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Exploring Movement in Creative Dance: Introducing ‘Dancemblage’ in Physical Education Teacher Education
No full textMaterialities play a crucial role in both the educational practice of physical education (PE), and in physical education teacher education (PETE). This article explores how, often unnoticed, materialities, human as well as non-human, play part in movement exploration in creative dance in PETE. The methodological point of departure is a pedagogical unit in creative dance enacted as part of an optional dance course in a Swedish PETE program where movement exploration was studied. In the unit, students and a teacher collaboratively explored movement and movement assignments, including the use of materialities. In order to understand how materialities ‘co-act’ in movement exploration during class, this article provides a post-anthropocentric and Deleuzian approach. The concept dancemblage is introduced both as a way to analyse materiality and as something to work with in pedagogical practice. Moreover, the article suggests that by recognising dancemblages in creative dance teaching, teachers can be given a tool to further learn about learners’ explorations and to become open to divergent understandings about what it means to participate in creative danc
Selling youth sport : the production and promotion of immaterial values in commercialised child and youth sport
No full textThe contexts in which young people participate in sport are diverse. In Scandinavia, as in many other countries, child and youth sport is mainly organised in non-profit, membership-based and voluntary driven sports clubs. In Sweden, this model is now challenged by commercial businesses providing child and youth sport services. The overall aim of this article is to provide empirically based knowledge about these ongoing and largely unexplored commercialisation processes. The focus of the article is to illuminate how commercial businesses produce immaterial values through the promotion of sport services. In this article, we have explored the cultural and social values produced and promoted by commercial businesses in youth sport. Drawing on the website communications of eight commercial businesses from four different commercial strands, we use the concept of immaterial labour to consider the values produced when child and youth sport is turned into a desirable product on the market. The values generated from the texts on the selected websites are the immaterial values of (i) competence, (ii) individually adjusted training and, (iii) happiness. These values are enunciated differently by the businesses in the different strands. We situate the findings in relation to western social and cultural values and discuss the potential consequences of these value productions for contemporary ideas about youth sport and the way it should be organised
Bollspel i skolan
No full textSyfte & Frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur idrottslärare i Stockholmsområdet i årskurs 7-9 använder sig av bollspel i sin undervisning för att göra en kunskapsbedömningar kopplade till läroplanen och det centrala innehållet. 1. Hur motiverar idrottsläraren användningen av bollspel som ett moment i sinundervisning för att göra kunskapsbedömningar? 2. Hur motiverar lärarna användningen av bollspel som moment för att skapa lärande i hens undervisning? Metod Studiens ansats är kvalitativ och den metod som används för att besvara frågeställningarna är intervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter är KASAM-begreppen, läroplansteori samt det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande. Resultat Idrottslärarna motiverade att de använde sig av bollspel för att delaktigheten hos eleverna vid bollspelsundervisning var betydligt högre än vid andra moment. Idrottslärarna utgick från modifierade varianter av bollspel för att skapa ett bredare lärande. Slutsats Idrottslärarna motiverade att användandet av bollspel användes dels för att beröra kunskapskrav utifrån LGR 22, få en hög delaktighet hos sina elevgrupper och för att det är det moment de anser att eleverna känner sig trygga och bekväma i.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p
Att vara eller icke vara med i ett lag : En kvantitativ studie om sambandet mellan självuppfattning och lagsammanhållning
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka skillnaderna i självuppfattning mellan kvinnliga lagidrottare och kvinnliga individuella idrottare. Vidare ville vi titta på om det fanns några utmärkande skillnader i självuppfattning mellan de kvinnliga eleverna i årskurs 1, 2 och 3 på gymnasiet. De frågeställningar vår studie besvarar är följande: - “Föreligger någon skillnad i självuppfattning hos unga kvinnliga lagidrottare och unga kvinnliga individuella idrottare?”- “Föreligger någon skillnad i självuppfattning mellan respektive årskurser?” Metod Vi har utfört en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie, där enkäter har använts som datainsamlingsmetod. Enkäterna har besvarats av kvinnliga elever från en gymnasieskola med spridda idrottsprofiler belägen i Stockholm, där totalt 93 elever svarade på enkäten. Datan vi samlade in bearbetades därefter i statistikprogrammet SPSS, via oberoende t-test och One-Way ANOVA. Resultat Vårt resultat visade på signifikanta skillnader i två av sex kategorier inom begreppet självuppfattning. “Upplevd kondition och betydelse” samt “idrottskompetens och betydelse” visade på ett signifikant värde [t (91) = 3,56, p < 0,001] respektive [t (91) = -3,62, p < 0,001] i skillnad mellan de två studiegrupperna, där lagidrottarna hade en mer positiv självuppfattning. “Kroppsattraktivitet och betydelse”, “upplevd styrka och betydelse”, “fysiskt självvärde och betydelse” samt “global självkänsla” var de övriga kategorierna som studerades. Bland dessa kategorier sågs dock inga signifikanta skillnader. Slutsats Unga kvinnliga individer inom lagidrott tycks ha en mer positiv självuppfattning jämfört med unga kvinnliga individuella idrottare. Detta kunde ses genom signifikanta skillnader i två av sex kategorier. Trots att medelvärdet inom de andra kategorierna inte var statistiskt signifikanta, kunde vi se skillnader i medelvärde mellan de två grupperna, där en tendens till högre medelvärde kunde ses hos lagidrottarna. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in self-perception between female team athletes and female individual athletes. Furthermore, we wanted to see if there were any differences in self-perception between the female students in grade 1, 2 and 3 of high school. The questions of our study are as follows: - "Is there any difference in self-perception in young female team athletes and young female individual athletes?"- "Is there any difference in self-perception between each grade?" Method We have conducted a cross-sectional study, using questionnaires as a method. The questionnaires were answered by female students (n=93) from a secondary school with scattered sports profiles located in Stockholm. The data we collected was then processed in the statistical software SPSS, via Independent T-test and One-Way ANOVA. Results Our results showed significant differences in two out of six different categories within the concept of self-perception. "Perceived fitness and importance" and "sport competence and importance" showed a significant value [t (91) = 3.56, p < 0.001] and [t (91) = -3.62, p < 0.001] respectively in difference between the two study groups, where the team athletes had a more positive self-perception. "Body attractiveness and importance", "perceived strength and importance", "physical self-worth and importance" and "global self-esteem" were the other groups studied. However, no significant differences were seen among these categories. Conclusions Female individuals in team sports seem to have a more positive self-perception compared to female individual athletes. This could be seen through significant differences in two out of six categories. Although the mean within the other categories was not statistically significant, we were still able to see differences in average between the two groups, where we saw a tendency towards higher averages in the team athletes.
Samarbetet mellan NIU och fotbollsklubbar : Hur fungerar Stockholms NIU-skolor med inriktning fotboll?
No full textSyfte och frågeställning Syftet med undersökningen är att få undersöka hur NIU gymnasieskolor i Stockholm och i närområdet till Stockholm fungerar och samarbetar med fotbollsföreningar. För att försöka nå studiens syfte kommer följande frågeställningar att genomsyra uppsatsen. Varför finns NIU på ert gymnasium?Hur anställer skolan tränare till NIU?Vem är det som sätter betygen i ämnet specialidrott? Metod I studien användes en kvalitativ metod för att kunna få fram svar på vårt syfte och frågeställningar. Fem skolor med NIU-verksamhet inom Stockholms närområde valde att tacka ja till att intervjuas. Studien utgår från ramfaktorteorin. Resultat Det visades i studiens resultat att skolornas största målsättning med att ha NIU på sitt gymnasium var för att hjälpa till att skapa framtida elitfotbollsspelare. Gällande rekrytering av lärare eller tränare så ser det olika ut på de olika gymnasierna. Tre skolor som hade anställda specialidrottslärare hade också ansvar för betygen vilket även står med i deras arbetsuppgifter. Betygsättningen på dessa skolor sker via dialog med tränaren från respektive träningsgrupp. Slutsats Studiens slutsats är att det skiljer sig lite från gymnasieskola till gymnasieskola på hur de anställer lärare eller tränare. Majoriteten av skolorna använde sig av anställda specialidrottslärare som satte betygen. Alla skolor hade samma målsättning med NIU-verksamheten. Aim The purpose and research question of this study is to investigate how NIU high schools in Stockholm and the surrounding area function and collaborate with football clubs. In order to achieve this goal, the following research questions will guide the paper. Why is there NIU at your high school? How does the school hire coaches for NIU? Who is responsible for setting grades in the subject of special sports? Method The method used in the study was a qualitative approach in order to gain answers to the purpose and research questions. Five schools within the Stockholm area agreed to be interviewed. The study is based on the framework theory. Results The results of the study showed that the main goal of having NIU at the high school was to help create future elite football players. The recruitment of teachers or trainers varied among the different schools. Three schools that had employed special sports teachers also had the responsibility for grading, which is also included in their job duties. The grading on these schools is done through dialogue with the trainer from the respective training group. Conclusions The conclusion of the study is that there are some variations from school to school in how they recruit teachers or trainers. The majority of the schools used employed special sports teachers to set the grades. All schools had the same goal with the NIU progra
Är svenska tävlingsryttare passionerade? : En kvantitativ enkätstudie om passion och medveten närvaro hos svenska tävlingsryttare
No full textAim and research questions: The aim of this survey study was to increase the understanding of motivational factors in Swedish competition riders by investigating passion, mindfulness, and age. Three research questions were central for this study:1. To which extent do Swedish competition riders exhibit harmonious passion and obsessive passion? 2. To which extent do Swedish competition riders exhibit mindfulness? 3. Are there any correlations between harmonious passion, obsessive passion, age, and mindfulness in Swedish competition riders? Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design and survey as data collection method. The study had 236 participants who were Swedish riders competing in either dressage or jumping at no lower than 2* (regional) level. Participation was voluntary, and the survey was answered anonymously. The data was collected during a period of six weeks. The data was processed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Participants showing higher levels of harmonious passion also showed higher levels of obsessive passion and were more able to refocus. Participants showing higher levels of obsessive passion were loss able to refocus. Riders exhibiting higher levels of harmonious passion also felt more aware regardless of age and level of obsessive passion. Conclusion: The conclusion for this study was that according to passion theory, Swedish competition riders can be described as motivated athletes. The results indicate that harmoniously passionate riders are more mindful and accepting, while obsessively passionate riders are more self-judgmental.Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie var att öka förståelsen för motivationsfaktorer hos svenska tävlingsryttare genom att undersöka passion, medveten närvaro och ålder. Tre frågeställningar var centrala för studien:1. I vilken utsträckning uppvisar svenska tävlingsryttare harmonisk passion och tvångsmässig passion?2. I vilken utsträckning uppvisar svenska tävlingsryttare medveten närvaro? 3. Finns det samband mellan harmonisk passion, tvångsmässig passion, ålder och medveten närvaro hos svenska tävlingsryttare? Metod: Metoden var en tvärsnittsstudie som studiedesign och enkät som datainsamlingsmetod genom en kvantitativ ansats. I studien deltog 236 svenska tävlingsryttare inom dressyr eller hoppning på lägst 2* (regional) nivå. Deltagandet i studien var frivilligt och enkäten besvarades anonymt. Datainsamlingen pågick under sex veckor. Den insamlade data behandlades genom deskriptiv statistik, korrelationsanalys samt multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Resultat: Deltagare med högre nivåer av harmonisk passion uppvisade också högre nivåer avtvångsmässig passion och beskrev sig kunna fokusera om i högre utsträckning. Deltagare med högre nivåer av tvångsmässig passion kunde fokusera om i lägre utsträckning. Ryttare med högre nivåer av harmonisk passion samt lägre nivåer av tvångsmässig passion upplevde sig vara mera medvetet närvarande, oavsett ålder. Slutsats: Slutsatsen för denna studie var att utifrån passionsteorin kan svenska tävlingsryttare beskrivas som motiverade idrottare. Resultaten i studien indikerar att harmoniskt passionerade ryttare är mer medvetet närvarande och accepterande, medan tvångsmässigt passionerade ryttare är mer dömande mot sig själva
The role of glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen biogenesis in skeletal muscle after exercise
No full textInitially it was believed that phosphorylase was responsible for both glycogen breakdown and synthesis in the living cell. The discovery of glycogen synthase and McArdle's disease (lack of phosphorylase activity), together with the high Pi/glucose 1-P ratio in skeletal muscle, demonstrated that glycogen synthesis could not be attributed to reversal of the phosphorylase reaction. Rather, glycogen synthesis was attributable solely to the activity of glycogen synthase, subsequent to the transport of glucose into the cell. However, the well-established observation that phosphorylase was inactivated (i.e., dephosphorylated) during the initial recovery period after prior exercise, when the rate of glycogen accumulation is highest and independent of insulin, suggested that phosphorylase could play an active role in glycogen accumulation. But the quantitative contribution of phosphorylase inactivation was not established until recently, when studying isolated murine muscle preparations during recovery from repeated contractions at temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 °C. Thus, in both slow-twitch, oxidative and fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles, inactivation of phosphorylase accounted for 45%–75% of glycogen accumulation during the initial hours of recovery following repeated contractions. Such data indicate that phosphorylase inactivation may be the most important mechanism for glycogen accumulation under defined conditions. These results support the initial belief that phosphorylase plays a quantitative role in glycogen formation in the living cell. However, the mechanism is not via activation of phosphorylase, but rather via inactivation of the enzyme
Sports environmental factors that promote talent development : The NIU-student experience
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar: Studien syftar till att undersöka elevers upplevelse av tillgängligheten utav idrottsmiljöfaktorer som främjar talangutveckling på Nationellt godkänd idrottsutbildning (NIU) i Stockholms län. De frågeställningar som studien besvarar är: Vilka idrottsmiljöfaktorer, som främjar talangutveckling, skattar NIU-eleverna högst och lägst? Finns det en skillnad i upplevelsen av idrottsmiljöfaktorer mellan lag- och individuella idrottare på NIU-gymnasium? Metod: Studien använder en kvantitativ ansats och datainsamlingsmetoden skedde med hjälp av en enkät. Enkäten genomfördes på tre skolor i Stockholms län, söder- och norrort. Dataanalysen genomfördes i Excel och statistikprogrammet Jamovi. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår ifrån Henriksens (2010) åtta miljömässiga framgångsfaktorer. Resultat: Samtliga NIU-elever (n=96) skattade idrottsmiljöfaktorerna “Träningsgrupper med stödjande relationer”, medelvärde 5,52 (±0,20), och “Träningen tillåter sampling”, medelvärde 5,52 (±0,09), högst och “Samordnade insatser” lägst medelvärde 2,96 (±0,85). De idrottsmiljöfaktorer som studien kunde visa en signifikant skillnad mellan lag- och individuella idrottare var i “Träningsgrupper med stödjande relationer”, “Stöd för utvecklingen av psykosociala färdigheter” och “Stark och enhetlig organisationskultur”. Signifikanta skillnader hittades under följande frågor: ”jag känner mig trygg i min träningsmiljö för det mesta” (p=0,002), ”någon att prata med om idrottsrelaterade problem” (p=0,002), ”någon att lita på i min träningsmiljö” (p=0,026), ”samarbetar med relevanta personer” (p=0,023) och ”möjligheten att använda NIUs anläggningar utanför skoltid” (p=0,007). Slutsats: Samtliga NIU-elever skattar “Träningsgrupper med stödjande relationer” och ”Träningen tillåter sampling” som högst och “Samordnande insatser” som lägst. Det finns en skillnad i upplevelsen av idrottsmiljöfaktorerna: “Träningsgrupper med stödjande relationer”, “Stöd för utvecklingen psykosociala färdigheter” och “Stark och enhetlig organisationskultur”. Lagidrotterna på NIU-gymnasium i Stockholms län upplever att de har dessa idrottsmiljöfaktorer i lägre grad jämfört med de individuella idrottarna. Aim: The study aims to investigate students experience of the availability of sports environmental factors that promote talent development at Nationally Approved Sports Education (NIU) in Stockholm County. The questions that the study answers are: Which sports environment factor, that promotes talent development, do NIU-students value highest and lowest? Is there a difference in the experience of sports environmental factors between team and individual athletes at NIU high school? Method: The study uses a quantitative approach and uses a questionnaire. The survey is conducted at three schools in the south and north of Stockholm Country. The data analysis is carried out in Excel and the statistics program Jamovi. The study's theoretical framework is based on Henriksen's (2010) eight environmental successful factors for athletic talent development. Results: All NIU students (n=96) rate the sports environment factor "Training groups with supportive relationships", mean value 5.52 (±0.24), and “The training allows sampling”, mean value 5.52 (±0,09), the highest and "Integration of efforts" the lowest mean value 2.96 (±0.85). The sports environment factors studied could show a significant difference between team and individual athletes were in "Training groups with supportive relationships", "Support for the development of psychosocial skills" and "Strong and coherent organizational culture". Significant differences were found under the following questions: "I feel safe in my training environment most of the time" (p=0.002), "someone to talk to about sports-related problems" (p=0.002), "someone to trust in my training environment" (p=0.026), "collaborates with relevant people" (p=0.023) and "the possibility to use NIU's facilities outside school hours" (p=0.007). Conclusions: All NIU students rate "Training groups with supportive relationships" and “The training allows sampling” the highest and "Integration of efforts" the lowest. There is a difference in the experience of the sports environment factors "Training groups with supportive relationships", "Support for the development of psychosocial skills" and "Strong and coherent organizational culture". The team athletes at NIU high school in Stockholm County experience that they have these sports environment factors to a lower degree compared to the individual athletes. Uppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Johnssons fond 2023.</p
Load-velocity profiles as a predictor of performance level in swimming : What differentiates international elite swimmers from national elite – force capacity or efficiency?
No full textAim The purposes of this study were to investigate if the load-velocity (L-V) profile parameters – force capacity and efficiency - differ between swimmers of different performance level, and to investigate if efficiency is the key performance indicator between international elite and national elite level swimmers. Method Fifty-four swimmers (27 female and 27 male) of either regional level, national elite or international elite level, participated in this study. The swimmers performed three 25 m semi- tethered maximum effort swims with ascending loads (1 kg, 5% and 10% of body mass). Mean velocity during three stroke cycles mid-effort was calculated and plotted as a function of the external added load. A linear regression was established, expressing the relationship between load and velocity, with the intercepts between the axes and the regression line being defined as the theoretical maximum velocity (V0) and load (force capacity, L0). The slope of the regression line (slopeLV) serves as an index of efficiency. Results A statistically significant difference was found between the three performance levels for all L- V profile variables for front crawl: V0 (F [2, 51] = 7.76, p<0.001), L0 (F [2, 51] = 5.18, p=0.009), and slopeLV (F [2, 51] = 3.36, p=0.043). A paired t-test revealed no difference in slopeLV between matched international elite and national elite level swimmers (t [9] = 1.42, p=0.188), but a near significant difference in L0 (t [9] = 2.11, p=0.064) . Both slopeLV and L0 for front crawl had a strong correlation with personal best in 100 m front crawl (PB100). Conclusion Efficiency was not found to be the key performance indicator between matched international elite and national elite swimmers in this study, and neither was force capacity. Nevertheless, a significant difference in all front crawl L-V profile parameters was found between performance level groups, but post hoc analyses indicated no difference between adjacent performance levels neither in L0 nor slopeLV. There was however a strong correlation between both slopeLV, and L0, to the swimmers’ PB100. All these findings imply that efficiency and force capacity seem to be of equal importance for high performance, but swimmers use different strategies to reach the high swim velocity. Longitudinal development of performance determining factors in swimming (NIH
Performance and micro-pacing strategies in sit para-biathlon
No full textThis study investigated micro-pacing strategies during sit para-biathlon. Six elite sit para-biathletes wore a positioning system device during the world-championships in three different competition formats (Sprint, Middle-distance, and Long-distance). Total Skiing Time (TST), penalty-time, shooting-time, and Total Race Time (TRT) were analysed. One-way analyses of variance were used to compare the relative contributions of TST, penalty-time, and shooting-time to TRT across the three race formats. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to determine the course positions (clusters) where instantaneous skiing speed was significantly associated with TST. The contribution of TST to TRT was lower for the Long-distance (80 & PLUSMN; 6%) compared to the Sprint (86 & PLUSMN; 5%) and Middle-distance (86 & PLUSMN; 3%) races, however this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The proportional contribution of penalty-time to TRT was significantly greater (p < 0.05) for the Long-distance (13 & PLUSMN; 6%) compared to the Sprint (5 & PLUSMN; 4%) and Middle-distance (4 & PLUSMN; 3%) races. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) revealed specific clusters where instantaneous skiing speed was significantly associated with TST. For example, over all laps during the Long-distance race, the fastest athlete gained 6.5 s over the slowest athlete in the section with the steepest uphill. Overall, these findings can provide insights into pacing strategies and help para-biathlon coaches and athletes optimise training programmes to improve performance