. The Gnostic texts that began to emerge a couple of hundred years BC were not recognized in the Jewish tradition, while in the Christian tradition they lived with the interpretations, which is not least seen in the Book of Revelations, which is canon in the Christian tradition today. Augustine uses the Book of Revelation’s interpretations of the Serpent, where the Serpent is Satan, which the Gnostic texts write and the Book of Revelation is influenced by. Augustine is so wrapped up in the fact that the Serpent is Satan that he misses what it says in the most important and introductory sentence of Genesis 3:1. My conclusion is that because God created the Serpent, and therefore the Serpent can not be Satan because God is not evil. The dualistic worldview that emerges from God does not appear in the text, but the Christian interpretations of the Serpent have departed from the text, while the Jewish tradition has remained in the text’s view of the Serpent. The Serpent is not Satan based on Genesis 3
Η ανταπόκριση της Ρωσικής Εκκλησίας στην Πανορθόδοξο σύνοδο (The Response of the Russian Church to the Panorthodox Council)
No full textThe use of human rights in The EU's trade agreements : A case study of Mexico, Morocco and Peru
No full textSince the 1990s, EU has used human rights clauses as conditions in their trade agreements. In this thesis I will examine how these clauses has been utilized in agreements with Mexico, Morocco and Peru, how they differ from each other and furthermore study the effects that these may have had on the human rights situation in the countries. For the first part of my thesis I compared the content and the terms of clauses with each other, and the result was that they were quite similar but some important differences. In Mexico's agreement, there was an article which stipulated what cooperation on human rights should look like. In Peru's agreement, there was a section on labor rights. But besides that, it was the Universal declaration of human rights that all the clauses were based on. The second part of the thesis is to understand the impact that these agreements may have had on the different countries. The study showed that some improvements have been made, but they have been slow. From the material it could be deduced that there have been more improvements in Peru and Morocco than in Mexico. In the final step of my study, I wanted to link the results to a Press Freedom Index from Reporters Without Borders. This was to get a final indicator on the human rights situation. From the index it’s clear that the situation has not improved in Mexico, while it seems to have stagnated in Morocco and Peru
Together or apart : A study of the diversity activities, driven by four congregations in their own multiculturalcontext, within the Uniting Church of Sweden, the Region of Stockholm
No full textEn inventering och analys av de speciella vägval som multietniska församlingar i Equmeniakyrkan ställs inför när det gäller organisering och gudstjänstverksamhet utifrån sin mångfaldskaraktär och mångkulturella kontext. Studien genomfördes med intervjuer av medarbetare i fyra multietniska församlingar inom Equmeniakyrkan Region Stockholm och med två medarbetare från dess regionala kansli
The Spider in the Web? : A Study of Musical Leadership in the Uniting Church in Sweden
No full textDenna uppsats är en redogörelse och analys av olika motiv för musikledarskap som förekommer inom Equmeniakyrkan. Analysen är baserad på en översikt av teologiska beskrivningar av tjänst och kallelse samt en enkätundersökning. Med hjälp av en egenkonstruerad teologisk analysmodell synliggörs frågor om ansvar, angelägenhet och identitet. Uppgiften är att redogöra för individuella, lokala och nationella beskrivningar av musikledarskap inom Equmeniakyrkan, och synliggöra hur olika motiv relaterar till varandra. Uppsatsens resultat och slutsats visar att det förekommer fyra olika kategorier av övergripande motiv för musikledarskap inom Equmeniakyrkan. Personer inom dessa olika kategorier kan utöva musikledarskap, men deras motiv skiljer sig åt. En sådan mångfald av olika musikledarskap kan utgöra teologiska och praktiska problem. I många fall är motiven oförenliga i förståelsen av en gemensam teologisk identitet. De står samtidigt i kontrast till Equmeniakyrkans officiella identitet som en enande kyrka i Sverige
Vaccination : The introduction of obligatory vaccination legislation in Sweden
No full textVåren 2019 inkom det motioner till Svenska Riksdagen angående förslag gällande införandet av lagstiftning om obligatorisk vaccination. Utifrån detta kommer uppsatsen genom en fiktiv argumentationsanalys behandla ämnet ur ett rättighetsperspektiv, med fokus på tre rättigheter; rätten till hälsa, rätten till kroppslig integritet samt rätten till utbildning. Argumenten i de två olika kapitlen utgår från svensk lagstiftning samt internationella fördrag, såsom mänskliga rättigheter och Europeiska unionens stadgar. Uppsatsen besvarar även i argumentationen frågeställningar om varför obligatorisk vaccination bör vara en mänsklig skyldighet enligt rätten till hälsa samt vilka mänskliga rättigheter en lagstiftning om obligatorisk vaccination bryter mot. Syftet med uppsatsen är att nå fram till ett översiktligt svar gällande om individuell rätt, såsom kroppslig integritet och utbildning eller allmän folkhälsa bör prioriteras i frågan. Detta undersöks även med hjälp av Marion Youngs teori om den sociala förbindelsens ansvarsmodell, som syftar till att vi är moraliska aktörer som har en moralisk skyldighet till alla människor att minimera lidande. Slutsatserna i uppsatsens sista del visar att uppsatsens tes motbevisas genom argumentationen
