The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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Reliability of the accelerometer to control the effects of physical activity in older adults.
No full textBACKGROUND: Reliable physical activity measurements in community-dwelling older adults are important to determine effects of targeted health promotion interventions. Many exercise interventions aim to improve time spent sedentary (SED), in light-intensity-physical-activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity-physical-activity (MVPA), since these parameters have independently proposed associations with health and longevity. However, many previous studies rely on self-reports which have lower validity compared to accelerometer measured physical activity patterns. In addition, separating intervention-effects from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability for accelerometer assessments, which is lacking in older adults. OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to investigate the reliability of sensor-based PA-patterns in community-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, to investigate change over time of physical activity patterns and examine any compensatory-effect from the eight-week supervised exercise-intervention. METHODS: An exercise-group (n = 78, age-range:65-91yrs) performed two 1h-exercise sessions/week during eight-weeks. PA-pattern was assessed (using hip-worn accelerometers), twice before and once during the last-week of the intervention. A control-group (n = 43, age-range:65-88yrs) performed one pre-test and the end-test with no exercise-intervention. A dependent-t-test, mean-difference (95%-CI), limits-of-agreement and intraclass-correlation-coefficient-ICC were used between the two pre-tests. Repeated-measures-ANOVA were used to analyze any intervention-effects. RESULTS: The exercise-groups´ two pre-tests showed generally no systematic change in any PA- or SED-parameter (ICC ranged 0.75-0.90). Compared to the control group, the exercise intervention significantly (time x group-interaction, p<0.05) increased total-PA-cpm (exercise-group/control-group +17%/+7%) and MVPA-min/week (+41/-2min) and decreased %-of-wear-time for SED-total (-4.7%/-2.7%) and SED-bouts (-5.7%/-1.8%), and SED-bouts min/d (-46/-16min). At baseline level, no significant differences were found between the two groups for any parameter. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a good test-retest-reliability of sensor-based-one-week-assessed-PA-pattern in older-adults. Participating in an 8-week supervised exercise intervention improved some physical activity and sedentary parameters compared to the control group. No compensatory-effect was noted in the intervention-group i.e., no decrease in any PA-parameter or increase in SED at End-test (in %-of-wear-time, min/day or total-PA)
P03-09 Cross-sectional associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents
No full textProjektet samfinansieras av KK-stiftelsen, Coop AB, Skanska, IKEA, Generation Pep, Skandia och Konsumentföreningen Stockholm samt GIH.</p
Leisure-time organised physical activity and dietary intake among Swedish adolescents.
No full textThis study aimed to investigate associations between participation in leisure-time organised physical activity (LTOPA) and dietary intake in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents participating in the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-2017. A sample of 2807 participants aged 11-12, 14-15 and 17-18 years were included. Information about LTOPA and dietary intake were collected through questionnaires and two 24-hour recalls on the web (RiksmatenFlex). For dietary intake, overall healthy eating index, intake of fruit, vegetables, candy, sugar-sweetened beverages, and the proportion of added sugar to total energy intake were analysed. Significance-testing for associations was performed with analysis of covariance. LTOPA was associated with lower sugar-sweetened beverages intake among adolescent boys (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.012) and girls (p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.005), higher fruit intake among boys (p = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.003), and lower vegetable intake among girls (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.009). However, LTOPA was unrelated to the overall healthy eating index, candy intake, and the proportion of added sugar to total energy intake (p > 0.05). LTOPA was only associated with some healthy eating behaviours, and there is much room for improvement in the diets of Swedish adolescents
ABBaH teens : Activity Breaks for Brain Health in adolescents
No full textBACKGROUND: Physical activity breaks are widely being implemented in school settings as a solution to increase academic performance and reduce sitting time. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms suggested to improve cognitive function from physical activity and the frequency, intensity, and duration of the breaks remain unknown. This study will investigate the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on task-related prefrontal cerebral blood flow, cognitive performance, and psychological factors. Additionally, the moderating and mediating effects of arterial stiffness on changes in cerebral blood flow will be tested. METHODS: This is a protocol for a randomized crossover study that will recruit 16 adolescents (13-14 years old). Participants will undergo three different conditions in a randomized order, on three separate days, involving sitting 80 min with a different type of break every 17 min for 3 min. The breaks will consist of (1) seated social breaks, (2) simple resistance activities, and (3) step-up activities. Before and after the 80-min conditions, prefrontal cerebral blood flow changes will be measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (primary outcome), while performing working memory tasks (1-, 2-, and 3-back tests). Arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) and psychological factors will also be assessed pre and post the 80-min interventions. DISCUSSION: Publication of this protocol will help to increase rigor in science. The results will inform regarding the underlying mechanisms driving the association between physical activity breaks and cognitive performance. This information can be used for designing effective and feasible interventions to be implemented in schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04552626 . Retrospectively registered on September 21, 2020.Projektet samfinansieras av KK-stiftelsen, Coop AB, Skanska, IKEA, Generation Pep, Skandia och Konsumentföreningen Stockholm samt GIHHjärnhälsa i skolan Delprojekt II: Skolor i högstadiet med förlängda dagar med fysisk aktivitet och läxläsnin
Finns det en relative age effect på slutbetyg i svenska grundskolan? : En kvantitativ studie kring hur den relativa ålderseffekten speglas på betyget i svenskagrundskolan.
No full textRelativ ålderseffekt eller relativ age effekt (RAE) åberopar skillnader i kognitiva och biologiska förmågor som uppstår mellan människor grupperade efter deras kronologiska ålder. Syfte: Att genom hypotesprövning på en kohortpopulation undersöka om födelsetidpunkt samverkar med vilket betyg elever uppnått i ämnet Idrott & Hälsa i den svenska grundskolan. Denna studie utfördes för att undersöka om svenska skolverksamheten är likvärdig utifrån ett relativt åldersperspektiv. Metod: Studien tillämpade en kvantitativ ansats och datamaterialet omfattade betyg och födelsedata vilket har erhållits från Utbildningsförvaltningen, Stockholms stad. Datamaterialet inkluderade totalt 23 940 datapunkter, och omfattade årskurserna 6 och 9 från åren 2015 –2016 och 2020 – 2021. Resultat: Studien visade att det finns ett statistiskt samband mellan när elever är födda och sannolikheten att få högsta betyg i Idrott & Hälsa. Det fanns inget statistiskt samband mellan när eleverna var födda och sannolikheten till ett godkänt betyg i Idrott & Hälsa för båda årskurserna. Studien visade även att elevernas födelsetidpunkt är statistisk signifikant för att delvis förutspå betygsättningen i skolämnet Idrott & Hälsa. Vid jämförelse av RAE för Idrott & Hälsa gentemot skolämnena Engelska och Matematik, kunde inte skillnad av effekten påvisas för årskurs 6, däremot förekom det statistik signifikant skillnader för årskurs 9. Slutsatser: Studiens visar att det föreligger en RAE vid betygsättning inom Idrott & Hälsa i grundskolan inom Stockholms kommun
Burnout och Work-Family Conflict hos alpina U16-tränare : Ideellt arbete med hälsan som insats?
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förekomsten av, samt faktorer som bidrar till work-family conflict (WFC) och burnout bland ideella och icke-ideella U16-tränare inom alpin skidåkning. För att besvara syftet ställdes frågeställningarna: “hur ser förekomsten av burnout och WFC ut hos ideella respektive heltidsanställda alpina U16-tränare?”, “finns det något samband mellan WFC och burnout för alpina U16-tränare?” och “finns det något samband mellan arbetade timmar, burnout och WFC hos alpina U16-tränare?”. Metod Studien var kvantitativ och bestod av en enkät, som besvarades av 11 svenska alpina U16-tränare, varav tio ideella med ett heltidsarbete vid sidan av, och en heltidsanställd tränare. Enkäten syftade till att ta reda på hur många timmar de arbetat de senaste sju dagarna, samt vilken typ av arbetsform; ideell eller heltid, de hade. Den syftar även till att mäta respektive tränares grad av burnout och WFC. För att ta reda på om det fanns något samband mellan WFC och burnout så analyserades data gällande WFC och burnout genom Spearmans korrelation för icke parametriska data. Samtliga beräkningar gjordes i Excel Version 2021. Resultat Medelvärdet för burnout hos de ideella tränarna var 3,07 och 1,32 för den heltidsanställda tränaren. Medelvärdet för WFC hos de ideella tränarna var 15,64 och heltidsanställda tränarens värde var 7. Sambandet (R-värdet) mellan WFC och burnout för samtliga tränare var 0,31, men P-värdet var 0,35, vilket innebar avsaknad av signifikans och låg power. För de ideella tränarna så fanns två tendenser vid fler arbetade timmar; en ökning av burnoutvärden och en sänkning av WFC-värden. Slutsats För att få signifikanta resultat hade ett högre deltagarantal behövts men det finns ändå tendenser till ett samband mellan WFC och burnout för svenska alpina U16-tränare, även om detta samband var svagare än i tidigare studier. Det fanns även tendenser kring att ideella tränare upplever både en högre grad av burnout och en högre grad av WFC än heltidsanställda alpina U16-tränare, där dels typen arbetsform, och dels antalet arbetade timmar verkar vara två nyckelfaktorer.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p
Reflections From a Post-Pandemic Library
No full textOne of the many lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic is the importance of connecting and collaborating with students and staff in and outside the library. Because of Covid, the interaction was kept at a minimum and limited to the occasional zoom-based lectures or individual instructions. After reopening our library, we experienced a dramatic drop in library visits and library use. In this reflective text, we discuss the challenges we faced as we returned to a new normal
Alcohol Consumption Over the Retirement Transition in Sweden : Different Trajectories Based on Education
No full textRetirement is a major life transition that involves changes to everyday routines, roles, and habits. Previous studies suggest that retirement may influence drinking habits. Many natural inhibitors of alcohol consumption disappear with the removal of work constraints. The potential impact depends on both individual and contextual factors. Women in the cohorts undergoing retirement now have been more active on the labor market, including the occupation of higher status jobs, which indicates more financial resources as well as a larger role loss after retirement. Also, the current cohorts who retire have had more liberal drinking habits throughout their lives compared to previous cohorts. We therefore examined changes in alcohol consumption surrounding retirement in different education groups among women and men undergoing retirement using annual data from the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, a longitudinal national study of 60- to 66-year-olds (n = 5,913), from 2015 to 2018. Latent growth curve models were used to estimate trajectories of alcohol consumption. Results showed that those who retired during the follow-up increased their usual weekly alcohol consumption while those who worked or were retired throughout the period had stable drinking habits. Those who were retired reported the highest alcohol consumption. The increase surrounding retirement was driven by people with higher education. Women with tertiary education and men with intermediate or tertiary education increased their weekly alcohol intake after retirement, while those with low education had unchanged drinking habits. Mechanisms and motivations that may fuel increased alcohol intake among people with higher education should be further investigated
Athletic Identity and Shoulder Overuse Injury in Competitive Adolescent Tennis Players: The Smash Cohort Study
No full textObjectives: Our primary aim was to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with shoulder overuse injuries. Secondly, we aimed to determine if athletic identity is prospectively associated with playing through pain and to describe how athletic identity relates to sex, age, playing level, weekly training load, and match volume. Methods: A cohort of 269 adolescent tennis players were followed over a period of 52 weeks. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of first-time shoulder overuse injury associated with every 10-unit increase on the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: The adjusted HRR of shoulder overuse injury was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.36-2.20) and the odds ratio of playing through pain was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.74-8.96) for every 10 unit increase on AIMS. The level of athletic identity was higher among players at the national level than among players at the regional level and was weakly correlated to weekly hours of tennis matches, tennis training, and fitness training. Conclusions: Our results indicate that higher levels of athletic identity may be associated with a lower incidence of shoulder overuse injuries, and potentially with playing through pain, although these results are inconclusive due to wide confidence intervals
Cross-sectional associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents.
No full textOBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1139 Swedish adolescents (mean age 13.4) from 34 schools participated in the cross-sectional study 'Physical Activity for Healthy Brain Functions in School Youth' in 2019. METHODS: Time spent sedentary and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Screen time and sports participation were self-reported. Anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed using a Short version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Kidscreen-10. RESULTS: MVPA was positively associated (95% CI 0.01 to 0.05 in girls and 0.02 to 0.07 in boys) whereas screen time on weekdays was inversely associated with HRQoL (-4.79 to -2.22 in girls and -2.66 to -0.41 in boys). The largest effect sizes were observed between the high/low MVPA group in boys (Cohen's d=0.51) and screen time groups in girls (Cohen's d=0.59 on weekdays). With regards to anxiety, high compared with lower time spent in MVPA during leisure time on weekdays was associated with lower anxiety scores (95% CI -0.13 to -0.05 in girls and -0.07 to -0.01 in boys). Gender differences were observed, boys who participated in organised sports had low anxiety scores (95% CI -3.49 to -0.13) whereas girls who reported 5 hours or more of screen time had high scores (95% CI 1.94 to 6.18 on weekdays and 1.39 to 5.29 on weekend days). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that MVPA was associated with better mental health, whereas the opposite was seen for screen time. These associations were not consistently significant throughout all time domains, between the genders and mental health outcomes. Our results could create a paradigm for future studies to decide which types of PA patterns and time domains to target in intervention studies with the aim improve mental health among adolescents.This study was conducted in collaboration with Coop, IKEA, Skanska, Skandia, Stockholm Consumer Cooperative Society and the Swedish Crown Princess Couple’s Foundation/Generation Pep.</p