The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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”Läraren har såklart en plan” för hur idrott ska inkludera alla : En kvalitativ studie om inkludering i grund- och gymnasieskolans undervisning avseende elever med invandrarbakgrund.
No full textSyfte och frågeställning: Syftet med denna studie är att retrospektivt undersöka hur lärarstudenter med invandrarbakgrund på gymnastik och idrottshögskolan (GIH) ser på sin egen skolgång i grund- och gymnasieskolan avseende inkludering och lärarens sätt att arbeta med elever med invandrabakgrund. Studiens forskningsfrågor är: Hur upplevde lärarstudenterna det pedagogiska mötet mellan eleverna och läraren i idrott och hälsa? Hur såg relationen ut mellan elev och lärare under lärarstudenternas tidigare skolgång? Upplever lärarstudenterna att det fanns en tydlig struktur och disciplin under lektionerna i grund- och gymnasieskolan? Metod: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och belysa hur manliga studenter med invandrarbakgrund ser på idrott från grundskolan. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom intervjuer, och enligt Kvale och Brinkmann (2020) behöver en kvalitativ studie välja rätt urval för att besvara syftet och forskningsfrågan. Ett strategiskt urval tillämpas i denna studie, Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av teorier om Det pedagogiska mötet, Struktur och disciplin samt Pedagogy of love. Resultat: Studenterna upplevde att de fick ett positivt pedagogiskt möte med deras lärare och att de över lag kom bra överens. Deras relation var professionellt där det fanns rum för deras tankar och funderingar. Det ledde till att eleverna respekterade deras lärare och det fanns en tydlig struktur på vad som skulle utföras och förväntningarna var tydliga. Slutsats: Denna studie har bidragit med ny förståelse rörande ämnet idrott kopplat till studenter med en annan etnisk tillhörighet. Den har belyst hur studenter som tillhör en etnisk minoritet upplevt och upplever sina idrottslärare i skolmiljö. Studien visar på att etnicitet har ingen påverkan på hur lärarna arbetar med inkludering utan alla elever behandlas jämlik. Det fanns vissa studenter som upplevde någon enstaka gång att de blev behandlade utifrån ett stereotypiskt drag. Fristående kurs, Idrott III</p
Association of Sarcopenia and Its Defining Components with the Degree of Cognitive Impairment in a Memory Clinic Population.
No full textBACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are two leading causes of disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and investigate the association between sarcopenia diagnostic components (muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance) and cognitive impairment in memory clinic patients. METHODS: 368 patients were included (age 59.0±7.25 years, women: 58.7%), displaying three clinical phenotypes of cognitive impairments, i.e., subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, 57%), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, 26%), and Alzheimer's disease (AD, 17%). Sarcopenia was defined according to diagnostic algorithm recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Components of sarcopenia were grip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gait speed. They were further aggregated into a score (0-3 points) by counting the numbers of limited components. Multi-nominal logistic regression was applied. RESULTS: Probable sarcopenia (i.e., reduced grip strength) was observed in 9.6% of the patients, and 3.5% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with faster gait speed showed less likelihood of MCI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.90) and AD (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.60). One or more limited sarcopenia components was associated with worse cognitive function. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant only for AD (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.45-11.92). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a connection between the sarcopenia components and cognitive impairments. Limitations in the sarcopenia measures, especially slow walking speed, were related to poorer cognitive outcomes. More investigationsare required to further verify the causal relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive outcomes
From Being Literate about Health to Becoming Capable of Achieving Health : Health literacy capabilities of Zimbabwean school youth
No full textFood security is an enduring sustainability challenge in the Southern African region. Food availability, accessibility and affordability have profound health impacts and affect the quality of life of a substantial proportion of the world’s population. This article aims to explore, together with students in educational settings, questions about the relationships between food and health, including the contextual conditions of food availability, accessibility and affordability. This provides opportunities to re-embody food by contextualising it as part of natural and built environments, thus engaging with how challenges of human health intersect with animal and environmental health. The research centres on co-creating knowledge with youth based on their valued beings and doings about health and considers how their health goals relate to food and the sustainability challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). By considering how youths’ understandings, evaluations and decisions regarding health, including setting health goals, intersect with the determinants of food, we come to consider their health literacy capabilities to achieve nonpredetermined health goals that align with their valued beings and doings. As such, the implementation gap between knowing and doing is bridged through practices of health and well-being contextually grounded in the lives and experiences of the student youth
Swedish National Team selections in ice hockey : A retrospective study
No full textCountries invest a large amount of money in talent development and talent identification. The Swedish ice hockey federation is reorganizing and evaluating the national team selection system. Relative age effect (RAE) refers to a selection bias when relatively older athletes get selected because maturity can be mistaken for talent. This study aimed to examine the selection patterns in the Swedish ice hockey national team and see if there is a relationship between selected players and their birth month. Studies on selections have been conducted in Canadian ice hockey and different leagues, but no one has investigated selections in national team ice hockey. A Quantitative approach was used, to analyze the sample from this retrospective study.The sample contained 384 players that has been selected for the Swedish youth and junior national team once or more from five different cohorts from 1997-2001. The statistical analyses were conducted through !test of association, ! goodness of fit and factorial ANOVA. The significance level was set to £0,05. Cramers V and h2 was used to measure the effect size. The results showed that 78% of selected players got re-selected, and most players were entering the system early. A relationship between players birth distribution and selection for the Swedish youth and junior national team was obtained, more players selected were born in the first half of the year. No significant difference in birth distribution was found among the players that played in the World Junior Championship (WJC) in 2017-2021. 92 players were selected for the world junior championship (WJC) rosters. 139 spots were available and 58 of these were taken by underaged players. Underaged players showed a significant difference in birth distribution. Underaged players born in the first half of the year were more likely to be selected as underaged for the U20 WJC rosters compared to their relatively younger peers. No significant difference was found in players height and weight between the four birth quarters. In conclusion, the Swedish ice hockey national team has adopted a collectivistic approach, players could enter the system at a later stage and still be selected to play in the U20 WJC. Most players are initially selected at age 16, which can indicate that the system is closed. Differences in players birth distribution were found and players born early in the year are more likely to be selected for the national team, however in the WJC squads the birth distribution evens out. Länder investerar mycket pengar i talangutveckling och talangidentifikation. Svenska ishockeyförbundet genomför en omorganisation och ska utvärdera systemet för landslagsuttagningar. Studiens syfte var att undersöka selektions mönstren inom svensk ishockeys ungdoms- och juniorlandslag, och se om relativ ålder påverkar vem som blir uttagen till landslaget. Studier på uttagningar inom ishockey har tidigare genomförts i Kanada i olika ligor, men ingen har undersökt landslagsuttagningar inom ishockey. RAE hänvisas till en urvalsbias, där relativt äldre atleter blir uttagna på grund av att mognad kan missta sig som talang. Spelarnas position undersöktes också för att se om det finns några skillnader i uttagningar mellan olika positioner. Studien utgick från en kvantitativ ansats, för att analysera landslagsuttagningarna genomfördes en retrospektiv studie. Urvalet bestod i 384 spelare som blev uttagna en gång eller fler, från fem olika generationer 1997–2001. !test of association and !goodness of fit, och factorial ANOVA användes för att genomföra dataanalyserna. Signifikansnivån sattes till £ 0,05. Cramers V och h2 användes för att mäta effektstorleken. Resultatet visar att 78% av de uttagna spelarna blir omvalda, de flesta spelarna kommer in i systemet tidigt. Ett samband mellan spelares födelsedistribution och uttagning till det svenska ungdoms- och juniorlandslaget erhölls. Fler uttagna spelare var födda under det första halvåret (Q1 och Q2), ingen signifikant skillnad i födelsedistribution erhölls bland de uttagna spelarna för junior världsmästerskapet (JVM) i ishockey, åren 2017–2021. 92 spelare blev uttagna till JVM trupperna. Totalt fanns 139 platser tillgängliga i de svenska JVM trupperna, 58 platser fylldes av underåriga spelare. Underåriga spelare visade en signifikant skillnad i födelsedistribution. Underåriga spelare födda under det första halvåret hade större sannolikhet att bli uttagna som underåriga för U20 JVM trupperna. Ingen signifikant skillnad upptäcktes i spelarnas längd och vikt mellan de olika födelse kvartalen. Slutsats, svensk ishockeys landslagsuttagningar har en kollektivistisk approach. Det var möjligt för spelare att komma in i systemet senare och fortfarande ha möjligheten att representera Sverige i U20 VM. De flesta spelarna blir uttagna vid 16 års ålder, vilket kan indikera att systemet är stängt. Skillnader i spelarnas födelsedistribution hittades, och spelare tidigt födda på året var över representerade i landslagen, men i junior VM truppen jämnade åldersdistributionen ut sig.
Random capillary glucose levels throughout pregnancy, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental conditions in children : a group-based trajectory analysis.
No full textBACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with both short- and long-term risks, although it is unknown if risks vary by severity, timing, and duration of gestational hyperglycemia. We aimed to identify trajectories of random capillary glucose (RCG) levels throughout pregnancy and assess their associations with both obstetric/neonatal outcomes and children's risk of neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) (i.e., autism, intellectual disability, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders [ADHD]). METHODS: A population-based cohort study was conducted involving 76,228 children born to 68,768 mothers without pregestational diabetes. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to identify distinct glucose trajectories across RCG values throughout the course of pregnancy. The associations between these trajectory groups and obstetric/neonatal outcomes as well as children's NDCs were then assessed using generalized estimating equation models with a logit link. The Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure was employed to adjust P-values for multiple comparisons, controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS: Five distinct glucose trajectory groups were identified, each with varying percentages diagnosed with GDM. Their associations with obstetric/neonatal outcomes as well as children's NDCs varied. For example, when compared to the "Persistently Low" group, other groups exhibited varying degrees of increased risk for large-for-gestational-age babies, with the exception of the "High in Early Pregnancy" group. Compared to the "Persistently Low" group, all other trajectory groups were associated with NDC outcomes, except the "High in Mid-Pregnancy" group. However, none of the associations with offspring NDCs remained significant after accounting for the FDR correction. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent high glucose levels or moderately elevated glucose levels throughout pregnancy, as well as transient states of hyperglycemia in early or mid-pregnancy, were found to be associated with increased risks of specific obstetric and neonatal complications, and potentially offspring NDCs. These risks varied depending on the severity, timing, duration, and management of hyperglycemia. The findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and individualized management strategies for women displaying different glucose trajectories during pregnancy. Limitations such as potential residual confounding, the role of mediators, and small sample size should be addressed in future studies
Making sense of health in PE : conceptions of health among Swedish physical education teachers
No full textPurpose Over the last couple of decades, health has become a central part of the subject content in physical education (PE) curricula in many countries. As a result, issues of health have been foregrounded much more clearly in the teaching of PE. The aim of this study was to explore how Swedish PE teachers make sense of health in relation to their teaching practices. This was done through investigating conceptions and theories about health in the teachers' descriptions of their teaching practices. Design/methodology/approach The data analyzed in this paper were collected through focus group and individual interviews with PE teachers in the grades 7-9 within compulsory schools in Sweden. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings Four dominant themes were identified in the data: 1) Health as a healthy attitude, 2) Health as a functional ability, 3) Health as fitness, 4) Health as mental wellbeing. There is a clear impact from healthism and obesity discourses on the teachers' accounts of health, but there is also an impact from holistic views and approaches to health. The authors contend that teachers should be explicit in what they mean by health in relation to what they teach, how they teach and why they teach health in a certain way. Originality/value The knowledge produced by this study is crucial since teachers' assumptions regarding health affect the subject content (what), the pedagogies (how), as well as the reasons (why) they teach health and therefore what students learn regarding health
Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder (PEXACOG) : a feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial.
No full textBACKGROUND: Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a frequent and severe disorder among older adults. For older adults with GAD the effect of the recommended treatment, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), is reduced. Physical exercise (PE) may enhance the effect of CBT by improving cognitive function and increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a predictor of the effect of CBT in patients with anxiety. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating treatment effect of the combination of CBT and PE for GAD in a sample of older adults, including procedures for assessment and treatment. METHODS: Four participants aged 62-70 years (M = 65.5, SD = 3.2) with a primary diagnosis of GAD were included. Participants received 15 weeks of PE in combination with 10 weeks of CBT. Participants completed self-report measures, and clinical, biological, physiological and neuropsychological tests at pre-, interim- and post-treatment. RESULTS: Procedures, protocols, and results are presented. One participant dropped out during treatment. For the three participants completing, the total adherence to PE and CBT was 80% and 100%, respectively. An independent assessor concluded that the completers no longer fulfilled the criteria for GAD after treatment. Changes in self-report measures suggest symptom reduction related to anxiety and worry. The sample is considered representative for the target population. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that combining CBT and PE for older adults with GAD is feasible, and that the procedures and tests are suitable and manageable for the current sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02690441. Registered on 24 February 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02690441 .Correction published: Biopsychosoc Med. 2023 Aug 4;17(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13030-023-00284-3.</p
Adolescents' experiences of a school-based health promotion intervention in socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged areas in Sweden : a qualitative process evaluation study.
No full textBACKGROUND: Adolescence is a transition period in which positive experiences of physical activity have the potential to last into later adulthood. These experiences are influenced by socioeconomic determinants, leading to health inequalities. This study aims to explore adolescents' experiences and participation in a multi-component school-based intervention in schools located in socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged areas in Sweden. METHODS: A qualitative design was used to evaluate how participants experienced the intervention. The intervention was a multi-component school-based intervention. It was conducted in six schools (four control and two intervention schools) with a total of 193 students and lasted one school year. It was teacher-led and consisted of three 60-minute group sessions per week: varied physical activities, homework support with activity breaks, and walks while listening to audiobooks. In total, 23 participant observations were conducted over eight months and 27 students participated in focus groups. A content analysis was conducted. RESULTS: The results describe a main category 'Engaging in activities depending on socioeconomic status' and three generic categories: 1. Variations in participation in PA together with classmates and teachers; 2. Variations in engagement in PA after school; and 3. Differences in time and place allocated to do homework and listen to audiobooks. These categories illustrate how participants looked forward to the physical activities but used the time spent during the walks and homework support differently depending on how busy they were after school. Frequently, those who were busiest after school were also those from the advantaged area, and those who had little to do after school were from the disadvantaged area. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic factors influence participants' possibilities to engage in the intervention activities as well as how they use their time in the activities. This study showed that it is crucial to support adolescents' participation in physical activities by providing structure and engaging well-known teachers in the activities, especially in schools located in disadvantaged areas.Partners are IKEA, Kronprinsessparets stiftelse/Generation Pep, Storytel, SATS and Permobil.</p
Scoping review of dual-task interference in individuals with intellectual disability.
No full textDual-task paradigms can provide insights on the structures and mechanisms underlying information processing and hold diagnostic, prognostic, and rehabilitative value for populations with cognitive deficits such as in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). In this paradigm, two tasks are performed separately (single-task context) and concurrently (dual-task context). The change in performance from single- to dual-task context represents dual-task interference. Findings from dual-task studies have been largely inconsistent on whether individuals with ID present with dual-task-specific deficits. The current review aimed to map the published literature on dual-task methods and pattern of dual-task interference in individuals with ID. A scoping review based on Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework was performed. Seventeen electronic databases and registries were searched to identify relevant studies, including gray literature. Charted data from included studies were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. PRISMA guidelines informed the reporting of this review. Twenty-two studies involving 1,102 participants (656 with ID and 446 without ID) met the review's inclusion criteria. Participants in the included studies were heterogeneous in sex, age (range 3-59 years), etiology and ID severity. Included studies characterized their ID-sample in different ways, most commonly using intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Other measures of intellectual function (e.g., mental age, ID severity, verbal and/or visuospatial ability scores) were also used, either solely or in combination with IQ. Methods of dual-task testing varied across studies, particularly in relation to dual-task combinations, equation of single-task performance between groups, measurement and reporting of dual-task performance for each single-task, and task priority instructions. Thematic content of the included studies were: (1) structural interference to dual-tasking; (2) etiology-based differences in dual-tasking; (3) gait and balance dual-task performance; (4) testing executive function using dual-task paradigms; and (5) training effect on dual-task performance. Although the evidence consistently supported the intact dual-tasking ability of individuals with ID, the pattern of dual-task interference was inconsistent. Likewise, the evidence was inconclusive regarding dual-task deficit specific to individuals with ID because of heterogeneity in dual-task study designs among included studies
En studie på traceurers maximala styrka och explosiva styrka : att mäta hoppförmåga inom Parkour/Freerunning med Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull och Countermovement Jump
No full textSyfte: Syftet för studien var att undersöka om isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) tillsammans med (CMJ) kan anses som lämpliga testmetoder för att mäta prestation i hoppförmåga inom parkour/freerunning (PK/FR). Vi undersökte detta genom att mäta traceurers maximala styrka och explosiva styrka i de nedre extremiteterna, för att sedan jämföra resultaten med fysiskt aktiva idrottsstudenter på högskolenivå. Vi undersökte även om IMTP och CMJ korrelerar med varandra. Urval: 23 personer, 11 traceurer och 12 fysiskt aktiva idrottare rekryterades för denna studie. Metod: vi mätte maximal styrka: Peak force (PF) IMTP (N) på kraftplatta och maximal vertikal hopphöjd: CMJ (cm) på IR-matta. Statistisk analys: Shapiro Wilks användes för normalfördelningar, en oberoende tvåvägs Mann-Whitney U t-test användes för att undersöka skillnader mellan grupperna. Två Spearmans- och ett Pearsons korrelationskoefficienttest användes för att undersöka samband mellan IMTP och CMJ. Resultat: PK gruppen var normalfördelad i alla variabler IMTP (N) och CMJ (cm) men kontroll (KTRL) gruppen var ej normalfördelad i CMJ (cm) och gav utslag för IMTP (N). PK gruppen uppnådde ett IMTP (N) medianvärde på: 2269,9 ± 661.72N och CMJ medianvärde på 36.2 ± 7.48 cm. KTRL gruppen uppnådde ett IMTP (N) medianvärde på: 1626.9 ± 501.95N och ett CMJ medianvärde på: 31.8 ± 5.91cm. Ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad hittades mellan grupperna, men traceurerna visar en trend för ett högre IMTP (N) värde. Ett statistiskt signifikant samband fanns mellan IMTP och CMJ för hela populationen. R-värde = 0.404. R² värde avrundades till 23%. P-värde = 0.031. Inget statistiskt signifikant samband fanns för PK eller KTRL grupperna individuellt. Slutsats: Traceurerna och de fysiskt aktiva högskolestudenterna visade snarlika resultat i maximal styrka och explosiv styrka i denna studie. Resultaten klassificerades som lågpresterande i förhållande till referensvärden från tidigare studier på traditionella idrotter för IMTP och på traceurer i CMJ. Den maximala styrkan från IMTP tycks förklara 23% av hoppförmågan i CMJ vilket kan vara en indikation av betydelse för traceurers prestation. Framtida forskare uppmuntras använda IMTP och CMJ på större populationer för att kartlägga traceurers force-velocity kurvor och/eller inrätta skadepreventiva program för PK/FR. Begrepp: Traceur (FRE) = tracer (ENG), spårare (SWE). Traceur = manlig Parkour utövare. Traceuse = kvinnlig Parkourutövare. PK/FR = Parkour/Freerunning. PK = Studiens Parkour grupp. KTRL = Studiens kontrollgrupp. Countermovement jump (CMJ), (N) = Newton. 1RM = en 100% maximal ansträngd repetition.Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate if IMTP together with CMJ can be considered as suitable methods to measure performance in jumping ability in PK/FR. We investigated this by measuring maximal strength and explosive strength of the lower extremities of traceurs and comparing the results with physically active college student athletes. We investigated also if IMTP and CMJ correlate with each other. Recruitment: 23 people, 11 traceurs and 12 psychical active collegial sport athletes were recruited for this study. Method: We measured maximal strength: PF IMTP (N) on force plate and maximal vertical jump height: CMJ (cm) on IR mat. Statistical analysis: Shapiro Wilks was used for normal distribution; an independent two-way Mann-Whitney U t-test was used to examine differences between groups. Linear regression tests with two Spearman's and one Pearson's correlation coefficient tests were used to examine relationships between IMTP and CMJ. R² values were calculated. Results: The PK group was normally distributed in IMTP (N) and CMJ (cm). The KTRL group was not normally distributed in CMJ (cm) and flagged an indication for IMTP (N). The PK group achieved a IMTP (N) median of 2269.9N SD ± 661.72N. And CMJ median of 36.2cm SD ± 7.48cm. The KTRL group achieved a IMTP (N) median of 1626.9N SD ± 501.95N. And a CMJ median of 31.8cm SD ± 5.91cm. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. But the traceurs showed a trend for a higher IMTP (N) value. A statistically significant relationship was found between IMTP and CMJ for the entire population. R value = 0.404. R² value was rounded to 23%. P-value = 0.031. No statistically significant relationships were found for the PK- or the KTRL groups individually. Conclusion: The traceurs and the physically active college students were similar in maximal- and explosive strength in this study. The results were classified as low performance in comparison to previous studies of traditional sports on IMTP and on traceurs on CMJ. The maximal strength from the IMTP appears to account for 23% of the jumping ability in CMJ which may be an indication of importance for traceurs performance. Future researchers are encouraged to use IMTP and CMJ on larger populations to map force-velocity curves and/or establish injury prevention programs for PK/FR. Concepts: Traceur (FRE) = tracer (ENG), tracker (SWE). Traceur = male Parkour practitioner. Traceuse = female Parkour practitioner. PK/FR = Parkour/Freerunning. PK = The study's Parkour group. KTRL = Study control group. Countermovement jump (CMJ), Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). 1 RM = a 100% maximum effort repetition.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p