The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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STIHL Timbersports® and the Reconceptualization of Modern Sport in the Light of Decontextualization and Eventification of Forestry Work
No full textThis article examines STIHL Timbersports® and its amalgamation of craftmanship, competition, eventification and branding, through the lens of decontextualization of sport. It thus revisits and revitalizes the concept of sportification, as well as discusses the characteristics of sport such as authenticity and “uncertainty of outcome”. The aim of the article is to grasp the different processes that challenge our common positions regarding sport, which may in turn progress sport beyond the prevalent conceptualization of modern sport
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Competitive Athletes : A Mixed-Studies Systematic Review.
No full textBACKGROUND: While the psychosocial risk factors for traumatic injuries have been comprehensively investigated, less is known about psychosocial factors predisposing athletes to overuse injuries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to systematically identify studies and synthesise data that examined psychosocial risk factors for overuse injuries in athletes. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, supplemented by hand searching of journals and reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Quantitative and qualitative studies involving competitive athletes, published prior to July 2021, and reporting the relationship between psychosocial variables and overuse injury as an outcome were reviewed. This was limited to academic peer-reviewed journals in Swedish, English, German, Spanish and French. An assessment of the risk of bias was performed using modified versions of the RoBANS and SBU Quality Assessment Scale for Qualitative Studies. RESULTS: Nine quantitative and five qualitative studies evaluating 1061 athletes and 27 psychosocial factors were included for review. Intra-personal factors, inter-personal factors and sociocultural factors were found to be related to the risk of overuse injury when synthesised and reported according to a narrative synthesis approach. Importantly, these psychosocial factors, and the potential mechanisms describing how they might contribute to overuse injury development, appeared to be different compared with those already known for traumatic injuries. CONCLUSIONS: There is preliminary evidence that overuse injuries are likely to partially result from complex interactions between psychosocial factors. Coaches and supporting staff are encouraged to acknowledge the similarities and differences between traumatic and overuse injury aetiology
Combinations of BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness categories : trends between 1995 and 2020 and associations with CVD incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality in 471 216 adults.
No full textAIMS: To describe time trends in combinations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) status, and to analyse their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort study with data from occupational health screenings in Swedish employees, including n = 471 216 (aged 18-74 years) between 1995 and 2020, and n = 169 989 in risk analyses. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from a submaximal cycle test. High CRF was defined as top quartile, and low CRF as bottom quartile. Body mass index was used to define normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (≥30 kg/m2). Outcome data (CVD incidence and mortality, all-cause mortality) were obtained from national registers. From 1995 to 2020, the combination of obesity + low CRF increased from 2.1% to 5.3% (relative increase 154%) whereas the combination of normal weight + high CRF decreased from 13.2% to 9.3% (-30%) (both P < 0.001). Negative changes were more pronounced in men, younger ages, and non-university educated. At the end of the period, prevalence of obesity + low CRF were higher in men vs. women (3.1% vs. 2.2%), older vs. younger (3.7% vs. 1.7%), and in non-university vs. university educated (5.0% vs. 0.3%), all P-value <0.001. Having a high CRF attenuated the risk of all three outcomes in all BMI categories, especially in individuals with obesity (hazard ratio 3.90 vs. 6.67 for CVD mortality). Both a low BMI and a high CRF prolonged age of onset for all three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of obesity with low CRF has increased markedly since the mid-90s, with clear implications for increased CVD morbidity and mortality, and all-cause mortality.HPI-gruppe
Individual Musculoskeletal Characteristics of Runners and Advanced Footwear Technology
No full textBackground: In recent years, sudden improvements in long-distance running performance have been suggested to be due to the latest technological innovations in running footwear. However, inter-individual differences appear to be large in the performance enhancing effect these shoes elicit where some runners experience a decline in performance while others improve substantially. The reason for this is not yet fully understood but may be due to differences in anthropometric and neuromuscular characteristics between runners. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between individual anthropometrical and neuromuscular characteristics of runners with changes in running mechanics while wearing these new generation shoes. Method: Eight male endurance runners performed four different testing protocols during one single visit. These consisted of an anthropometrical protocol where measurements of height, weight, leg length and Achilles tendon moment arm length were determined; a jumping protocol where vertical stiffness and eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) were recorded using a force platform; a running protocol where contact time, step length, ankle propulsive power and knee absorption power were measured using a force platform and a 12-camera motion analysis system; and finally a force-velocity protocol where each participant performed calf raises and back squats with incremental loads in a smith machine while barbell velocity was simultaneously recorded. The collected data were then statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Results: Greater peak power in the back squat was associated with a greater reduction in peak knee absorption power (r = -0,905, p = 0,005) and less vertical stiffness during jumping was associated with longer step lengths with the advanced footwear technology (AFT) shoes (r = -0,738, p = 0,046). No associations were found between vertical stiffness during jumping and contact time, EUR with step length and contact time, peak power in the calf raise and Achilles tendon moment arm with peak ankle propulsive power. Conclusion: Runners with less vertical stiffness in the lower limb during jumping exhibited greater step length increase with AFT shoes. This may be due to the spring-like behavior the shoes possess. However, the larger step length increases the demands on lower limb strength and runners with less power in the lower limb may increase their knee absorption power during ground contact, leading to potentially less efficient running mechanics. Those with greater power in the lower limb may, on the other hand, run more efficiently by decreasing their knee absorption power leading to less muscular effort.Bakgrund: De senaste årens förbättringar inom långdistanslöpning har föreslagits bero på de teknologiska framstegen som gjorts inom löparskokonstruktion. Det verkar emellertid finnas en skillnad i den prestationshöjande effekt som dessa skor framkallar, där vissa löpare upplever en försämring medan andra förbättras avsevärt. Orsaken till detta är fortsatt okänt men kan ha att göra med skillnader i antropometriska och neuromuskulära egenskaper mellan löpare. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka sambandet mellan individuella antropometriska och neuromuskulära egenskaper hos löpare med förändringar i löpmekanik som dessa nya generationens skor framkallar.Metod: Åtta manliga långdistanslöpare utförde fyra olika testprotokoll under ett enda besök. Dessa bestod av ett antropometriskt protokoll där längd, vikt, benlängd och momentarmslängd av Akillessenan mättes; ett hopprotokoll där vertikal styvhet och EUR registrerades med hjälp av en kraftplatta; ett löpprotokoll där kontakttid, steglängd, fotledskraft och knäledskraft mättes med hjälp av kraftplattor och ett rörelseanalyssystem med 12 kameror; och slutligen ett kraft-hastighetsprotokoll där varje deltagare utförde tåhävningar och knäböj med stigande belastning i en smith-maskin medan skivstångshastighet samtidigt registrerades. Den insamlade data analyserades därefter med Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test och Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Resultat: Högre peak power i benböj var associerat med en större minskning av maximal knäabsorptions power (r = -0,905, p = 0,005) och mindre vertikal styvhet under vertikalhopp var associerad med längre steglängd med AFT-skorna (r = -0,738, p = 0,046). Inget samband hittades mellan vertikal styvhet under vertikalhopp och kontakttid, EUR med steglängd och kontakttid, maximal power i tåhävningar och hälsenans momentarm med maximal propulsionspower i fotleden. Konklusion: Löpare med mindre vertikal styvhet i de nedre extremiteten under vertikalhopp uppvisade större steglängdsökning med AFT-skor. Detta kan bero på det fjäderliknande beteende skorna har. Den längre steglängden ökar dock kraven på styrkan i den nedre extremiteten och löpare med mindre kraft, har potentiell ökad knäabsorptions power under markkontakt vilket kan resultera i en mindre effektiv löpmekanik. De med bättre kraftutveckling i de nedre extremiteten kan däremot potentiellt springa mer effektivt med dessa nya generationens skor genom en minskning i knäabsorptions power vilket i sin tur leder till mindre muskulär ansträngning
Quantitative Measurements for Factors Influencing Implementation in School Settings : Protocol for A Systematic Review and A Psychometric and Pragmatic Analysis.
No full textINTRODUCTION: In order to address the effectiveness and sustainability of school-based interventions, there is a need to consider the factors affecting implementation success. The rapidly growing field of implementation-focused research is struggling to determine how to assess and measure implementation-relevant constructs. Earlier research has identified the need for strong psychometric and pragmatic measures. The aims of this review are therefore to (i) systematically review the literature to identify measurements of the factors influencing implementations which have been developed or adapted in school settings, (ii) describe each measurement's psychometric and pragmatic properties, (iii) describe the alignment between each measurement and the corresponding domain and/or construct of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). METHODS: Six databases (Medline, ERIC, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, and Web of Science) will be searched for peer-reviewed articles reporting on school settings, published from the year 2000. The identified measurements will be mapped against the CFIR, and analyzed for their psychometric and pragmatic properties. DISCUSSION: By identifying measurements that are psychometrically and pragmatically impactful in the field, this review will contribute to the identification of feasible, effective, and sustainable implementation strategies for future research in school settings
Physical Exercise as Treatment for PTSD : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a cluster of physical and psychiatric symptoms following military or civilian trauma. The effect of exercise on PTSD symptoms has previously been investigated in several studies. However, it has not been fully determined what type of exercise most impacts PTSD symptoms. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effects of different types of exercise on PTSD symptom severity and symptoms of coexisting conditions in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and SportDiscus, from database inception up until February 1, 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials published in English, participants having a PTSD diagnosis or clinically relevant symptoms, and participants randomly allocated to either a non-exercising control group or an exercise group. Data concerning the number of participants, age, exercise type and duration, PTSD symptom severity (primary outcome), and symptoms of coexisting conditions (secondary outcomes) were extracted. The subgroup analysis included high or low training dose, military trauma versus non-military trauma, the type of intervention (yoga versus other exercise), active or passive control condition, group training versus individual exercise, and study quality. The study quality and risk of bias were assessed using grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed with a mixed-effects model and restricted maximum likelihood as model estimator, and effect size was calculated as the standardized difference in mean and 95% CI. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the present review. Results showed a main random effect of exercise intervention (0.46; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.74) and a borderline significant interaction between more voluminous (>20 hours in total) and less voluminous (≤20 hours in total) exercise interventions (P = .07). No significant findings from the subgroup analysis were reported. The secondary outcome analysis showed a small but significant effect of exercise on depressive symptoms (0.20, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.38), and a larger effect on sleep (0.51, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.73). For substance use (alcohol and drugs combined) and quality of life, we found significant effects of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.98) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.69), respectively. No significant effect was found for anxiety (0.18, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.51), and no sign of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise can be an effective addition to PTSD treatment, and greater amounts of exercise may provide more benefits. However, as there were no differences found between exercise type, possibly due to the inclusion of a low number of studies using different methodologies, further research should aim to investigate the optimal type, dose, and duration of activity that are most beneficial to persons with PTSD.Militärprojekte
O3-6 The Healthy School Start Plus Study - A parental support programme to promote healthy behaviours and prevent childhood obesity in disadvantaged areas
No full textO9-2 Participants' and leaders' experiences of a family-based health promotion programme : A Healthy Generation
No full textFour Weeks of Power Optimized Sprint Training Improves Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players.
No full textPURPOSE: This study compared the effects of heavy resisted sprint training (RST) versus unresisted sprint training (UST) on sprint performance among adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-four male soccer players (age: 15.7 [0.5] y; body height: 175.7 [9.4] cm; body mass: 62.5 [9.2] kg) were randomly assigned to the RST group (n = 8), the UST group (n = 10), or the control group (n = 6). The UST group performed 8 × 20 m unresisted sprints twice weekly for 4 weeks, whereas the RST group performed 5 × 20-m heavy resisted sprints with a resistance set to maximize the horizontal power output. The control group performed only ordinary soccer training and match play. Magnitude-based decision and linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The RST group improved sprint performances with moderate to large effect sizes (0.76-1.41) across all distances, both within and between groups (>92% beneficial effect likelihood). Conversely, there were no clear improvements in the UST and control groups. The RST evoked the largest improvements over short distances (6%-8%) and was strongly associated with increased maximum horizontal force capacities (r = .9). Players with a preintervention deficit in force capacity appeared to benefit the most from RST. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of heavy RST led to superior improvements in short-sprint performance compared with UST among adolescent soccer players. Heavy RST, using a load individually selected to maximize horizontal power, is therefore highly recommended as a method to improve sprint acceleration in youth athletes